The 1972 Moroccan coup attempt was an unsuccessful attempt to assassinate King Hassan II of Morocco on 16 August 1972. The attempted coup d'état occurred in Morocco when a rebel faction within the Moroccan military attempted to shoot down an aircraft carrying the King of Morocco, Hassan II. The attempt was orchestrated by General Mohamed Oufkir, a close advisor to King Hassan. He was assisted by Mohamed Amekrane, commander of the Moroccan air force base at Kenitra. The coup and protests aimed at overthrowing the authoritarian monarchy of King Hassan and his Alaouite dynasty in Morocco and forming a democratic republic that represented the Moroccan people instead.[1] On August 16, four Northrop F-5 jets, acting on Oufkir's orders, intercepted King Hassan's Boeing 727 as it returned from France.[2] Reportedly, King Hassan grabbed the radio and told the rebel pilots, "Stop firing! The tyrant is dead!" Fooled, the rebel pilots broke off their attack, believing that their mission had been accomplished.[3]
| 1972 Moroccan coup d'état attempt | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Hassan's damaged Boeing 727 after the 1972 Airmen's coup attempt | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Government of Morocco |
Coup plotters | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
 King Hassan II |
Mohamed Oufkir † Mohamed Amekrane  | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| 8 killed and 40 wounded | |||||||
Hassan's plane, which had been strafed by the air force jets, killing eight and injuring 40,[4] landed safely at Rabat's airport.
Background
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The coup occurred a year after another attempted military coup against King Hassan II's regime. 250 rebels based in the Ahermoumou cadet training school attacked the King's palace on his 42nd birthday, killing 91 people and injuring 133.[5]
Oufkir had gained power after the coup in 1971, moving from the Minister of Interior to Minister of Defence. Many had believed he planned the first coup to facilitate this rise.[6]
Attack
edit
On 16 August 1972, as King Hassan was returning to Morocco from a personal visit to France, four Royal Moroccan Air Force pilots, flying Northrop F-5 fighter jets, attacked the Boeing 727, It was said that Major Kouera el-Ouafi led this attack.[7][2] The planes shot holes through the fuselage, killing some passengers. During the attack, Major Kouera el-Ouafi plane's was damaged and was forced to bail out, but was captured shortly afterward.[7] One plane broke off, strafing a nearby airfield and killing many on the ground.[8]
Allegedly, the rebel pilots broke off their attack on the King's aircraft after the King himself grabbed the radio and told the rebel pilots, "Stop firing! The tyrant is dead!" Believing their mission to have been accomplished, the rebel pilots broke off their attack.[3]
Eight passengers on the royal jet were killed and forty injured, however, the jet was able to land safely at Rabat airport.[4]
Following the arrest of individuals alleged to have taken part in the failed coup attempt, 220 men were prosecuted, all of whom were officers, non-commissioned officers, and soldiers from the Kenitra air force installation. Most of them had only carried out the directives.[9]
Aftermath
editKenitra Air Base, where most of the rebellious air force officers were based, was surrounded and hundreds arrested.[8]
Oufkir was found dead of multiple gunshot wounds later on 16 August, ostensibly from suicide when he learned the King knew of the betrayal.[10][11] Many of his relatives were imprisoned, not being released until 1991, speculated to be because of international criticism for possible human rights abuses.[12] General Mohamed Amekrane fled to Gibraltar after the coup's failure; he failed to receive asylum and was extradited back to Morocco where he was executed by firing squad.[13]
References
edit- ^ Miller, Susan Gilson (2013-04-15). A History of Modern Morocco. Cambridge University Press. p. 177. ISBN 978-0-521-81070-8. Retrieved 2013-05-09.
- ^ a b The Air Force role in low-intensity conflict. DIANE Publishing. 1986. p. 56. ISBN 1428928278.
- ^ a b Gregory, Joseph R. (July 24, 1999). "Hassan II of Morocco Dies at 70; A Monarch Oriented to the West". The New York Times.
- ^ a b Morocco: the Islamist awakening and other challenges. Marvine Howe, p. 111
- ^ "1971: Death for Moroccan rebel leaders". BBC. 13 July 1971. Retrieved 27 November 2016.
- ^ Johnson, Peter. "General Oufkir's last interview". The Spectator. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
- ^ a b "Morocco Puts 220 on Trial for Attempt on King Hassan's Life (Published 1972)". 1972-10-18. Retrieved 2023-08-03.
- ^ a b "Loyal Troops Seize Airfield". Chicago Tribune. Reuters. 17 August 1972. Retrieved 27 November 2016.
- ^ Riftime (2019-10-18). "The attack on the plane of the King of Morocco 1972 (part 10)". RifTime. Retrieved 2023-08-03.
- ^ Hughes, Stephen O. (2006). Morocco Under King Hassan. Ithaca Press. ISBN 0863723128.
- ^ "Interview with Malika Oufkir". Foreign Correspondent. 7 November 2001. Archived from the original on 2008-07-25. Retrieved 2013-01-17.
- ^ "Morocco Frees Coup Leader's Relatives After 18 Years in Jail". LA Times. 2 March 1991. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
- ^ European Convention on Human Rights Year: 1973. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. 1975. p. 366. ISBN 9024717841. Retrieved 25 November 2016.