The 2008 congressional elections in Louisiana to determine representation for the state of Louisiana in the United States House of Representatives occurred November 4, 2008. Louisiana has seven seats in the House, apportioned according to the 2000 United States census. Representatives are elected for two-year terms; those elected will serve in the 111th Congress from January 4, 2009, until January 3, 2011. The election coincided with the 2008 U.S. presidential election.
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All 7 Louisiana seats to the United States House of Representatives | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Unlike the 2006 elections, which were held under a jungle primary system, the 2008 elections used partisan primaries to decide general election nominees.[1] The primary elections were to be held September 6, 2008, but were rescheduled for October 3, 2008 due to storm damage following Hurricane Gustav. The necessary party runoffs were held on November 4, the same date as the presidential election. The general election for the House races was held December 6.[2][3]
Overview
edit| 2008 United States House of Representatives elections in Louisiana[4] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Votes | Percentage | Seats | +/– | |
| Republican | 594,306 | 56.81% | 6 | +2 | |
| Democratic | 398,474 | 38.09% | 1 | -2 | |
| Independents | 50,964 | 4.87% | 0 | - | |
| Green | 1,883 | 0.18% | 0 | - | |
| Libertarian | 549 | 0.05% | 0 | - | |
| Totals | 1,046,176 | 100.00% | 7 | — | |
District 1
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Republican incumbent Steve Scalise won against Democratic nominee Jim Harlan, a businessman. CQ Politics forecasted the race as 'Safe Republican'.
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Steve Scalise (incumbent) | 189,168 | 65.68 | |
| Democratic | Jim Harlan | 98,839 | 34.32 | |
| Total votes | 288,007 | 100.00 | ||
| Republican hold | ||||
District 2
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The district included nearly all of New Orleans and some of its suburbs, and is heavily Democratic: John Kerry won 75% of the vote here in 2004. CQ Politics forecasted the race as "Safe Democrat" for 9-term incumbent William Jefferson, but the Republican narrowly defeated him in an upset.
The primary runoff in this district was held on November 4 in place of the general election, with the general election moving to December 6.
The investigation began in mid-2005, after an investor alleged $400,000 in bribes were paid through a company maintained in the name of his spouse and children. The money came from a tech company named iGate, Inc. of Louisville, Kentucky, and in return, it is alleged, Jefferson would help iGate's business. Jefferson was to persuade the U.S. Army to test iGate's broadband two-way technology and other iGate products; use his efforts to influence high-ranking officials in Nigeria, Ghana, and Cameroon; and meet with personnel of the Export-Import Bank of the United States, in order to facilitate potential financing for iGate business deals in those countries.[5]
On July 30, 2005, Jefferson was videotaped by the FBI receiving $100,000 worth of $100 bills in a leather briefcase at the Ritz-Carlton hotel in Arlington, Virginia.[6] Jefferson told an investor, Lori Mody, who was wearing a wire, that he would need to give Nigerian Vice President Atiku Abubakar $500,000 "as a motivating factor" to make sure they obtained contracts for iGate and Mody's company in Nigeria.[7]
A few days later, on August 3, 2005, FBI agents raided Jefferson's home in Northeast Washington and, as noted in an 83-page affidavit filed to support a subsequent raid on his Congressional office, "found $90,000 of the cash in the freezer, in $10,000 increments wrapped in aluminum foil and stuffed inside frozen-food containers." Serial numbers found on the currency in the freezer matched serial numbers of funds given by the FBI to their informant.
Late on the night of May 20, 2006, FBI agents executed a search warrant[8] at Jefferson's office in the Rayburn House Office Building. This is "believed to be the first-ever FBI raid on a Congressional office,"[9] raising concerns that it could "set a dangerous precedent that could be used by future administrations to intimidate or harass a supposedly coequal branch of the government."[10]
The affidavit used to support these raids alleged:
- The FBI videotaped Jefferson receiving a stock certificate from Mody for a company set up in Nigeria to promote iGate's technology. Jefferson predicted the deal would generate $200 million annually after five years.
- Jefferson told Mody that he wanted a similar financial stake in the business in Ghana.
- Jefferson sought $10 million in financing from Mody to take over iGate and install "confidants" on the new board. In two payments, Mody wired $89,225 to the ANJ Group LLC, a company controlled by Jefferson's family.
- Jefferson lent $4,800 of the money Mody gave him to an unnamed congressional aide. Another $4,900 was given back to the FBI by one of Jefferson's attorneys.
- The FBI claims it has uncovered "at least seven other schemes in which Jefferson sought things of value in return for his official acts."
Incumbent U.S. Representative William J. Jefferson won the Democratic primaries in Fall 2008. Jefferson had weathered a major challenge in the 2006 Louisiana 2nd congressional district election, when voters had fresh on their minds allegations that the representative had inappropriately used the services of a Louisiana Army National Guard unit in accessing his house during the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina.[11]
By fall 2008 the incumbent faced longstanding federal charges of bribery involving Nigerian business interests and was perceived by some as vulnerable, with only 25 percent of Democrats voting for him in the first round of the 2008 Democratic primaries. Jefferson faced six African-American challengers along with newscaster Helena Moreno in the first primary, all of them clamoring for change from Louisiana's reputation for political corruption.[12] Jefferson defeated Moreno by 57 percent to 43 percent in a runoff which went largely along racial lines. Moreno later endorsed Cao in the general election. Cao, unopposed for the Republican nomination, was running against Jefferson, as were Green Party candidate Malik Rahim and Libertarian Party candidate Gregory Kahn.[13] An earlier candidate, independent Jerry Jacobs, had withdrawn.[14]
On November 30 the New Orleans Times-Picayune editorially endorsed Cao[15] while on the op-ed page its columnist James Gill asserted that Jefferson's reelection "is not going to happen."[16] The prospect of a serious general election in the majority African-American and heavily Democratic 2nd district was all the more startling in that the last Republican to represent the district was Hamilton D. Coleman, who left the office in 1891. According to the Los Angeles Times, Cao, if elected, would become the first individual of Vietnamese extraction to serve in the U.S. Congress.[17]
Cao's candidacy received the endorsement of the Alliance for Good Government,[18] the Family Research Council's Action PAC,[19] Louisiana Governor Bobby Jindal,[20] and even entertainer Pat Boone.[21] New Orleans Mayor Ray Nagin had announced his support for Jefferson during the Democratic primary elections. The New Orleans Gambit Weekly, citing its opposition to Jefferson's alleged corruption and Cao's noncommittal statements on embryonic stem-cell research, made no endorsement.[22]
The days before the December 6 election were characterized by what Jefferson's campaign called "overly negative" tactics undertaken on behalf of Cao's campaign by outside organizations such as the National Republican Congressional Committee. Besides references to Jefferson's removal from the House Ways and Means Committee by Democratic Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, the negative tactics included automated telephone calls from a woman identifying herself as "Katy" and citing incumbent Jefferson's federal indictment on 16 counts of corruption. In a meeting of African-American ministers, the Reverend Samuel Butler said that the real reason for the negative campaign tactics was to disenfranchise African-American voters, which prompted Cao advisor and former New Orleans City Council member Bryan Wagner to assert that, "with Rev. Butler's imagination, he may want to go to work for Walt Disney."[23]
On December 6, the Times-Picayune reiterated its endorsement of Cao, this time pointing to President-Elect Barack Obama's efforts on behalf of Democrat Paul Carmouche in the simultaneous election in Louisiana's 4th congressional district and Obama's non-involvement in efforts to support Jefferson.[24]
On December 6 at 10:20 PM CST, CNN projected Cao the winner.[25] Final unofficial results on the Louisiana Secretary of State's web site showed Cao with 33,122 (49.55%), Jefferson 31,296 (46.82%), Kahn 548 (0.82%), and Rahim 1,880 (2.81%).[26] Jefferson won by 23,197 to 20,246 in Orleans Parish, where 21 of the 392 precincts showed zero votes for Cao, but Cao more than made up the difference with a margin 12,696 to the incumbent's 8,099 in Jefferson Parish.[27]
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Joseph Cao | 33,122 | 49.54% | |||
| Democratic | William J. Jefferson (incumbent) | 31,296 | 46.81% | |||
| Green | Malik Rahim | 1,880 | 2.81% | |||
| Libertarian | Gregory Kahn | 548 | 0.81% | |||
| Total votes | 66,846 | 100.00% | ||||
| Republican gain from Democratic | ||||||
District 3
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Democratic incumbent Charlie Melancon ran unopposed for re-election. CQ Politics forecasted the race as 'Safe Democrat'.
District 4
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The election was held on December 6, 2008.
Incumbent Jim McCrery retired, making this an open seat. The district contains northwestern Louisiana, including the cities of Shreveport, DeRidder, and Natchitoches. The district usually, but not reliably, votes Republican. Bill Clinton won it comfortably in 1996. CQ Politics' forecast of the race was "No Clear Favorite".
The Republican nominee was physician John Fleming (campaign website) of Minden, the seat of Webster Parish. Fleming, a former Webster Parish coroner and a businessman defeated trucking company executive Chris Gorman in the Republican runoff primary held on November 4.
The Democratic candidate was Caddo Parish District Attorney Paul Carmouche (campaign website), who defeated African American attorney Willie Banks, Jr., in his party runoff on November 4. Republican candidate Jeff Thompson, despite being endorsed by Jim McCrery, was defeated in the first Republican primary, as were Democratic candidates Artis Cash and John Milkovich, later elected to the Louisiana State Senate. Patti Cox, local party organizer and environmental consultant and a 2006 candidate against McCrery, did not enter the 2008 race.
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | John Fleming | 44,501 | 48.07 | |
| Democratic | Paul Carmouche | 44,151 | 47.69 | |
| Independent | Catfish Kelley | 3,245 | 3.51 | |
| Independent | Gerard J. Bowen Jr. | 675 | 0.73 | |
| Total votes | 92,572 | 100.00 | ||
| Republican hold | ||||
District 5
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Republican incumbent Rodney Alexander was unopposed for re-election and won. CQ Politics forecasted the race as 'Safe Republican'.
District 6
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Republican State Senator Bill Cassidy defeated Democratic incumbent Don Cazayoux in the November 4 election by a margin of 48%–40%. Cazayoux had defeated Republican Woody Jenkins 49%–46% in a special election earlier in the year, and given his narrow margin of victory and the Republican-leaning nature of the district (Bush won 59% here in 2004), Cazayoux was, as expected, a GOP target as he sought his first full term.
State Representative Michael L. Jackson, who had run against Cazayoux in the Democratic primary in the special election, ran as an independent with funding from long-time Cassidy supporter Lane Grigsby.[28] He finished third,[29] garnering 36,133 votes, more than the 25,000-vote margin between Cassidy and Cazayoux, suggesting that he siphoned off many African-American votes that would have otherwise gone to Cazayoux and threw the election to Cassidy. The Daily Kingfish published photos of Jackson meeting with Congressman-elect Cassidy just three days after the election.[30] Cazayoux was one of five incumbent House Democrats to be defeated in the 2008 congressional elections, along with Nancy Boyda (D-KS), William J. Jefferson (D-LA), Nick Lampson (D-TX), and Tim Mahoney (D-FL).
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Bill Cassidy | 150,332 | 48.12 | |||
| Democratic | Don Cazayoux (incumbent) | 125,886 | 40.29 | |||
| Independent | Michael Jackson | 36,198 | 11.59 | |||
| Total votes | 312,416 | 100.00 | ||||
| Republican gain from Democratic | ||||||
District 7
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Republican incumbent Charles Boustany defeated Democratic State Senator Don Cravins, Jr. and Constitution Party candidate Peter Vidrine by a solid margin in this district based in southwestern Louisiana.
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Charles Boustany (incumbent) | 177,173 | 61.88 | |
| Democratic | Don Cravins Jr. | 98,280 | 34.33 | |
| Constitution | Peter Vidrine | 10,846 | 3.79 | |
| Total votes | 286,299 | 100.00 | ||
| Republican hold | ||||
References
edit- ^ O'Donoghue, Julie (January 11, 2024). "Louisiana's New Governor Wants to Bring Back Partisan Primaries. They've Been Unpopular in the Past". Governing. Louisiana Illuminator. Retrieved January 12, 2024.
- ^ Primaries likely to be postponed Ed Anderson, The Times-Picayune, September 5, 2008
- ^ Louisiana Primary Blown Back to Oct. 4 by Hurricane’s Aftermath Archived September 18, 2008, at the Wayback Machine Bob Benenson, CQ Politics, September 5, 2008
- ^ "2008 Election Statistics". clerk.house.gov.
- ^ "BUSINESSMAN PLEADS GUILTY TO PAYING BRIBES TO U.S. CONGRESSMAN" (Press release). Federal Bureau of Investigation. May 3, 2006. Retrieved February 6, 2007.
- ^ Barakat, Matthew (May 21, 2006). "Filing: Tape Shows Lawmaker Taking Money". Associated Press.
- ^ Lengel, Allan (May 21, 2006). "FBI Says Jefferson Was Filmed Taking Cash". Washington Post. p. A01. Retrieved February 7, 2007.
- ^ Affidavit and search warrant Archived December 8, 2006, at the Wayback Machine (1.25MB PDF)
- ^ Bresnahan, John (May 21, 2006). "FBI Raid Angers Some on Hill; Feds Probe Additional Jefferson 'Schemes'". RollCall. Archived from the original on June 29, 2012. Retrieved February 6, 2007.
- ^ Hulse, Carl (May 24, 2006). "F.B.I. Raid Divides G.O.P. Lawmakers and White House". New York Times. p. A01. Retrieved February 7, 2007.
- ^ "Katrina: Louisiana Congressman William Jefferson Used National Guard to Retrieve Belongings" by James Joyner.
- ^ ""A Troubling Bayou Tradition" by Bret Schulte in U.S. News & World Report, 2005 October 2". Archived from the original on December 11, 2008.
- ^ Michelle Krupa, "Newcomer Hopes to Unseat Jefferson: Republican Lawyer Vows to Restore Ethics," Times-Picayune (New Orleans), 2008 December 1, pp. A1, A4. Most of the print article is at http://www.nola.com/timespic/stories/index.ssf?/base/news-12/1228112427291090.xml&coll=1 Archived December 10, 2008, at the Wayback Machine (accessed 2008 December 1).
- ^ Michelle Krupa (with Frank Donze), "2 Candidates Offer Alternative Views", Times-Picayune, 2008 December 2, pp. A6, A7. Archived December 11, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Times-Picayune editorial endorsement". Archived from the original on December 19, 2008.
- ^ "James Gill column on the 2008 December 6 general election". Archived from the original on December 10, 2008.
- ^ "A new face in the politics of New Orleans". Los Angeles Times. November 24, 2008.
- ^ "United States Congress - 2nd District | Alliance for Good Government". April 11, 2009. Archived from the original on April 11, 2009.
- ^ "FindLaw Legal Blogs". Findlaw. Archived from the original on December 11, 2008.
- ^ "Governor Bobby Jindal Endorses Joseph Cao". Archived from the original on December 10, 2008.
- ^ In the last days of the campaign Democrats Helena Moreno, who was defeated by Jefferson in the Democratic primary, and former District Attorney Harry Connick, the father of singer Harry Connick, Jr., endorsed Cao and recorded telephone messages to be played to voters. [1] Michelle Krupa and Frank Donze's "Crooning for Cao" Archived December 20, 2008, at the Wayback Machine in the Times-Picayune, 2008 December 4, Retrieved December 6, 2008.
- ^ "For Congress: No Endorsement". Archived from the original on December 11, 2008. Retrieved December 7, 2008.
- ^ "Tension Rises as Finale Nears in 2nd." Archived September 30, 2012, at the Wayback Machine Cf. the "Comments" section in Michelle Krupa's "Preachers urge voters to re-elect U.S. Rep. William Jefferson." Archived December 11, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Why Today's Election Matters" (editorial), Times-Picayune (New Orleans), 2008 December 6, p. B4, available at http://www.nola.com/timespic/stories/index.ssf?/base/news-5/1228544712295490.xml&coll=1 Archived December 10, 2008, at the Wayback Machine Retrieved December 6, 2008.
- ^ "Local and National Election Results - Election Center 2008 - Elections & Politics from CNN.com". CNN. Retrieved May 11, 2010.
- ^ http://www400.sos.louisiana.gov:8090/cgibin/?rqstyp=elcms2&rqsdta=120608[permanent dead link] Retrieved December 6, 2008 at 11:00 PM CST.
- ^ Orleans Parish precinct returns,[permanent dead link] Jefferson Parish precinct returns.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Kraushaar, Josh (October 24, 2008). "Strange bedfellows in Louisiana". Politico.Com. Retrieved August 18, 2014.
- ^ "Louisiana Secretary of State-Multi-Parish Elections Inquiry". Archived from the original on September 19, 2008. Retrieved May 4, 2008.
- ^ [2] Archived December 15, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
External links
edit- Elections Division from the Louisiana Secretary of State
- U.S. Congress candidates for Louisiana at Project Vote Smart
- Louisiana U.S. House Races from 2008 Race Tracker
- Campaign contributions for Louisiana congressional races from OpenSecrets
- Louisiana Elections & Politics from The Times-Picayune newspaper