When a work's copyright expires, it enters the public domain. The following is a list of works that entered the public domain in 2006. Since laws vary globally, the copyright status of some works are not uniform.

Entered the public domain in countries with life + 70 years

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With the exception of Belarus (Life + 50 years) and Spain (Life + 80 years for creators that died before 1987), a work enters the public domain in Europe 70 years after the creator's death, if it was published during the creator's lifetime.[1][2] The list is sorted alphabetically and includes a notable work of the creator that entered the public domain on January 1, 2006.

Names Country Birth Death Occupation Notable work
Lewis Grassic Gibbon   United Kingdom 13 February 1901 7 February 1935 novelist. A Scots Quair, Spartacus
Ioan Bianu   Romania 1856 13 February 1935 philologist and bibliographer. Bibliografia Românească veche (1508–1830), Catalogul manuscriselor românești din Biblioteca Academiei
Vernon Lee   United Kingdom 14 October 1856 13 February 1935 writer of supernatural fiction, essayist on aesthetics. Studies of the Eighteenth Century in Italy, Euphorion: Being Studies of the Antique and the Mediaeval in the Renaissance
Tsubouchi Shōyō   Japan 22 May 1859 28 February 1935 playwright, novelist, translator Kiri Hitoha (A Paulownia Leaf), Hototogisu Kojō no Rakugetsu (The Sinking Moon over the Lonely Castle Where the Cuckoo Cries)
Edwin Arlington Robinson   United States 22 December 1869 6 April 1935 playwright, poet Children of The Night, The Man Who Died Twice
Anna Katharine Green   United States 11 November 1846 11 April 1935 detective novelist, poet The Leavenworth Case, Marked "Personal"
Panait Istrati   Romania 10 August 1884 16 April 1935 short story writer Les Récits d'Adrien Zograffi (The Stories of Adrian Zografi), Adolescence d'Adrien Zograffi (Adolescence of Adrian Zografi)
T. E. Lawrence   United Kingdom 16 August 1888 19 May 1935 autobiographer Seven Pillars of Wisdom, The Mint
Kaitarō Hasegawa   Japan 17 January 1900 29 June 1935 novelist, translator Jappu shobai orai (A Jap Businessman's Guide), Tange Sazen
George William Russell   Ireland 10 April 1867 17 July 1935 poet, painter, literary critic, writer on mysticism Candle of Vision: Autobiography of a Mystic, The National Being: Some Thoughts on an Irish Polity
William Watson   United Kingdom 2 August 1858 11 August 1935 poet The Purple East: A Series Of Sonnets On England's Desertion of Armenia, The Superhuman Antagonists and Other Poems
Charlotte Perkins Gilman   United States 3 July 1860 17 August 1935 novelist, short story writer, magazine editor The Yellow Wallpaper, Herland
Henri Barbusse   France 17 May 1873 30 August 1935 novelist, short story writer, poet Under Fire, Hell
Iván Persa   Slovenia 2 April 1861 26 September 1935 religious writer Od vnouge i velke miloscse i pomoucsi szvétoga skapulera
Winifred Holtby   United Kingdom 2 April 1898 29 September 1935 novelist, poet, non-fiction writer South Riding, Women and a changing civilization
Steele Rudd   Australia 14 November 1868 11 October 1935 short story writer, novelist On Our Selection, The Romance of Runnibede
Ella Loraine Dorsey   United States 2 March 1853 3 November 1935 writer of young adult fiction, translator, encyclopedia contributor The Knickerbocker Ghost, The Tsar's Horses
Mary R. P. Hatch   United States 19 June 1848 28 November 1935 novelist, poet The Upland mystery : a tragedy of New England, The bank tragedy : a novel
Louise Manning Hodgkins   United States 5 August 1846 28 November 1935 educational writer, editor, historian on religious history A Guide to the study of nineteenth century authors, Via Christi : an introduction to the study of missions
Mary G. Charlton Edholm   United States 28 October 1854 29 November 1935 journalist, editor, non-fiction writer on sex trafficking The Traffic in Girls and Florence Crittenton Missions, Shall our Women Vote?
Fernando Pessoa   Portugal 13 June 1888 30 November 1935 poet, literary critic, translator, philosopher Mensagem, The Book of Disquiet
Stanley G. Weinbaum   United States 4 April 1902 14 December 1935 science fiction writer A Martian Odyssey, Valley of Dreams
Lizette Woodworth Reese   United States 9 January 1856 17 December 1935 poet A Victorian Village: Reminiscences of Other Days, The Old House in the Country
Kurt Tucholsky   Germany 9 January 1890 21 December 1935 political writer, satirist, essayist Rheinsberg, Schloss Gripsholm
Clarence Day   United States 18 November 1874 28 December 1935 comic writer, cartoonist Life with Father, God and my Father

Entered the public domain in countries with life + 50 years

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In most countries of Africa and Asia, as well as Belarus, Bolivia, Canada, New Zealand, Egypt and Uruguay; a work enters the public domain 50 years after the creator's death.

Names Country Birth Death Occupation Notable work
Saadat Hasan Manto   Pakistan 11 May 1912 18 January 1955 playwright, novelist, short story writer, essayist Toba Tek Singh, Thanda Gosht
Robert P. T. Coffin   United States 18 March 1892 20 January 1955 poet, literary critic, editor The Dukes of Buckingham, Playboys of the Stuart World, Red Sky in the Morning
Paul Claudel   France 6 August 1868 23 February 1955 poet, dramatist The Satin Slipper, Jeanne d'Arc au bûcher
Pierre Teilhard de Chardin   France 1 May 1881 10 April 1955 paleontologist, philosopher, theologian The Phenomenon of Man, Writings in Time of War
James Agee   United States 27 November 1909 16 May 1955 novelist, screenwriter, film critic A Death in the Family, Let Us Now Praise Famous Men
Joseph Jefferson Farjeon   United Kingdom 4 June 1883 6 June 1955 crime novelist, mystery writer, playwright, screenwriter Number 17, The Z Murders
Constance Holme   United Kingdom 7 October 1880 17 June 1955 novelist, playwright The Old Road from Spain, The Wisdom of the Simple and Other Stories
Adrienne Monnier   France 26 April 1892 19 June 1955 modernist writer, publisher, translator Souvenirs de Londres (Memories of London), Rue de l'Odéon
Roger Mais   Jamaica 11 August 1905 21 June 1955 novelist, short story writer, poet, playwright The Hills Were Joyful Together, Brother Man
Gilbert Cannan   United Kingdom 25 June 1884 30 June 1955 novelist, dramatist The Release of the Soul, Windmills: A Book of Fables
Beatrice Chase   United Kingdom 5 July 1874 3 July 1955 novelist, religious writer, photographer The Voice of the River, The Heart of the Moor
Charles Shaw   Australia 10 August 1900 1 August 1955 detective novelist, short story writer Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison, You're Wrong, Delaney
Wallace Stevens   United States 2 October 1879 2 August 1955 modernist poet Harmonium, The Man with the Blue Guitar
Thomas Mann   Germany 6 June 1875 12 August 1955 novelist, short story writer, essayist Buddenbrooks, Doctor Faustus
Herbert Putnam   United States 20 September 1861 14 August 1955 librarian Putnam Classification System
Hong Shen   China 31 December 1894 29 August 1955 playwright, film director, screenwriter, drama theorist Yama Zhao, The Young Mistress's Fan
Mary Tracy Earle   United States 21 October 1864 7 September 1955 short story writer, essayist, librarian The Wonderful Wheel, Through Old Rose Glasses
Robert Riskin   United States 30 March 1897 20 September 1955 playwright, screenwriter Bless You, Sister, Many a Slip
José Ortega y Gasset   Spain 9 May 1883 18 October 1955 philosopher, essayist The Revolt of the Masses, The Dehumanization of Art and Other Essays on Art, Culture, and Literature
Dale Carnegie   United States 24 November 1888 18 October 1955 writer on self-help How to Win Friends and Influence People, How to Stop Worrying and Start Living
Tin Ujević   Croatia 5 July 1891 12 November 1955 poet, essayist Mrsko Ja (Hateful Me), Ispit savjesti (Examination of Conscience)
Ruby M. Ayres   United Kingdom 28 January 1881 14 November 1955 romance novelist, screenwriter Richard Chatterton, V.C., Castles in Spain
Robert E. Sherwood   United States 4 April 1896 14 November 1955 playwright, screenwriter Waterloo Bridge, Idiot's Delight
Al. T. Stamatiad   Romania 9 May 1885 December 1955 Symbolist poet, short story writer, dramatist, translator Noapte, (Night), Cetatea cu porțile închise

Entering the public domain in the United States

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In the United States, the copyright status of works extends for the life of the author or artists, plus 70 years.[3][4] If the work is owned by a corporation, then the copyright extends 95 years.[5]

Due to the passing of the Copyright Term Extension Act (Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act) in 1998, no new works would enter the public domain in this jurisdiction until 2019.[6]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "EU Extends Copyright Term To 70 Years | Billboard". Billboard.biz. 2011-09-12. Archived from the original on 2013-01-06. Retrieved 2014-01-07.
  2. ^ Directive 2006/116/EC
  3. ^ "What Could Have Entered the Public Domain | Duke University School of Law".
  4. ^ "S.505 - One Hundred Fifth Congress of the United States of America at the Session Session. An act to amend the provisions of title 17, United States Code, with respect to the duration of copyright, and for other purposes" (PDF). U.S. Copyright Office.
  5. ^ "Copyright Term and the Public Domain in the United States | Copyright Information Center".
  6. ^ "United States Copyright Law". Archived from the original on 2014-08-01. Retrieved 2012-06-02.