Wikipedia

2007 Nevelsk earthquake

The 2007 Nevelsk earthquake affected southern Sakhalin and generated a tsunami along its coast. The Mw 6.2 shock occurred at 10 km (6.2 mi) depth some 20 km (12 mi) off the coast of Kholmsk at 13:37 local time on 2 August. It was caused by reverse faulting on a north–south striking and west dipping fault. More than 1,800 aftershocks were recorded by the end of the year. At least four people died and at least 12 were injured. It rendered 250 buildings uninhabitable due to their severety of damage and left 8,000 people homeless. Three tsunami waves struck the island's coast with a maximum height of 3.2 m (10 ft), and small waves were observed in Hokkaido; no damage occurred.

2007 Nevelsk earthquake
2007 Nevelsk earthquake is located in Far Eastern Federal District
2007 Nevelsk earthquake
UTC time2007-08-02 02:37:42
ISC event13199707
USGS-ANSSComCat
Local date2 August 2007 (2007-08-02)
Local time13:37
MagnitudeMw 6.2[1]
Depth10 km (6.2 mi)
Epicenter46°52′08″N 142°00′58″E / 46.869°N 142.016°E / 46.869; 142.016
Max. intensityMSK-64 VIII (Damaging)
Tsunami3.2 m (10 ft)
Casualties4 dead, 12 injured, 8,000 homeless

Earthquake

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Strong ground motion map

The Mw  6.2 earthquake occurred within the West Sakhalin Fault System.[2] It was the largest recorded earthquake in the island's southern area since a Ms 7.5 earthquake in 1971.[3] The mainshock and its aftershocks were caused by predominantly reverse faulting with minor component of strike-slip.[4][5] Rupture during the mainshock occurred across a 35 km (22 mi) by 15 km (9.3 mi) area along an approximately north–south trending fault, producing displacements of up to 3 m (9.8 ft).[6] The faults activated during the sequence dipped to the west at 38–40 degrees.[4]

Tectonic setting

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Sakhalin is situated at the boundary of the Eurasian and North American plates where oblique convergence occur. In the southern part of the island, the estimated convergence rate is 7.5 mm (0.30 in) per year. Three major fault systems run through the island; the Rebun–Moneron, Western and Central Sakhalin systems.[7] The West Sakhalin Fault System is seismically active with earthquakes recorded in 1907 (Muk 6.5), 1924 (Muk  6.9) and 2000 (Mw 6.8) around central Sakhalin.[2] However, its southern part has not experienced seismicity exceeding magnitude 5.0 prior to 17 August 2006 when a Mw  5.6 earthquake struck Gornozavodsk.[7]

Aftershocks

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The largest aftershock, measuring 6.0 on the Russian local magnitude scale (MLH) occurred at 16:22. That same day, two additional aftershocks exceeded MLH  5.0. By the end of 2007, at least 1,809 aftershocks were recorded, including 1,350 which occurred within eight days of the mainshock. The mainshock illuminated an area trending north-northwest–south-southeast with aftershocks. This area was 25 km (16 mi) along its strike and 12 km (7.5 mi) across. It was located north of another north–south trending aftershock zone that formed after the largest aftershock, spanning 15 km (9.3 mi).[4] An aftershock on 5 August injured two people and destroyed additional buildings.[8]

Impact

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A maximum intensity of VII–VIII on the Medvedev–Sponheuer–Karnik scale was assigned in Nevelsk, where damage to buildings was severe. The earthquake was assigned VI–VII occurred in Gornozavodsk and V–VI in Kholmsk. In Nevelsk, the House of Culture and several school facilities were damaged.[9] The shock knocked out power and water services in the town.[10] A partial collapse of the cultural house killed its director;[11][9] another person also died from a heart attack,[12] two more people died while hospitalised.[13] Twelve people were injured including two who were airlifted to Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk for treatment; another 8,000 people were homeless.[8][14] Medical experts from the Sakhalin Disaster Medicine Center also flew into the town to treat the injured. Many homes were cracked, sustained roof damage and their stairwells collapsed.[15] In Gornozavodsk, a boarding school and water services building were damaged, and students were moved into tents.[16] By 3 September, 250 buildings were scheduled to be torn down due to the severity of damage and some buildings collapsed. Sakhalin Governor Alexander Khoroshavin estimated the damage at over ₽11 billion.[14] The demolition work initiated on 6 August.[17]

Tsunami

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The earthquake generated three non-destructive tsunami waves in Sakhalin that were unusually large for its magnitude. Seven minutes after the mainshock, a tide gauge at the Kholmsk harbor recorded the sea level rising and a 0.2 m (7.9 in) wave.[6] Residents of the town observed as the sea level rose by over 0.5 m (1 ft 8 in), causing boats to rise and fall gently. The tsunami attained a maximum height of 3.2 m (10 ft) at the mouth of the Asanai River, near the village of Zavety Il’icha in the northern part of Nevelsky District. Prior to these observations, a strong ebb tide occurred at the coast. At the Yasnomorka River mouth, the tsunami was 1.8 m (5 ft 11 in). The large tsunami observation around Nevelsk may have been due to seafloor uplift with measured uplift of 0.5–1.5 m (1 ft 8 in – 4 ft 11 in) along 10 km (6.2 mi) of the shoreline.[4] A 0.2 m (7.9 in) wave was recorded in Rumoi, Hokkaido, 86 minutes after the earthquake, and 30 minutes after that observation, a 0.3 m (1 ft 0 in) wave struck Wakkanai.[18] The Japan Meteorological Agency issued a tsunami warning for three hours following the shock.[12]

Response

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Ten hours after the earthquake, all of Nevelsk's 25,000 residents were evacuated to tent cities or evacuation centers.[11] Over 60 rescuers arrived in Nevelsk to raise shelters for residents whose homes were damaged. Two schools also served as refuge centers.[12] Sakhalin was declared a state of emergency by its administrative department.[19] Under president Vladimir Putin's order, emergency situations minister Sergei Shoigu visited the affected area to assist the homeless.[20] Fifty law enforcement officers from Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk also arrived in the town to prevent looting.[13] At least 834 emergency personnel and 53 equipment were involved in the emergency effort.[21] According to the town's mayor, Vladimir Pak, the federal and regional governments handled the rebuilding process.[13] Vladimir Yakovlev, the regional development minster, estimated the cost of reconstruction work at ₽4.5–5 billion.[21]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ ISC (2022), ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1904–2018), Version 9.1, International Seismological Centre, archived from the original on 2016-11-25, retrieved 2023-01-11
  2. ^ a b Kim, Ch. U.; Mikhailov, V. I.; Sen, R. S.; Semenova, Ye. P. (2009). "The August 2, 2007, Nevelsk earthquake: Instrumental data analysis". Russian Journal of Pacific Geology. 3 (5): 412–423. Bibcode:2009RuJPG...3..412K. doi:10.1134/S1819714009050029.
  3. ^ Tikhonov, I. N.; Mikhaylov, V. I.; Malyshev, A. I. (2017). "Modeling the Southern Sakhalin earthquake sequences preceding strong shocks for short-term prediction of their origin time". Russian Journal of Pacific Geology. 11 (1): 1–10. Bibcode:2017RuJPG..11....1T. doi:10.1134/S1819714017010092.
  4. ^ a b c d Konovalov, A. V.; Nagornykh, T. V.; Safonov, D. A.; Lomtev, V. L. (2015). "Nevelsk earthquakes of August 2, 2007 and seismic setting in the southeastern margin of Sakhalin Island". Russian Journal of Pacific Geology. 9 (6): 451–466. Bibcode:2015RuJPG...9..451K. doi:10.1134/S1819714015060056.
  5. ^ ANSS. "M 6.2 – 20 km WSW of Yablochnyy, Russia 2007". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  6. ^ a b Zaitsev, A. I.; Kovalev, D. P.; Kurkin, A. A.; Levin, B. V.; Pelinovskii, E. N.; Chernov, A. G.; Yalciner, A. (2009). "The tsunami on Sakhalin on August 2, 2007: Mareograph evidence and numerical simulation". Russian Journal of Pacific Geology. 3 (5): 437–442. Bibcode:2009RuJPG...3..437Z. doi:10.1134/S1819714009050054.
  7. ^ a b Tikhonov, Ivan N.; Kim, Chun U. (2010). "Confirmed prediction of the 2 August 2007 MW 6.2 Nevelsk earthquake (Sakhalin Island, Russia)". Tectonophysics. 485 (1–4): 85–93. Bibcode:2010Tectp.485...85T. doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2009.12.002.
  8. ^ a b "V rayone Nevel'ska zafiksirovany 10 povtornykh podzemnykh tolchkov za sutki" V rayone Nevel'ska zaфиксированы 10 povtornykh podzemnykh tolchkov za sutki [10 aftershocks recorded in Nevelsk area in 24 hours]. NEWSru (in Russian). 8 August 2007. Retrieved 28 October 2024.
  9. ^ a b Koff, G. L.; Ivanova, A. M.; Kondrat’eva, M. A.; Chesnokova, I. V.; Un, Kim Chun; Mun, Ten Su; Malakhovskii, A. A. (2010). "Nevelsk Earthquakes on Sakhalin Island on August 17, 2006 and August 2, 2007: the Results of a Field Macroseismic Survey of the Objects". Seismic Instruments. 46 (4): 325–340. Bibcode:2010SeisI..46..325K. doi:10.3103/S074792391004002X.
  10. ^ "Zemletryasenie na Sakhaline privelo k chrezvychaynoy situatsii v Nevel'ske" Землетрясение на Сахалине привело к чрезвычайной ситуации в Невельске [Earthquake in Sakhalin leads to emergency situation in Nevelsk]. Izvestia (in Russian). 2 August 2007. Retrieved 28 October 2024.
  11. ^ a b Petrova, Victoria (2 August 2007). "Sakhalin razryazhayetsya" Сахалин разряжается [Sakhalin is running low]. Gazeta.Ru. Retrieved 26 October 2024.
  12. ^ a b c "Earthquake hits small Russian town, killing 2". Kyiv Post. Associated Press. 2 August 2007. Retrieved 26 October 2024.
  13. ^ a b c Kamalakaran, Ajay (3 September 2007). "Russia quake victims set up home in their garages". Reuters. Retrieved 26 October 2024.
  14. ^ a b "Summa ushcherba ot zemletryaseniya v Nevel'ske sostavila boleye 11 milliardov rubley" Сумма ущерба от землетрясения в Невельске составила более 11 миллиардов рублей [The amount of damage from the earthquake in Nevelsk amounted to more than 11 billion rubles]. RIA Novosti (in Russian). 10 October 2007. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 26 October 2024.
  15. ^ Kommersant-Yarmoshevich, Roman (3 August 2007). "Nevel'sk potryaslo na shest' ballov" Невельск потрясло на шесть баллов [Nevelsk was shocked by six points]. Kommersant (in Russian). Retrieved 26 October 2024.
  16. ^ "Pri zemletryasenii na Sakhaline postradala shkola-internat v Gornozavodske" При землетрясении на Сахалине пострадала школа-интернат в Горнозаводске [A boarding school in Gornozavodsk was damaged in the earthquake on Sakhalin]. RIA Novosti (in Russian). 10 October 2007. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 26 October 2024.
  17. ^ "V Nevel'ske nachalsya snos povrezhdennykh zemletryaseniyem domov" В Невельске начался снос поврежденных землетрясением домов [Demolition of earthquake-damaged houses has begun in Nevelsk]. Gazeta.Ru (in Russian). 6 August 2007. Retrieved 28 October 2024.
  18. ^ National Geophysical Data Center. "Tsunami Event Information". National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5PN93H7. doi:10.7289/V5PN93H7. Retrieved 26 October 2024.
  19. ^ "Na Sakhaline zemletryaseniye ubivayet lyudey" На Сахалине землетрясение убивает людей [An earthquake kills people on Sakhalin]. Pravda (in Russian). 2 August 2007. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 26 October 2024.
  20. ^ Kamalakaran, Ajay (10 August 2007). "Earthquakes in Russia's Far East kill two". Reuters. Retrieved 26 October 2024.
  21. ^ a b "Boleye 3,5 tysyach kvartir v Nevel'ske ne podlezhat vosstanovleniyu" Более 3,5 тысяч квартир в Невельске не подлежат восстановлению [More than 3.5 thousand apartments in Nevelsk cannot be restored]. Belaya Kalitva (in Russian). 20 August 2007. Retrieved 26 October 2024.
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