Parliamentary elections were held in North Korea on 8 March 2009 to elect the members of the 12th Supreme People's Assembly.[1] They were originally scheduled to be held in August 2008[2] but were postponed for unknown reasons. Observers of North Korea speculated that it was in relation to Kim Jong-il's ill health.[1]
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All 687 seats in the Supreme People's Assembly | |||||||||||||||||||
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All candidates standing in the elections in North Korea were members of one of the parties comprising the Democratic Front for the Reunification of the Fatherland. A single candidate, approved by the North-Korean leadership, ran in each of the 687 districts, thereby guaranteeing a full victory by the Democratic Front for the Reunification of the Fatherland, regardless of voter turnout.[3][4] Kim Jong-il, the de facto leader of North Korea and the Chairman of the National Defence Commission, ran for election in Constituency 333.[5]
Background
editThe 11th Supreme People's Assembly was dissolved and elections were called for North Korea's 687 electoral districts on 7 January 2009.[1] The elections were to be originally held as per North Korea's constitution in August 2008.[2]
The delay was not officially explained, but was believed to be related to the health of Kim Jong-il. The elections also come after a significant cabinet shuffle in recent months that saw the replacement of at least five members of cabinet. The elections were called for 8 March 2009 allowing leave for a 60-day campaign period.[1]
After dissolution, nominating committees in all 687 districts nominated Kim Jong-il to stand for election. The 333rd district was the first to file their nomination, so he decided to run in that district. In the previous assembly, Kim Jong-il represented the 649th election district.[6]
Electoral system
editVoter registration was conducted by the Resident Registration Bureaus of the National Security Agency. Completing the lists of voters also had the side effect of discovering missing residents who might have defected and left the country. Allegations had surfaced of bribes being paid to officials conducting registration drives to declare family members who have defected as being deceased.[7] The voter registration deadline for the election took place on 4 March 2009.[8]
The bribes themselves have been overlooked by the National Security Agency as the North Korean government demands the lists be complete to ensure that there is 100% turnout in the vote. It is easier to explain missing persons as being dead than to have an incomplete list of voters.[7]
The voting for deputies of the Supreme People's Assembly in 2009 consisted of using paper ballots containing the name of a single candidate nominated in each district. To indicate support for the candidate, a ballot was dropped into the box unmarked. If the voter did not support a candidate, that voter had to cross out the name of the candidate before dropping the ballot.[9]
The voting method was a departure from prior elections. In previous elections, the system consisted of two ballot boxes at each polling station. The boxes, one black and one white, were to indicate support for or against a candidate.[9] There was no system in place to handle absentee ballots for North Koreans living abroad and there did not appear to be a system of advanced voting in place.[10] Proxy votes were ordered to be cast by family members of North Korean defectors who were detained in prisons within China.[11] All voting and the validation of official returns was overseen by the Central Election Committee.[10]
Voting was supposed to be a secret process, but with the method of casting ballots, it became obvious who was opposed to the candidates. The voter had the option of going to a booth to cross out the name or dropping the ballot directly in the box.[12] Penalties for voting against a candidate or not voting were severe. Electors who refused to vote were sent to labor camps.[13] A member of the National Security Agency was stationed at every polling station to keep an eye out for people who used or looked at the red pen.[14]
Conduct
edit
Election day began with editorials being published in all state run media, encouraging voter participation.[15] Voting officially began at 9:00am local time.[16] Mobile polling stations were dispatched to infirm residents who could not travel to polling stations to cast ballots. Citizens of foreign nations resident in North Korea were also encouraged to come out and cast a ballot if they so wished.[17]
By noon on election day, the Korean Central News Agency had reported that 71% of registered North Korean voters had turned out to cast ballots.[18]
Voters in North Korea had dressed up for election day, wearing suits and chosŏn-ot, traditional Korean dresses.[19]
I cast a ballot of patriotism, a ballot of approval with a mind to strengthen our socialist system—the best in the world, as firm as a rock.
— Kim Un Kyong, a North Korean factory worker
The most watched race of the election was district 333 where leader Kim Jong-il was running. On 9 March 2009, North Korean media announced that Kim Jong-il was unanimously re-elected to parliament.[20] The election committee also stated that 99.98% of all registered voters took part in voting, with 100% voting for their candidate in each district.[21]
The election was a largely peaceful event, but some vandalism of candidate posters, along with anti-election graffiti, occurred in Mundeuk, South Pyongan Province.[22] Signage had also been changed on polling stations, as official signage was replaced with new signs misspelling "election booth."[13]
Peter Hughes, the British ambassador to North Korea, garnered significant outrage and controversy from around the world after he blogged about the election having a festive atmosphere.[23] The outrage was caused by claims that his blog read more like an official North Korean press release as he did not mention in his blog the negative aspects of the election, such as citizens being forced to vote and that there was only a single candidate to vote for.[23]
Results
editOfficial election results were announced by the Central Election Commission in March 2009.[3] The official results showed 324 of the 687 Deputies had been replaced and were new to power with the rest being re-elected. A large portion of the Deputies elected were to fill vacancies from those who died. No form of appointment or by-elections currently exists to put Deputies into the Supreme Peoples Assembly between elections.[24]
| Party or alliance | Votes | % | Seats | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fatherland Front | Workers' Party of Korea | 100 | 606 | |||
| Korean Social Democratic Party | 50 | |||||
| Chondoist Chongu Party | 22 | |||||
| Chongryon | 6 | |||||
| Independents | 3 | |||||
| Total | 687 | |||||
| Registered voters/turnout | 99.98 | |||||
| Source: IPU | ||||||
Elected members
editThe following were elected as members of parliament:[25]
- Electoral District: Ri Ul-sol
- Electoral District: Kim Yong-bok
- Electoral District: Kim Kyong-hui
- Electoral District: Kang Jun-ho
- Electoral District: Kim Yong-nam
- Electoral District: Im Man-soon
- Electoral District: Ryoo Chung-ryol
- Electoral District: Kim Bok-nam
- Electoral District: Hong So-hon
- Electoral District: Tak Hua-suk
- Electoral District: Mun Sang-min
- Electoral District: Ri Tong-chan
- Electoral District: Mun Son-bul
- Electoral District: Kim Sok-nam
- Electoral District: Sin Yong-chol
- Electoral District: Pak Pong-nam
- Electoral District: Pak Kyu-hong
- Electoral District: Cho Myong-lok
- Electoral District: Kim In-nam
- Electoral District: Ri Jae-kang
- Electoral District: Kim Kwang-chul
- Electoral District: Kim Yong-ju
- Electoral District: Choe Hong-Il
- Electoral District: Ho Jong-suk
- Electoral District: Kim Kyong-su
- Electoral District: Kim Song-hi
- Electoral District: Ri Myung-ok
- Electoral District: Song Chun-sik
- Electoral District: Yuk Sok-chon
- Electoral District: Hwang Kil-chol
- Electoral District: Jang Song-thaek[26]
- Electoral District: Ri Kyong-il[26]
- Electoral District: Kim Ung-kwan[26]
- Electoral District: Kim Dong-pyut[26]
- Electoral District: Byon Sseub-ho[26]
- Electoral District: Ri Yong-mu
- Electoral District: Ri Sun-im
- Electoral District: Kim Song-hui
- Electoral District: Jong Dong-du
- Electoral District: Song Ja-reeb
- Electoral District: Yun Ki-jong
- Electoral District: O Kuk-ryol
- Electoral District: Kang Nam-ik
- Electoral District: Jon Kyong-su
- Electoral District: Kim Yong-nam
- Electoral District: Ri Kun-il
- Electoral District: Pak Kwan-o
- Electoral District: Kang Son-ju
- Electoral District: Kim Myong-hwan
- Electoral District: Byun Yong-reeb
- Electoral District: Jong Kwang-hyuk
- Electoral District: Jong Dal-son
- Electoral District: Kim Hua-suk
- Electoral District: Jong Hyon-yong
- Electoral District: Ri Yong-chol
- Electoral District: Kim Sae-myong
- Electoral District: Kim Ki-nam
- Electoral District: Kim Ho Jae
- Electoral District: Han Jong-hyuk
- Electoral District: Kim Bok-sil
- Electoral District: Kim Kyong-ok
- Electoral District: Pak Hui-kwan
- Electoral District: Riu Mi-yong
- Electoral District: Jon Hui-suk
- Electoral District: Jo Yon-jae
- Electoral District: Kim Song-kyu
- Electoral District: Kim Yang-gon
- Electoral District: Kang Ki-som
- Electoral District: Ri Hua-sil
- Electoral District: Ri Sung-ho
- Electoral District: Pak Jin-sik
- Electoral District: Rho Jong-nam
- Electoral District: Choe Ik-kyu
- Electoral District: Jon Jin-suh
- Electoral District: Kim Kuk-tae
- Electoral District: Ho Song-kil
- Electoral District: Noh Kwang-chol
- Electoral District: Hui Yong-ae
- Electoral District: Kim Yu-ho
- Electoral District: Kim Jong-su
- Electoral District: Lim Nam-su
- Electoral District: Ri Ung-chan
- Electoral District: Kim Jong-lin
- Electoral District: Ri Yong-chol
- Electoral District: An In-Kon
- Electoral District: Ri Jae-il
- Electoral District: Jang Chul
- Electoral District: So Ju-chong
- Electoral District: Pak Kil-nam
- Electoral District: Kim Bong-sil
- Electoral District: Kim Si-hak
- Electoral District: Ri Kil-song
- Electoral District: Ri Ryong-nam
- Electoral District: Sin O-sun
- Electoral District: Han Chol
- Electoral District: Kim Chol-min
- Electoral District: Kim Yong-dae
- Electoral District: Jong Myong-sun
- Electoral District: Jae Hui-jong
- Electoral District: Kim Yong-il
- Electoral District: Kim Duk-sam
- Electoral District: Pak Nam-ki
- Electoral District: Kil Chol-hyuk
- Electoral District: La Dong-hui
- Electoral District: Yang Hyong-sop
- Electoral District: Kim Sun-hua
- Electoral District: Ha Ung-chun
- Electoral District: Im Jong-sil
- Electoral District: Cha Sung-suh
- Electoral District: Kim Myong-hak
- Electoral District: Ryang Jang-kyun
- Electoral District: Kim Yong-song
- Electoral District: Jong Myong-jo
- Electoral District: Ji Dong-sik
- Electoral District: Min Kyong-nam
- Electoral District: Hong Kwang-il
- Electoral District: Kim Jong-suk
- Electoral District: Jin Yong-il
- Electoral District: Kim Hyoung-nam
- Electoral District: Kim Ui-sun
- Electoral District: Kim Ki-ryong
- Electoral District: Han Jong-hua
- Electoral District: Ro Song-sil
- Electoral District: Kim Huan-suh
- Electoral District: Ri Kwang-ho
- Electoral District: Choe Yong-rim
- Electoral District: Pak Yong-sun
- Electoral District: Koh Myong-hui
- Electoral District: Yu Jang-sok
- Electoral District: Kim Yong-gil
- Electoral District: Lim Don-hua
- Electoral District: Choe Ryong-ik
- Electoral District: Ju Myong-son
- Electoral District: Pak Sun-nyo
- Electoral District: Yu Pom-sun
- Electoral District: Jon Il-chun
- Electoral District: Paek Song-nam
- Electoral District: Choe-Ung-kwon
- Electoral District: Jo Kyong-chil
- Electoral District: Hwang Hak-won
- Electoral District: Chae Jang-dong
- Electoral District: Kim Kyong-son
- Electoral District: Kim Kwang-yon
- Electoral District: Kim Kum-suk
- Electoral District: Pak Chun-dam
- Electoral District: Jon Yong-sik
- Electoral District: Ri Kyong-ryol
- Electoral District: Kim Jong-myong
- Electoral District: Ri Man-ho
- Electoral District: Kim Sun-jib
- Electoral District: Hyon Sok-kil
- Electoral District: Kim Ki-kun
- Electoral District: Kim Kwang-yong
- Electoral District: Pak Yun-il
- Electoral District: Kim Ok-ryon
- Electoral District: Moon Myong-hak
- Electoral District: Kim Jong-im
- Electoral District: Kwong Hyuk-bong
- Electoral District: Kim Dok-il
- Electoral District: Jang Ung
- Electoral District: Choe Ji-son
- Electoral District: Pyo Hui-song
- Electoral District: Yong Man-sik
- Electoral District: Kil Lyae-suh
- Electoral District: Kim Hyo
- Electoral District: Kim Yong-hua
- Electoral District: Kim Hong-kon
- Electoral District: Ryang Suh-jong
- Electoral District: Sin Ung-sik
- Electoral District: Ri Sung-ho
- Electoral District: Kim Yong-il
- Electoral District: Kim Yon-hua
- Electoral District: Ri Nyong-kun
- Electoral District: Jo Won-taek
- Electoral District: Kim Myong-il
- Electoral District: Choe Jong-ryul
- Electoral District: Kim Chol-ung
- Electoral District: Hyon Ung-sil
- Electoral District: Kim Myong-hui
- Electoral District: Kim Hyong-sik
- Electoral District: Sin An-son
- Electoral District: Ho Thaek
- Electoral District: An Kuk-thae
- Electoral District: Ro Tu-chol
- Electoral District: Lee Kyo-man
- Electoral District: Ko Chang-suh
- Electoral District: Son Suk-kun
- Electoral District: Won Jong-sam
- Electoral District: Jon Chang-rim
- Electoral District: So Lan-hui
- Electoral District: Ri Hak-song
- Electoral District: Kim Jae-hua
- Electoral District: Kim Jong-kil
- Electoral District: Han Uh-chol
- Electoral District: Lo Bae-kwon
- Electoral District: Kim Bong-suh
- Electoral District: Jang Man-chol
- Electoral District: Ri Ju-o
- Electoral District: Kim Hyae-yong
- Electoral District: Pak Jong-kun
- Electoral District: Choe Chil-nam
- Electoral District: Kang Ryon-hak
- Electoral District: Sin Jae-won
- Electoral District: Ri Myong-chol
- Electoral District: Kim Yong-sun
- Electoral District: Song Kwong-chol
- Electoral District: Kwak Chol-ho
- Electoral District: Mun Bong-ryong
- Electoral District: Choe Yong-dok
- Electoral District: Kim Hua-yong
- Electoral District: Pak Kyong-sam
- Electoral District: An Dong-chun
- Electoral District: Kim Jae-ryong
- Electoral District: Ho Sang-jong
- Electoral District: Kim Chang-jon
- Electoral District: Kim Jong
- Electoral District: Jon Yong-son
- Electoral District: O Ik-jae
- Electoral District: Ri Hong-sam
- Electoral District: Pak Myong-hun
- Electoral District: Kim Hui-suk
- Electoral District: Kim Ik-chol
- Electoral District: Ri Yong Jun
- Electoral District: Pak Myong-son
- Electoral District: Pak Hak-son
- Electoral District: Jon Kyong-son
- Electoral District: Kim In-sun
- Electoral District: Choe Kwong-chol
- Electoral District: Kim Hak-chol
- Electoral District: Hong Son-ok
- Electoral District: Jong Myong-hak
- Electoral District: Kim Kum-sil
- Electoral District: Kim Jong-hyup
- Electoral District: Kim Dang-suh
- Electoral District: Paek Bok-nam
- Electoral District: Kim Byong-ryul
- Electoral District: Cha Myong-ok
- Electoral District: Kim Kyo-kwon
- Electoral District: Choe Hyuk-chol
- Electoral District: Jang Jae-an
- Electoral District: Ryang Kyong-bok
- Electoral District: Tong Jong-ho
- Electoral District: Ho Jong-ok
- Electoral District: Ri Chol-man
- Electoral District: So Chun-yong
- Electoral District: Kim Pyong-hae
- Electoral District: Pak Chun-kon
- Electoral District: Kang Nung-su
- Electoral District: Thae Hyong-chol
- Electoral District: Yun Dong-hyon
- Electoral District: Uh Sun-yong
- Electoral District: Kim Byong-hun
- Electoral District: Han Byong-man
- Electoral District: Ri Ki-suh
- Electoral District: Jong Son-mun
- Electoral District: Pak Song-sil
- Electoral District: Suh Un-ki
- Electoral District: Ri Kyong-bom
- Electoral District: Kim Uh-chol
- Electoral District: Kim Bong-il
- Electoral District: Kim Yun-sok
- Electoral District: Jon Ho-chol
- Electoral District: Jo Song-yun
- Electoral District: An Yong-hyun
- Electoral District: Jim Kyong-hui
- Electoral District: Ri Sang-kun
- Electoral District: O Ung-chang
- Electoral District: Ri Kwong-kon
- Electoral District: So Sung-chol
- Electoral District: Yun Chol-yong
- Electoral District: Kim Kwong-lin
- Electoral District: Ri Yong-min
- Electoral District: An Min-chol
- Electoral District: Mun Jae-chol
- Electoral District: Jong Yong-suh
- Electoral District: Yo Min-hyon
- Electoral District: Kim Byong-hua
- Electoral District: Jong Ok-dong
- Electoral District: Kang Chu-ryon
- Electoral District: Kim Young-kil
- Electoral District: Ri Hui-chon
- Electoral District: An Min-hul
- Electoral District: Ri Jong-kuk
- Electoral District: Pak Jong-jin
- Electoral District: Jong Chang-ryol
- Electoral District: An Sung-ok
- Electoral District: Kang Yong-sop
- Electoral District: Pak Chun-sam
- Electoral District: Kim Ung-chol
- Electoral District: Kang Kil-yong
- Electoral District: Paek Nam-il
- Electoral District: Kim Yong-ho
- Electoral District: Hong Kum-son
- Electoral District: Hong Chol-soo
- Electoral District: Ji Sang-min
- Electoral District: Hwang Yun-nam
- Electoral District: Ryo Won-ku
- Electoral District: Kang Chang-uk
- Electoral District: Kim Il-ho
- Electoral District: Kye Yong-sam
- Electoral District: Pak Sun-hui
- Electoral District: Mun Ung-jo
- Electoral District: Ho Nam-sun
- Electoral District: Sun Kyong-nam
- Electoral District: Kim Chun-ryo
- Electoral District: Kim Dong-jin
- Electoral District: Ri Su-yong
- Electoral District: Ri Jong-mu
- Electoral District: Yun Yang-kyun
- Electoral District: Jo Kum-suk
- Electoral District: Jin Sang-chol
- Electoral District: Kim Rak-hui
- Electoral District: Jo Il-ki
- Electoral District: Ko In-ho
- Electoral District: Kim Ok-kyu
- Electoral District: Yun Ryang-sok
- Electoral District: Choe Yong-nam
- Electoral District: Ku Myong-ok
- Electoral District: Kim Chang-sik
- Electoral District: Ri Tae-sik
- Electoral District: Kwon Tae-mun
- Electoral District: Shin Son-ho
- Electoral District: An Chun-sop
- Electoral District: Kim Yoo-kun
- Electoral District: Choe Eun
- Electoral District: Ri Chun-hui
- Electoral District: Song Hyo-nam
- Electoral District: Pak Song-ho
- Electoral District: Ri Byong-chol
- Electoral District: Cha Jun-sik
- Electoral District: Shim Jae-ul
- Electoral District: Choe Young-ho
- Electoral District: Kim Jong-il
- Electoral District: Kim Jong-kwan
- Electoral District: Kim Yoo-ho
- Electoral District: Song Jun-taek
- Electoral District: Han Sang-sun
- Electoral District: Jong Myong-do
- Electoral District: Pak Won-sik
- Electoral District: Kim Jong-gak
- Electoral District: Kim Jin-chol
- Electoral District: Jun Il
- Electoral District: Kim Myong-kuk
- Electoral District: O Kwang-sik
- Electoral District: Ju Jong-kyong
- Electoral District: Jo Kyong-chol
- Electoral District: Ri Yong Kil
- Electoral District: Kim Yong-chun
- Electoral District: Ho Song-il
- Electoral District: Kim Kwan-chol
- Electoral District: Kim Kum-chol
- Electoral District: Han Jong-jin
- Electoral District: Kim Chol
- Electoral District: Ri Song-guk
- Electoral District: Byon In-son
- Electoral District: Kim Kwong-il
- Electoral District: Pak Sung-won
- Electoral District: Ri Song-bok
- Electoral District: Jae Mun-sok
- Electoral District: Lim Kong-yun
- Electoral District: Hyon Yong-chol
- Electoral District: Choe Bu-gil
- Electoral District: Ju Sun-chol
- Electoral District: Ri Jong-bu
- Electoral District: Yun Kyong-so
- Electoral District: Kim Chun-sam
- Electoral District: Ju Song-nam
- Electoral District: Choe Song-un
- Electoral District: Ri Si-joong
- Electoral District: Kim Kwang-hyon
- Electoral District: Chon Jae-kwon
- Electoral District: Kim Won-hong
- Electoral District: Kim Bae-jong
- Electoral District: Ri Yong-ho
- Electoral District: Ri Song-sun
- Electoral District: Hyon Chol-hae
- Electoral District: Pak Dong-hak
- Electoral District: Yon Hak-song
- Electoral District: Yon Jong-lin
- Electoral District: Kim Song-dok
- Electoral District: Ri Kuk-jun
- Electoral District: Kim Yong-jom
- Electoral District: Ju Sang-song
- Electoral District: Ji Yong-chun
- Electoral District: Kim Jong-ho
- Electoral District: Kim Chong-sup
- Electoral District: U Tong-chuk
- Electoral District: Ryu Kyong
- Electoral District: Paek Sol
- Electoral District: Song Yun-hui
- Electoral District: Bong Chan-ho
- Electoral District: Jong Myong-sil
- Electoral District: Jo Hae-suk
- Electoral District: Jo Hae-suk
- Electoral District: Choe Thae-bok
- Electoral District: Chae Kang-hwan
- Electoral District: Kwak Pom-gi
- Electoral District: Kim Chung-kal
- Electoral District: Pak Jae-pil
- Electoral District: Kim Chol-kuk
- Electoral District: Ryang Hui-chol
- Electoral District: Hwang Sun-hui
- Electoral District: Ko Kyu-il
- Electoral District: La Chang-ryol
- Electoral District: Ri Chol-ho
- Electoral District: Lo Ik-hua
- Electoral District: Ri Won-il
- Electoral District: Kim Yong-ae
- Electoral District: Choe Song-won
- Electoral District: Kang Min-chol
- Electoral District: Choe Jang-son
- Electoral District: Lim Song-bok
- Electoral District: Kim Mu-jon
- Electoral District: Kim Jong-ok
- Electoral District: Ho Jong-man
- Electoral District: Ri Sae-yuk
- Electoral District: Han Dong-kun
- Electoral District: Ri Song-chol
- Electoral District: Ko Byong-som
- Electoral District: Min Dong-sik
- Electoral District: Choe Han-chun
- Electoral District: Ri Song-ho
- Electoral District: Liu Myong-kum
- Electoral District: Hwang In-bom
- Electoral District: Choe Ryong-hae
- Electoral District: Choe Yong-son
- Electoral District: Ri Sung-jin
- Electoral District: Pak Myong-sik
- Electoral District: Kim Hui-bong
- Electoral District: Kim Ji-song
- Electoral District: Ri Song-kwan
- Electoral District: Ri Chol-ho
- Electoral District: Pak Ui-chun
- Electoral District: Choe Kwang-chol
- Electoral District: Pak Yong-pal
- Electoral District: Ri Chun-il
- Electoral District: Ju Jin-kuh
- Electoral District: Hwang Bong-yong
- Electoral District: Ri Chol (Ri Su-yong)
- Electoral District: Ri Jong-hyuk
- Electoral District: An Kyong-ho
- Electoral District: Ri Kyo-sang
- Electoral District: Ri Chon-bok
- Electoral District: Sok Yon-su
- Electoral District: Han Song-chol
- Electoral District: Kim Dong-un
- Electoral District: Jon Byong-ho
- Electoral District: Kwak Yong-nam
- Electoral District: Choe Song-kon
- Electoral District: Kim Hae-lin
- Electoral District: Kim Kwong-ju
- Electoral District: Ju Byong-ju
- Electoral District: Paek Se-bong
- Electoral District: Kim Chol
- Electoral District: Son Yong-ung
- Electoral District: Jo Sae-yong
- Electoral District: Kang Jong-nam
- Electoral District: An Sung-hui
- Electoral District: Choe Chan-kon
- Electoral District: Kim Chun-il
- Electoral District: Jong Chun-sil
- Electoral District: Ju Kyu-chang
- Electoral District: Lyom Hui-ryong
- Electoral District: Pak To-chun
- Electoral District: Sin Kwan-jin
- Electoral District: Lo Hae-sun
- Electoral District: Kim Chae-lan
- Electoral District: Kim Kwang-chol
- Electoral District: Lyom In-yun
- Electoral District: Ri Chang-han
- Electoral District: Choe Ki-ryong
- Electoral District: Ri Sung-kwan
- Electoral District: Kim In-nam
- Electoral District: Pak Kum-hui
- Electoral District: Lim Yong-hua
- Electoral District: Kang Byong-hu
- Electoral District: Ri Yong-don
- Electoral District: Sim Sang-dae
- Electoral District: Kim Ryong-sil
- Electoral District: Ri Jong-suk
- Electoral District: Kim Du-hyon
- Electoral District: Byon Ung-kyu
- Electoral District: Hong Sok-jin
- Electoral District: Kim Won-il
- Electoral District: So Man-sul
- Electoral District: Lyu Yong-som
- Electoral District: Kim Kwong-il
- Electoral District: Han Won-il
- Electoral District: Kim Yon-hyuk
- Electoral District: Ri Il-som
- Electoral District: Kwon Kum-ryong
- Electoral District: Kim Jin-kyu
- Electoral District: Kim Jong-sim
- Electoral District: Uh Du-tae
- Electoral District: Ji Jong-kwan
- Electoral District: Kim Yong-sik
- Electoral District: Choe Hui-chong
- Electoral District: So Jong-dok
- Electoral District: Sin Tae-song
- Electoral District: Son Kum-hwal
- Electoral District: Jon Song-ung
- Electoral District: Kim Yong-chae
- Electoral District: Kim In-bok
- Electoral District: Jo Chung-han
- Electoral District: O Kwang-chol
- Electoral District: Sim Sang-jin
- Electoral District: O Ryong-il
- Electoral District: Ri Hwan-ki
- Electoral District: Mun Yong-chol
- Electoral District: Ri Chol-pong
- Electoral District: Sim Il-chol
- Electoral District: Bae Myong-sik
- Electoral District: Kang Pil-hun
- Electoral District: Kim Hong-su
- Electoral District: Pak Jae-kyong
- Electoral District: Choe Yong-hyuk
- Electoral District: Kim Il-chol
- Electoral District: Paek Jong-sun
- Electoral District: Han Chun-sik
- Electoral District: Ri Song-ho
- Electoral District: Choe Jin-su
- Electoral District: Kim Song-hun
- Electoral District: Kim Hyon-jin
- Electoral District: Kim Tae-son
- Electoral District: Sim Jong-taek
- Electoral District: Jong Sun-kum
- Electoral District: Choe Jong-sik
- Electoral District: Kim Pung-ki
- Electoral District: Kim Chol-won
- Electoral District: Sok Won-chun
- Electoral District: Song Kwang-dok
- Electoral District: Kim Su-jo
- Electoral District: Jang Byong-tae
- Electoral District: Nam Yong-hal
- Electoral District: Kang Hyong-pyo
- Electoral District: Kim Ki-uh
- Electoral District: Jong Yong-chol
- Electoral District: Yu Kyong-hak
- Electoral District: Kim Sung-chol
- Electoral District: JongYong-kil
- Electoral District: Kim Sok-sun
- Electoral District: Ri Jong-son
- Electoral District: Ri Chong-hua
- Electoral District: Sin Byong-kang
- Electoral District: Kim Sung-nam
- Electoral District: Ri Yong-chol
- Electoral District: Ri Yong-ae
- Electoral District: Ri Yong-su
- Electoral District: Kim Song-ki
- Electoral District: Bee Dal-sun
- Electoral District: Mun Yong-son
- Electoral District: Chu Yong-suk
- Electoral District: Ri Chu-ok
- Electoral District: Jon Kil-su
- Electoral District: Yu Kyong-suk
- Electoral District: Ri Hyo-son
- Electoral District: Liu Kyong-ok
- Electoral District: Jong Dok-yong
- Electoral District: Pak In-ju
- Electoral District: Kim Man-sang
- Electoral District: Ri Kwang-nam
- Electoral District: Ho Hak
- Electoral District: Jong Byong-kun
- Electoral District: Jong Myong-hak
- Electoral District: Choe Hyon
- Electoral District: Ju Sung-sun
- Electoral District: Kong Sung-il
- Electoral District: Ri Mu-yong
- Electoral District: Kim Chol-yong
- Electoral District: Min Byong-chol
- Electoral District: Kim Pong-chol
- Electoral District: Km Din-ku
- Electoral District: Sin Chol-ho
- Electoral District: Kim Hua-wal
- Electoral District: Jon Dee-won
- Electoral District: Ri Jae-son
- Electoral District: Song Chun-som
- Electoral District: Ri Ho-lim
- Electoral District: Pak Thae-won
- Electoral District: Sun Hyon-nom
- Electoral District: Pak Yong-lee
- Electoral District: O Ryong-deek
- Electoral District: Kim Su-gil
- Electoral District: O Su-yong
- Electoral District: Jo Myong-rok
- Electoral District: Kim Won-su
- Electoral District: Han Jong-bin
- Electoral District: Jon Ku-kang
- Electoral District: Ko Son-ok
- Electoral District: Song Yong-sin
- Electoral District: Jong Mun-su
- Electoral District: Choe In-ho
- Electoral District: Jon Hae-song
- Electoral District: Kim Byong-pal
- Electoral District: Hong Song-nam
- Electoral District: Ri Mun-yong
- Electoral District: Pak Chang-dok
- Electoral District: Lio Chun-sok
- Electoral District: Jyo Bong-chun
- Electoral District: Jang Chun-kun
- Electoral District: Ri Mun-bong
- Electoral District: Kim Jae-dong
- Electoral District: Hwang Yong-sam
- Electoral District: Kim Kwang-suk
- Electoral District: Kim Chong-sun
- Electoral District: Choe Kwan-su
- Electoral District: Ri Chol-ho
- Electoral District: Hwang Kang-chol
- Electoral District: Kim Kum-ok
- Electoral District: Jong Yong-su
- Electoral District: Kang Yong-tae
- Electoral District: Kim Song-ho
- Electoral District: Kim Yong-chol
- Electoral District: Jo Sun-sil
- Electoral District: Cha Kyong-il
- Electoral District: Ja Chong-kun
- Electoral District: Bang Kwan-bok
- Electoral District: Li Tae-som
- Electoral District: Pak Song-ki
- Electoral District: Kim Yong-jin
- Electoral District: Kim Ryong-kun
- Electoral District: Ha Sae-un
- Electoral District: Song Sun-lyo
- Electoral District: Yun Byong-sok
- Electoral District: Pak Hui-dok
- Electoral District: Choe Kwan-chun
- Electoral District: Dong Hun
- Electoral District: O Sae-kwan
- Electoral District: Kim Chun-kum
- Electoral District: Tae Jong-hon
- Electoral District: Li Jong-sik
- Electoral District: Kim Tae-bong
- Electoral District: Kim Chol-ho
- Electoral District: Li Kwang-nam
- Electoral District: Song Ryong-su
- Electoral District: Ju Chun-som
- Electoral District: Kim Min-suk
- Electoral District: Ko Ki-hon
- Electoral District: Jon Song-ho
- Electoral District: Kim Yong-song
- Electoral District: Song Kum-ok
- Electoral District: Kim Hyong-chan
- Electoral District: Jo Chang-bam
- Electoral District: Ryang Yong-ho
- Electoral District: Jon Sung-hun
- Electoral District: Choe Kil-ju
- Electoral District: Pyo Il-sok
- Electoral District: Jin Byong-som
- Electoral District: Ro Song-ung
- Electoral District: Hwang Min
- Electoral District: Ri Ku-ok
- Electoral District: Song Jong-hui
- Electoral District: Hong Sok-hyong
- Electoral District: Kim Song-jong
- Electoral District: Kim Son-won
- Electoral District: Kim Chong-sik
- Electoral District: Jon Kwang-lok
- Electoral District: Sok Kil-ho
- Electoral District: Kim Myong-sok
- Electoral District: Pak Su-kil
- Electoral District: Pak Dong-jun
- Electoral District: Jong Yong-son
- Electoral District: Pak Song-nam
- Electoral District: Pak Kwang-chol
- Electoral District: Ri Yong-jin
- Electoral District: Hong Lin-som
- Electoral District: Kim Su-yol
- Electoral District: Kim Myong-hui
- Electoral District: Han Myong-song
- Electoral District: Choe Sae-kwan
- Electoral District: Pak Chol-ho
- Electoral District: So Hong-chan
- Electoral District: Jong Hyong-suk
- Electoral District: Ri Bong-juk
- Electoral District: Jang In-suk
- Electoral District: Ri Il-nam
- Electoral District: Kim Kyong-ho
- Electoral District: Kim Hyong-dok
- Electoral District: Kim Dong-il
- Electoral District: Jang Byong-kwan
- Electoral District: An Mun-hak
- Electoral District: Kim Chol
- Electoral District: Choe Ki-jun
- Electoral District: Om Ha-jin
- Electoral District: Yon Tae-jong
- Electoral District: Song Jong-su
- Electoral District: Han Myong-kuk
Reactions
editThe 2009 election in North Korea garnered significant attention from media agencies around the world. The attention was primarily to see if the potentially named successor to Kim Jong-il, Kim Jong-un, was standing for a seat to the Supreme People's Assembly. Rumors surfaced in the world media on 8 March 2009 that Kim Jong-un, the youngest son of Kim Jong-il, appeared on the ballot for the elections to the Supreme People's Assembly.[27] The rumors also stated that following the election the new parliament "may also replace members of [Kim's] cabinet and the National Defense Commission, the top ruling agency."[5]
The Central Election Commission, via the Korean Central News Agency, released the complete list of Deputies elected to the Supreme People's Assembly. The list showed that Kim Jong-un was not among those who were elected.[28] The results left watchers of the regime in North Korea guessing as to the political future of the country.[20]
References
edit- ^ a b c d "N Korea announces March election". BBC News. 2009-01-07.
- ^ a b "CIA World Factbook: North Korea". Central Intelligence Agency. 7 February 2023.
- ^ a b Moon, Angela; Sugita Katyal; Ralph Boulton (2009-03-08). "N.Korea vote may point to Kim successor". Reuters. Retrieved 2009-03-08.
- ^ Sohn, Jie-Ae (2009-03-08). "N. Korea holds parliamentary elections". CNN. Retrieved 2009-03-08.
- ^ a b Choe, Sang-Hun (2009-03-08). "In North Korean Poll, Observers Look Down Ballot". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-03-08.
- ^ "Kim Jong Il nominated as candidate for 11th SPA". Korean Central News Agency. July 1, 2003. Archived from the original on March 13, 2009. Retrieved March 10, 2009.
- ^ a b Lee Sung Jin (9 March 2009). "Increasing "Deaths" ahead of SPA Election". Daily NK.
- ^ "North Korea ends registration for upcoming election". Asiaone News. 5 March 2009. Archived from the original on 13 March 2009. Retrieved 10 March 2009.
- ^ a b "'Election' in North". The Korea Herald. 10 March 2009.
- ^ a b "Returns of SPA Election Announced". Korean Central News Agency. Archived from the original on 2009-03-13.
- ^ Lee Sung Jin (16 March 2009). "Defectors Detained in Chinese Prison Cast Proxy Votes". Daily NK.
- ^ "A look at North Korea's parliamentary election". Associated Press. 6 March 2009.
- ^ a b "Resistance against election sporadic but continued… spelling of 'election' sign changed". NKnetwork. 25 March 2009.
- ^ James (27 March 2009). "A guide to voting in North Korea". Japan Probe. Archived from the original on 30 March 2009. Retrieved 15 April 2009.
- ^ "All Citizens Called upon to Turn out in Election". Korean Central News Agency. March 8, 2009. Archived from the original on March 13, 2009. Retrieved March 10, 2009.
- ^ "KPA Servicepersons Participate in Voting". Korean Central News Agency. March 8, 2009. Archived from the original on March 13, 2009. Retrieved March 10, 2009.
- ^ "All Voters Participate in Voting". Korean Central News Agency. March 8, 2009. Archived from the original on March 13, 2009. Retrieved March 10, 2009.
- ^ Cho, Kevin; Heejin Koo (2009-03-07). "North Korea Holds Parliamentary Elections Amid Rising Tensions". Bloomberg. Retrieved 2009-03-08.
- ^ Choe Sang-Hun (8 March 2009). "Amid a Vote, North Korea Awaits Clues to Its Future". The New York Times.
- ^ a b "North Korea polls give no clue". Press Association. 9 March 2009. Archived from the original on 10 March 2009.
- ^ "N Korea's Kim wins parliamentary seat: official media". Agence France Press. 9 March 2009. Archived from the original on 10 March 2009.
- ^ "Anti-election Graffiti around Pyongang Province". Daily NK. 14 April 2009.
- ^ a b Freeman, Colin (19 March 2009). "Peter Hughes, Britain's ambassador to North Korea, in blogging row". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
- ^ Ser Myo-ja (11 March 2009). "Kim Jong-il's heir not seen on list of new lawmakers". Korea JoongAng Daily.
- ^ "[Annotated full list of elected MP's]" (XLS). North Korean Economy Watch. Retrieved 24 June 2018.
- ^ a b c d e 전현준 (March 2009). 북한의 제12기 최고인민회의 대의원 선거 결과 분석 (PDF). 통일정세분석 2009-04 (in Korean). Korea Institute for National Unification. pp. 15–16. Retrieved 8 August 2018.
- ^ "N Korea holds parliamentary poll". BBC News. 8 March 2009.
- ^ "Kim Jong-il's son not among N Korea election winners". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 10 March 2009.