The 2004 Summer Paralympics, officially known as the Games of the XII Paralympics, were a international summer multi-parasport event for athletes with disabilities governed by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) held in Athens, Greece from 17 to 28 September 2004.[1][2] Greece hosted a Paralympic Games for the first time,[3] and it was also the 12th Paralympic Games in history.[4] A total of 3,806 athletes representing 136 National Paralympic Committees (NPC) participated,[5] and 17 NPCs made their Paralympic debuts in Athens.[6] The Games featured 519 events in 19 sports across 20 disciplines,[7] including the Paralympic debut of football 5-a-side.[6]
| 2004 Summer Paralympics medals | |
|---|---|
| Location | Athens,  Greece |
| Highlights | |
| Most gold medals |  China (63) |
| Most total medals | China (141) |
Athletes from 75 countries had won at least one medal, leaving 61 nations without a medal.[8] Angola,[9] Azerbaijan,[10] Bosnia and Herzegovina,[11] Botswana,[12] Cyprus,[13] Iraq,[14] Latvia,[15] Morocco,[16] Serbia and Montenegro,[17] and Turkey won their nation's first Paralympic gold medals.[18] They were also the first Paralympic medals of any kind for Angola,[9] Botswana,[12] Cyprus,[13] Macedonia,[19] Rwanda,[6] Serbia and Montenegro,[17] and Turkey.[18] The official medal was created and cut by designer Konstantinos Kazakos.[4][20] It features an engraving of the Parthenon on top of the Acropolis as well as the Games' name in Greek above it. The reverse face shows the Games' logo above its name. Below that are three Tae-Geuks as well as the phrase "Athens 2004" in braille.[21]
China led the medal table both in number of gold medals won and in overall medals, with 63 and 141 respectively.[8] It was the first time that the nation led the medal count in overall medals won.[22] Among individual participants, Japan's Mayumi Narita and the United States's Erin Popovich won the most gold medals at the Games with seven each in swimming.[23][24] Canada's Stephanie Dixon (one gold, six silver and one bronze), Belarus's Raman Makarau (three gold, three silver and two bronze) and Narita (seven gold and one bronze) won the most overall medals at the Games with eight each in total.[23]
Medal table
editThe ranking in this table is based on information provided by the IPC and is consistent with IPC convention in its published medal tables. By default, the table is ordered by the number of gold medals the athletes from a nation have won (in this context, a "nation" is an entity represented by a National Paralympic Committee). The number of silver medals is next considered, followed by the number of bronze medals. If nations remain tied, they are ranked equally and listed alphabetically by IPC country code.[25]
In the mixed dressage championship Grade II Individual event, there was a tie for third place which resulted in two bronze medals being issued.[26] In the women's table tennis class 1–3 team competition, only a gold medal was awarded to the winning team.[27]
- Key
‡ Changes in medal standings (see below)
* Host nation (Greece)
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | China (CHN)‡ | 63 | 46 | 32 | 141 |
| 2 |  Great Britain (GBR) | 35 | 30 | 29 | 94 |
| 3 |  Canada (CAN) | 28 | 19 | 25 | 72 |
| 4 |  United States (USA) | 27 | 22 | 39 | 88 |
| 5 |  Australia (AUS)‡ | 26 | 39 | 36 | 101 |
| 6 |  Ukraine (UKR) | 24 | 12 | 19 | 55 |
| 7 |  Spain (ESP) | 20 | 27 | 24 | 71 |
| 8 |  Germany (GER) | 19 | 28 | 31 | 78 |
| 9 |  France (FRA) | 18 | 26 | 30 | 74 |
| 10 |  Japan (JPN)‡ | 17 | 15 | 20 | 52 |
| 11 |  Russia (RUS) | 16 | 8 | 17 | 41 |
| 12 |  Czech Republic (CZE) | 16 | 8 | 7 | 31 |
| 13 |  South Africa (RSA) | 15 | 13 | 7 | 35 |
| 14 |  Brazil (BRA) | 14 | 12 | 7 | 33 |
| 15 |  Mexico (MEX) | 14 | 10 | 10 | 34 |
| 16 |  South Korea (KOR) | 11 | 11 | 6 | 28 |
| 17 |  Hong Kong (HKG) | 11 | 7 | 1 | 19 |
| 18 |  Poland (POL) | 10 | 25 | 19 | 54 |
| 19 |  Belarus (BLR) | 10 | 12 | 7 | 29 |
| 20 |  Austria (AUT)‡ | 8 | 10 | 4 | 22 |
| 21 |  Sweden (SWE) | 8 | 7 | 6 | 21 |
| 22 |  Tunisia (TUN) | 8 | 7 | 3 | 18 |
| 23 |  Iran (IRI) | 7 | 3 | 13 | 23 |
| 24 |  Egypt (EGY) | 6 | 9 | 8 | 23 |
| 25 |  Algeria (ALG) | 6 | 2 | 5 | 13 |
| 26 |  New Zealand (NZL) | 6 | 1 | 3 | 10 |
| 27 |  Netherlands (NED)‡ | 5 | 12 | 12 | 29 |
| 28 |  Nigeria (NGR) | 5 | 4 | 3 | 12 |
| 29 |  Denmark (DEN) | 5 | 3 | 7 | 15 |
| 30 |  Slovakia (SVK) | 5 | 3 | 4 | 12 |
| 31 |  Italy (ITA) | 4 | 8 | 7 | 19 |
| 32 |  Israel (ISR) | 4 | 4 | 5 | 13 |
| 33 |  Finland (FIN) | 4 | 1 | 3 | 8 |
| 34 | Greece (GRE)* | 3 | 13 | 4 | 20 |
| 35 |  Thailand (THA) | 3 | 6 | 6 | 15 |
| 36 |  Belgium (BEL) | 3 | 2 | 2 | 7 |
| 37 |  Kenya (KEN) | 3 | 1 | 3 | 7 |
| 38 |  Norway (NOR) | 3 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
| 39 |  Angola (ANG) | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| 40 |  Switzerland (SUI) | 2 | 6 | 8 | 16 |
| 41 |  Portugal (POR) | 2 | 5 | 5 | 12 |
| 42 |  Morocco (MAR) | 2 | 4 | 0 | 6 |
| 43 |  Cuba (CUB)‡ | 2 | 2 | 7 | 11 |
| 44 |  Chinese Taipei (TPE) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 |
| 45 |  Azerbaijan (AZE) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| 46 |  Hungary (HUN)‡ | 1 | 8 | 10 | 19 |
| 47 |  Iceland (ISL) | 1 | 3 | 0 | 4 |
| 48 |  Kuwait (KUW) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 |
| 49 |  Slovenia (SLO)‡ | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 |
| 50 |  Lithuania (LTU) | 1 | 1 | 5 | 7 |
| 51 |  United Arab Emirates (UAE) | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| 52 |  Latvia (LAT) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| 53 |  India (IND)‡ | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
 Iraq (IRQ)‡ | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | |
 Jamaica (JAM) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | |
 Turkey (TUR) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | |
| 57 |  Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIH) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 Botswana (BOT) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
 Cyprus (CYP) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
 Zimbabwe (ZIM) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| 61 |  Ireland (IRL) | 0 | 3 | 1 | 4 |
| 62 |  Argentina (ARG) | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| 63 |  Venezuela (VEN) | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 64 |  Jordan (JOR) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
 Palestine (PLE) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
| 66 |  Bahrain (BRN) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
 Estonia (EST) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
 Macedonia (MKD) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
 Panama (PAN) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| 70 |  Croatia (CRO) | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| 71 |  Peru (PER) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
 Serbia and Montenegro (SCG) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | |
| 73 |  Faroe Islands (FRO) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
 Puerto Rico (PUR) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
 Rwanda (RWA) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| Totals (75 entries) | 520 | 517 | 532 | 1,569 | |
Changes in medal standings
edit| Ruling date | Event | Athlete (NPC) | 
|
|
|
Net change | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 24 September 2004 | Judo, men's 60kg | Sergio Arturo Perez (CUB) DSQ
|
−1 | −1 | On 24 September 2004, Cuban judo competitor Sergio Arturo Perez tested positive for the anti-inflammatory agent and banned substance prednisolone. Perez forfeited the gold medal he won in the men's 60kg judo competition.[28] | ||
| 26 September 2004 | Powerlifting, men's 56kg |  Youssef Cheikh Younes (SYR) DSQ
|
−1 | −1 | Youssef Cheikh Younes of Syria was stripped of his bronze medal in the men's 56kg powerlifting event after testing positive for the banned anabolic agents nandrolone and stanozolol.[29] | ||
| Rajinder Singh Rahelu (IND)
|
+1 | +1 | |||||
| Powerlifting, Men's 60 kg | Ali Hosseini (IRN) DSQ
|
−1 | −1 | Ali Hosseini of Iran tested positive for the banned anabolic agent metandienone and was stripped of the bronze medal he won in the men's 60 kg powerlifting competition.[29] | |||
| Yu Jian (CHN)
|
+1 | +1 | |||||
| Cycling, Men's sprint tandem B1-3 | Vladislav Janovjak (SLO) DSQ
|
−1 | −1 | Slovakia's Juraj Petrovic and visually-impaired cyclist Vladislav Janovjak lost the silver medal they won at the men's sprint tandem B1-3 cycling event after Petrovic tested positive for the banned glucocorticosteroid, methylprednisolone.[29][30] | |||
| Juraj Petrovic (SLO) DSQ
|
−1 | −1 | |||||
| Shigeo Yoshihara (JPN)
|
+1 | –1 | 0 | ||||
| Takuya Oki (JPN)
|
+1 | –1 | 0 | ||||
| Anthony Biddle (AUS)
|
+1 | +1 | |||||
| Kial Stewart (AUS)
|
+1 | +1 | |||||
| 15 November 2004 | Men's shot put F36 | Wolfgang Dubin (AUT) DSQ
|
−1 | −1 | Wolfgang Dubin of Austria was stripped of his silver medal in the men's shot put F36 event after testing positive for the banned stimulant propylhexedrine.[31] | ||
| Willem Noorduin (NED)
|
+1 | –1 | 0 | ||||
| Nicholas Larionow (AUS)
|
+1 | +1 | |||||
| Powerlifting, Men's +100 kg | Seyed Habibollah Mousavi (IRN) DSQ
|
−1 | −1 | Seyed Habibollah Mousavi of Iran tested positive for the banned anabolic agent metandienone and was stripped of his gold medal in the men's +100 kg powerlifting event.[31] | |||
| Faris Abed (IRQ)
|
+1 | –1 | 0 | ||||
| Darren Gardiner (AUS)
|
+1 | –1 | 0 | ||||
| Csaba Szavai (HUN)
|
+1 | +1 |
| NOC | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Net change |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iran (IRN)
|
−1 | 0 | −1 | −2 |
| Slovenia (SLO)
|
0 | −2 | 0 | −2 |
| Cuba (CUB)
|
−1 | 0 | 0 | −1 |
| Austria (AUT)
|
0 | −1 | 0 | −1 |
| Syria (SYR)
|
0 | 0 | −1 | −1 |
| Iraq (IRQ)
|
+1 | –1 | 0 | 0 |
| Japan (JPN)
|
0 | +2 | –2 | 0 |
| Netherlands (NED)
|
0 | +1 | –1 | 0 |
| China (CHN)
|
0 | 0 | +1 | +1 |
| Hungary (HUN)
|
0 | 0 | +1 | +1 |
| India (IND)
|
0 | 0 | +1 | +1 |
| Australia (AUS)
|
0 | +1 | +2 | +3 |
See also
editReferences
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- ^ Kleinman, Stella (3 September 2024). "Paralympic Games". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 4 September 2024.
- ^ "Athens Paralympics Ends with China on Top". China Internet Information Center. China Radio International. 29 September 2004. Retrieved 5 September 2024.
- ^ a b "Bits & Pieces: 12th Paralympic Games Medal and Mascot". Palaestra. 19 (4): 43–45. Fall 2003. ProQuest 213232872.
- ^ Tsitsimpikou, Christina; Jamurtas, Athanasios; Duncan Finch, Kenneth; Papalexis, Petros; Tsarouhas, Konstantinos (2 September 2009). "Medication use by athletes during the Athens 2004 Paralympic Games" (PDF). British Journal of Sports Medicine. 43: 1062–1066. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2009.062521.
- ^ a b c Craft, Diane; Hudson, Susan; Rich, Sarah; Hadjisavvas, Andreas (Fall 2004). "The Greek Gods Would be Pleased-The 2004 Summer Paralympics Revisited". Palaestra. 20 (4): 20–36, 38–46. ProQuest 213175328.
- ^ "Athens 2004 Paralympic Games - Medal Table". IPC Historical Results Archive. Retrieved 5 September 2024.
- ^ a b c "Paralympics medal table". BBC Sport. 18 September 2004. Archived from the original on 8 March 2008. Retrieved 3 September 2024.
- ^ a b Cristóvão, António (11 November 2018). "Velocista José Sayovo é expoente da superação" [Sprinter José Sayovo is an exponent of overcoming]. Jornal de Angola (in Portuguese). p. 32. Retrieved 4 September 2024 – via PressReader.
- ^ Mackay, Duncan (1 October 2013). "Azerbaijan set up children's Paralympic Movement as part of new strategy". Inside the Games. Retrieved 3 September 2024.
- ^ "Sailing Volleyball". The Times. 26 August 2011. Retrieved 3 September 2024.
- ^ a b Molwane, Tshepo (4 October 2004). "Botswana: On the World Stage". Mmegi. Retrieved 3 September 2024 – via AllAfrica.
- ^ a b "Pelendritou Karolina". Paris 2024 Paralympics. Retrieved 3 September 2024.
- ^ "Iraq at the Rio 2016 Paralympics". International Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 4 September 2024.
- ^ Straumanis, Andris (22 September 2004). "Latvian earns gold in Paralympic Games". Latvians Online. Retrieved 3 September 2024.
- ^ "Paralympiques-2004 (1.500m t11) : le titre pour Mustapha Aouzri" [Paralympics-2004 (1,500m t11): the title for Mustapha Aouzri]. Le Matin (in French). 23 September 2004. Retrieved 4 September 2024.
- ^ a b "Serbia and Montenegro at the Paralympic Games". International Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 4 September 2024.
- ^ a b "Türkiye'nin Paralimpik başarısı!" [Türkiye won 38 medals in the history of the Paralympic Games]. Yeni Giresun (in Turkish). 26 August 2024. Retrieved 4 September 2024.
- ^ Mihajlov, Zoran (11 September 2023). "Параолимпиското сребро и европското злато за вечно паметење" [Paralympic silver and European gold to remember forever]. Nova Makedonija (in Macedonian). Retrieved 3 September 2024.
- ^ "Olympic Medals Now Being Struck". World Sailing. 22 July 2004. Retrieved 5 September 2024.
- ^ "Athens 2004 Paralympic Medals". International Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 4 September 2024.
- ^ White, Jonathan (6 September 2021). "Tokyo 2020: China continues Paralympics dominance topping medal tally for fifth Games in a row". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 5 September 2024. Retrieved 5 September 2024.
- ^ a b "Results Archive – Athens 2004 – Multimedallists". International Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 4 September 2024.
- ^ "Paralympic Games — Record-Breaking Results". Ability. February 2005. Retrieved 4 September 2024.
- ^ "Athens 2004". Paralympics New Zealand. Retrieved 4 September 2024.
- ^ "Results Archive – Athens 2004 – Equestrian – Mixed Dressage Championship Grade Ii". International Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 4 September 2024.
- ^ "Athens 2004 Paralympic Games – Table Tennis – Women's Teams 1–3". International Paralympic Committee. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 4 September 2024.
- ^ "Substance not a performance enhancer in judo". ESPN. Associated Press. Retrieved 4 September 2024.
- ^ a b c "Four Further Adverse Analytical Findings". International Paralympic Committee. 26 September 2004. Archived from the original on 27 September 2004. Retrieved 4 September 2024.
- ^ "Athletes stripped of medals". BBC Sport. 26 September 2004. Retrieved 4 September 2024.
- ^ a b "Further Adverse Analytical Findings from Athens Confirmed". International Paralympic Committee. 15 November 2004. Archived from the original on 16 July 2012. Retrieved 4 September 2024.