Elections to the eleventh Supreme Soviet were held in the Soviet Union on 4 March 1984.[1] They were the last in the Soviet Union to be held before Mikhail Gorbachev's policies of perestroika and demokratizatsiya resulted in partially free elections in 1989. They were also the last direct elections to the Supreme Soviet, as in 1989 deputies were elected to the Congress of People's Deputies, who then elected the Supreme Soviet.
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All 750 seats in the Soviet of the Union All 750 seats in the Soviet of Nationalities | |||||||||||||||||||
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Electoral system
editCandidates had to be nominated by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) or by a public organisation.[2] However, all public organisations were controlled by the party and were subservient to a 1931 law that required them to accept party rule.[2] The CPSU itself remained the only legal one in the country.[3]
Voters could vote against the CPSU candidate, but could only do so by using polling booths, whereas votes for the party could be cast simply by submitting a blank ballot.[2] Turnout was required to be over 50% for the election to be valid.[2]
Candidates
editCPSU candidates accounted for around three quarters of the nominees, whilst many of the others were members of Komsomol.[4]
Results
editWith over 184 million Soviet citizens voting in the election, over 99% of the votes went to a deputy to the Supreme Soviet, with over 100,000 votes against Party candidates, the lowest for any election in the Soviet Union.[5]
Soviet of the Union
edit| Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Communist Party of the Soviet Union | 183,897,278 | 99.94 | 551 | +2 | |
| Independents | 199 | –2 | |||
| Against | 109,078 | 0.06 | – | – | |
| Total | 184,006,356 | 100.00 | 750 | 0 | |
| Valid votes | 184,006,356 | 100.00 | |||
| Invalid/blank votes | 17 | 0.00 | |||
| Total votes | 184,006,373 | 100.00 | |||
| Registered voters/turnout | 184,029,412 | 99.99 | |||
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver | |||||
Soviet of Nationalities
edit| Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Communist Party of the Soviet Union | 183,592,183 | 99.77 | 521 | –5 | |
| Independents | 229 | +5 | |||
| Against | 414,172 | 0.23 | – | – | |
| Total | 184,006,355 | 100.00 | 750 | 0 | |
| Valid votes | 184,006,355 | 100.00 | |||
| Invalid/blank votes | 18 | 0.00 | |||
| Total votes | 184,006,373 | 100.00 | |||
| Registered voters/turnout | 184,029,412 | 99.99 | |||
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver | |||||
References
edit- ^ Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p1642 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
- ^ a b c d Nohlen & Stöver, p1630
- ^ Nohlen & Stöver, p1654
- ^ Nohlen & Stöver, p1631
- ^ Party, State, and Citizen in the Soviet Union: A Collection of Documents, edited by Mervyn Matthews, London: M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 1989, p. 5-6, 16-18.