Wikipedia

1H 0323+342

1H 0323+342 known as 2MASX J032441.19+341045.9, is a galaxy located in the constellation of Perseus. It is located 831 million light years from Earth.[1] It is classified a gamma-ray emitting narrow-line Seyfert galaxy,[2][3] the nearest known example of this subtype.[4][5]

1H 0323+342
Pan-STARRS image of 1H 0323+342
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
ConstellationPerseus
Right ascension03h 24m 41.16s
Declination+34° 10′ 45.87″
Redshift0.062900
Heliocentric radial velocity18,857 km/s
Distance831 Mly (254.78 Mpc)
Apparent magnitude (V)15.72
Characteristics
TypeNLSy1
Size59.55 kiloparsecs (194,200 light-years)
(diameter; 2MASS K-band total isophote)[1]
Notable featuresNearest gamma-ray emitting narrow-line Seyfert galaxy
Other designations
LEDA 2045127, RX J0324.6+3410, WB J0324+3410, 2MASX J03244119+3410459, B2 0321+33B, TXS 0321+340, NVSS J032441+341045

Observational history

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1H 0323+342 was first discovered by Wood as an astrophysical X-ray source during the HEAO-1 X-ray survey in 1984.[6] At the time of the observation the source had an unknown origin. In 1993, the source was confirmed as a Seyfert type 1 galaxy by Remillard and colleagues, who identified several emission-line AGNs from a further HEAO-1 X-ray survey.[7] This galaxy has since been detected by both the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope and INTEGRAL.[8]

Characteristics

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The nucleus of 1H 0323+342 is found to be active. The most likely explanation for this energy source in all active galactic nuclei is a presence of an accretion disk around a supermassive black hole. The mass of the black hole in center of 1H 0323+342 is estimated to be 107 Mʘ based on the width and luminosity of a Hβ line and empirical scaling relations,[8] or ~ 2 x 107 Mʘ according to multi-wavelength observations.[9] But later studies shows the mass of the black hole has different estimates. In 2016, a similar mass of (3.4+0.9-0.6) x 107 Mʘ was found from a reverberation study.[10] However, in 2024, the mass is 107.24±0.01 Mʘ according to the galaxy's total flux spectrum.[11] Additionally, the nucleus shows a quasi-stationary feature similar to a HST-1 structure inside the jet of Messier 87.[10]

1H 0323+342 shows some characteristics of blazars, including variable fluxes in optical, radio and X-ray bands as well as a compact bright core.[12] Moreover, the core is revealed to have a two-sided structure measuring ~ 15 kiloparsecs. The galaxy also contains a flat-spectrum radio source with a radio loudness of either R5GHz = 246 or R1.4GHz = 318. A relativistic jet is present in 1H 0323+342[13] although its jet power of 1.0 x 1045 erg s-1 is half the luminosity of its accretion disk.[10]

The host galaxy of 1H 0323+342 is a mystery but it has irregular morphology.[14] There is a peculiar structure in the galaxy. It is either interpreted as a one-armed spiral structure based from an optical image taken by Hubble Space Telescope,[12] or a ring-like structure suggesting a recent galaxy merger.[15]

References

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  1. ^ a b "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database results for 1H 0323+342". ned.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2024-10-15.
  2. ^ Foschini, Luigi; Ciroi, Stefano; Berton, Marco; Vercellone, Stefano; Romano, Patrizia; Braito, Valentina (2019-09-14). "Mapping the Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxy 1H 0323+342". Universe. 5 (9): 199. arXiv:1909.05525. Bibcode:2019Univ....5..199F. doi:10.3390/universe5090199. ISSN 2218-1997.
  3. ^ Liu, Hao; Wu, Chao; Wang, Jing; Wei, Jianyan (April 2016). "Optical monitoring observations of two γ -ray narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies". New Astronomy. 44: 51–57. Bibcode:2016NewA...44...51L. doi:10.1016/j.newast.2015.09.005. ISSN 1384-1076.
  4. ^ Mundo, Sergio A; Kara, Erin; Cackett, Edward M; Fabian, A C; Jiang, J; Mushotzky, R F; Parker, M L; Pinto, C; Reynolds, C S; Zoghbi, A (2020-06-18). "The origin of X-ray emission in the gamma-ray emitting narrow-line Seyfert 1 1H 0323+342". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 496 (3): 2922–2931. arXiv:2006.07537. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa1744. ISSN 0035-8711.
  5. ^ Turner, Clay S; Miller, Hugh R; Maune, Jeremy D; Eggen, Joseph R (2022-10-03). "Optical variability of the very radio-loud narrow line Seyfert 1 galaxy, 1H 0323+342". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 517 (3): 3257–3262. arXiv:2209.13066. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac2805. ISSN 0035-8711.
  6. ^ Wood, K. S.; Meekins, J. F.; Yentis, D. J.; Smathers, H. W.; McNutt, D. P.; Bleach, R. D.; Byram, E. T.; Chupp, T. A.; Friedman, H.; Meidav, M. (1984-12-01). "The HEAO A-1 X-ray source catalog". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 56: 507–649. Bibcode:1984ApJS...56..507W. doi:10.1086/190992. ISSN 0067-0049.
  7. ^ Remillard, R. A.; Bradt, H. V. D.; Brissenden, R. J. V.; Buckley, D. A. H.; Roberts, W.; Schwartz, D. A.; Stroozas, B. A.; Tuohy, I. R. (June 1993). "Twenty-two emission-line AGNs from the HEAO-1 X-ray survey". The Astronomical Journal. 105 (6): 2079–2089. Bibcode:1993AJ....105.2079R. doi:10.1086/116585. ISSN 0004-6256.
  8. ^ a b Paliya, Vaidehi S.; Sahayanathan, S.; Parker, M. L.; Fabian, A. C.; Stalin, C. S.; Anjum, Ayesha; Pandey, S. B. (2014-06-24). "The Peculiar Radio-Loud Narrow Line Seyfert 1 Galaxy 1H 0323+342". The Astrophysical Journal. 789 (2): 143. arXiv:1405.0715. Bibcode:2014ApJ...789..143P. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/789/2/143. ISSN 0004-637X.
  9. ^ Pan, Hai-Wu; Yuan, Weimin; Yao, Su; Komossa, S.; Jin, Chichuan (2018-10-10). "Independent Estimation of Black Hole Mass for the γ-ray-detected Archetypal Narrow-line Seyfert 1 Galaxy 1H 0323+342 from X-Ray Variability". The Astrophysical Journal. 866 (1): 69. arXiv:1807.01002. Bibcode:2018ApJ...866...69P. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aadd4a. ISSN 0004-637X.
  10. ^ a b c Doi, Akihiro; Hada, Kazuhiro; Kino, Motoki; Wajima, Kiyoaki; Nakahara, Satomi (2018-04-10). "A Recollimation Shock in a Stationary Jet Feature with Limb-brightening in the Gamma-Ray-emitting Narrow-line Seyfert 1 Galaxy 1H 0323+342". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 857 (1): L6. arXiv:1804.03776. Bibcode:2018ApJ...857L...6D. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aabae2. ISSN 2041-8205.
  11. ^ Jose, Jincen; Rakshit, Suvendu; Panda, Swayamtrupta; Woo, Jong-Hak; Stalin, C S; Neha, Sharma; Pandey, Shivangi (2024-07-11). "Spectropolarimetric view of the gamma-ray emitting NLS1 1H0323 + 342". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 532 (3): 3187–3197. arXiv:2407.06761. doi:10.1093/mnras/stae1691. ISSN 0035-8711.
  12. ^ a b Zhou, Hongyan; Wang, Tinggui; Yuan, Weimin; Shan, Hongguang; Komossa, Stefanie; Lu, Honglin; Liu, Yi; Xu, Dawei; Bai, J. M.; Jiang, D. R. (2007-02-15). "A Narrow-Line Seyfert 1-Blazar Composite Nucleus in 2MASX J0324+3410". The Astrophysical Journal. 658 (1): L13–L16. arXiv:astro-ph/0702329. Bibcode:2007ApJ...658L..13Z. doi:10.1086/513604. ISSN 0004-637X.
  13. ^ Yao, Su; Yuan, Weimin; Komossa, S.; Grupe, Dirk; Fuhrmann, L.; Liu, Bifang (2015-06-30). "THEγ-RAY DETECTED NARROW-LINE SEYFERT 1 GALAXY 1H 0323+342:SWIFTMONITORING ANDSUZAKUSPECTROSCOPY". The Astronomical Journal. 150 (1): 23. arXiv:1505.01269. Bibcode:2015AJ....150...23Y. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/150/1/23. ISSN 1538-3881.
  14. ^ León Tavares, J.; Kotilainen, J.; Chavushyan, V.; Añorve, C.; Puerari, I.; Cruz-González, I.; Patiño-Alvarez, V.; Antón, S.; Carramiñana, A.; Carrasco, L.; Guichard, J.; Karhunen, K.; Olguín-Iglesias, A.; Sanghvi, J.; Valdes, J. (2014-10-14). "The Host Galaxy of the Gamma-Ray Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxy 1H 0323+342". The Astrophysical Journal. 795 (1): 58. arXiv:1409.2518. Bibcode:2014ApJ...795...58L. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/795/1/58. ISSN 1538-4357.
  15. ^ Antón, S.; Browne, I. W. A.; Marchã, M. J. (2008-08-25). "The colour of the narrow line Sy1-blazar 0324+3410". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 490 (2): 583–587. arXiv:0907.2400. Bibcode:2008A&A...490..583A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078926. ISSN 0004-6361.
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