1972 Finnish parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Finland on 2 and 3 January 1972.

1972 Finnish parliamentary election

2–3 January 1972
All 200 seats in the Parliament of Finland 101 seats needed for a majority
First party Second party Third party   Leader Rafael Paasio Ele Alenius Johannes Virolainen Party SDP SKDL Centre Last election 23.43%, 52 seats 16.58%, 36 seats 17.12%, 36 seats Seats won 55 37 35 Seat change 3 1 1 Popular vote 664,724 438,757 423,039 Percentage 25.78% 17.02% 16.41% Swing 2.35pp 0.44pp 0.71pp   Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party   Leader Harri Holkeri Veikko Vennamo Jan-Magnus Jansson Party National Coalition Rural Party RKP Last election 18.05%, 37 seats 10.49%, 18 seat 5.34%, 11 seats Seats won 34 18 9 Seat change 3 2 Popular vote 453,434 236,206 130,407 Percentage 17.59% 9.16% 5.06% Swing 0.46pp 1.33pp 0.28pp   Seventh party Eighth party Ninth party   Leader Pekka Tarjanne Eino Sares Party Liberal People's Christian League ÅS Last election 5.95%, 8 seats 1.13%, 1 seat 0.35%, 1 seat Seats won 7 4 1 Seat change 1 3 Popular vote 132,955 65,228 7,672 Percentage 5.16% 2.53% 0.30% Swing 0.79pp 1.40pp 0.05pp
Prime Minister before election Teuvo Aura Independent Prime Minister after election Rafael Paasio SDP

Background

Prime Minister Ahti Karjalainen's centre-left coalition government lost the Finnish People's Democratic League in March 1971 as they opposed the removal of government subsidies from certain foods whose prices rose, and was forced to resign in October 1971, due to the disagreements between the Social Democratic Party and the Centre Party over the amount of agricultural subsidies. According to some historians, politicians and journalists, such as Allan Tiitta, Seppo Zetterberg, Johannes Virolainen, Veikko Vennamo and Pekka Hyvärinen, an underlying reason for these early parliamentary elections was President Urho Kekkonen's desire to continue in office without regular presidential elections which had been scheduled for 1974. Re-election as President through exceptional means would require a five-sixths majority in Parliament and, according to the above analysts, Kekkonen hoped that such early elections would reduce the number of Finnish Rural Party MPs, and would thus make the exceptional electoral law's passage in Parliament easier.

Kekkonen remembered bitterly the loud and constant criticism of himself and of his foreign policy that Rural Party leader Veikko Vennamo had practised during the 1968 presidential election campaign, and he was determined not to submit himself to such a vicious election campaign this time. Finland was also negotiating a free trade agreement with the European Economic Community, and most Finnish politicians believed that Finland could get a favourable free trade agreement with President Kekkonen's help.

Results

Party		Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	Social Democratic Party	664,724	25.78	55	+3
	National Coalition Party	453,434	17.59	34	–3
	Finnish People's Democratic League	438,757	17.02	37	+1
	Centre Party	423,039	16.41	35	–1
	Finnish Rural Party	236,206	9.16	18	0
	Liberal People's Party	132,955	5.16	7	–1
	Swedish People's Party	130,407	5.06	9	–2
	Finnish Christian League	65,228	2.53	4	+3
	Social Democratic Union of Workers and Smallholders	25,527	0.99	0	0
	Åland Coalition	7,672	0.30	1	0
Total		2,577,949	100.00	200	0
Valid votes		2,577,949	99.65
Invalid/blank votes		9,111	0.35
Total votes		2,587,060	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		3,178,011	81.41
Source: Tilastokeskus 2004

By electoral district

Finland's 1972 parliamentary election results service

Electoral district	Total seats	Seats won
		SDP	SKDL	Kesk	Kok	SMP	RKP	LKP	SKL	ÅS
Åland	1									1
Central Finland	10	3	2	2	1	1			1
Häme	15	5	3	2	4	1
Helsinki	22	7	4		6	1	2	2
Kymi	15	6	1	3	3	1			1
Lapland	9	1	3	3	1	1
North Karelia	8	2	1	2	1	2
North Savo	11	2	3	3	1	2
Oulu	18	2	5	6	2	2		1
Pirkanmaa	13	5	3		3			1	1
Satakunta	13	4	3	3	2	1
South Savo	10	3	1	2	1	1		1	1
Uusima	21	8	3	2	3	1	3	1
Vaasa	18	3	2	5	3	2	3
Varsinais-Suomi	16	4	3	2	3	2	1	1
Total	200	55	37	35	34	18	9	7	4	1
Source: Statistics Finland

Aftermath

To most other parties' surprise, the Rural Party retained their 18 MPs. Government formation was difficult due to partisan bickering and the elections' rather inconclusive results. Rafael Paasio of the Social Democrats formed a minority government of his own party in February 1972, replacing the Helsinki city manager Teuvo Aura's liberal caretaker government. Finally, after tough negotiations, Social Democrat Kalevi Sorsa managed to form a new centre-left majority government that included the Social Democrats, the Centre Party, the Swedish People's Party and the Liberal People's Party in September 1972.

President Kekkonen's goal of re-election by Parliament was achieved in January 1973. It was helped by the Rural Party splitting as thirteen of their MPs left to form the Finnish People's Unity Party, and by most National Coalition MPs supporting his re-election.