During 2011, tropical cyclones formed within seven different tropical cyclone basins, located within various parts of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. During the year, a total of 131 tropical cyclones had formed this year to date. 71 tropical cyclones had been named by either a Regional Specialized Meteorological Center (RSMC) or a Tropical Cyclone Warning Center (TCWC). Thirty-nine of these named systems eventually intensified into hurricane-equivalent tropical cyclones. The most active basin in the year was the Western Pacific, which documented 21 named storms. North Atlantic basin documented 19 named storms, continuing the consecutive third-most active season trends from the previous year, due to the 2010–12 La Niña event. Conversely, the Eastern Pacific basin featured slightly more activity than the previous season, with 11 named storms. The least active basin in the year was the North Indian Ocean basin which documented only 2 named storms, the lowest since the 1993 season. Activity across the Southern Hemisphere were almost evenly spread, with the South-West Indian Ocean basin recording 10 tropical cyclones, the Australian region recording 17 tropical cyclones, and the South Pacific basin also recording 10 tropical cyclones, respectively. Twenty-one Category 3 tropical cyclones formed in the year, including three Category 5 tropical cyclones. The accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index for the 2011 (seven basins combined), as calculated by Colorado State University was 573.8 units.

Tropical cyclones in 2011
Year summary map
Year boundaries
First system03
FormedJanuary 2, 2011
Last systemBenilde
DissipatedJanuary 4, 2012
Strongest system
NameSongda
Lowest pressure920 mbar (hPa); 27.17 inHg
Longest lasting system
NamePhilippe
Duration14 days
Year statistics
Total systems131
Named systems71
Total fatalities3,702 total
Total damage$29.86 billion (2011 USD)
Related articles
Other years
2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013
Satellite photos of the 21 tropical cyclones worldwide that reached at least Category 3 on the Saffir–Simpson scale during 2011, from Wilma in January to Kenneth in November.
Among them, Songda (third-to-last image in the first row) was the most intense, with a minimum central pressure of 920 hPa.

The strongest tropical cyclone of the year was Typhoon Songda, with a minimum central pressure of 920 hPa (mbar). The costliest tropical cyclone of the year was Hurricane Irene, which caused $14.2 billion worth of damage. The deadliest tropical cyclone of the year was Severe Tropical Storm Washi, which killed 2,546 people.

Global atmospheric and hydrological conditions

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The strong La Niña from the previous year continued into 2011, whereby it peaked in January.[1] Afterwards, it began weakening considerably, to the point where in May it was determined that a transition to neutral conditions took place.[2] By the end of Summer, this neutral state continued to persist, although there were still remnants of the La Niña evident.[3] Due to continued cooling of the Pacific, it was determined that the La Niña redeveloped, albeit in a weak state, which would then continue into the next year.[4]

Summary

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Cyclone ThaneCyclone GrantTropical Storm WashiTropical Storm RolfCyclone KeilaHurricane RinaTropical Depression Twelve-E (2011)Hurricane Jova (2011)Typhoon Nalgae (2011)Typhoon Nesat (2011)Hurricane Hilary (2011)Hurricane Ophelia (2011)Typhoon Roke (2011)Hurricane Nate (2011)Hurricane Maria (2011)Tropical Storm Lee (2011)Hurricane Katia (2011)Tropical Storm Talas (2011)Typhoon Nanmadol (2011)Hurricane IreneTropical Storm Harvey (2011)Tropical Storm Emily (2011)Tropical Storm Don (2011)Typhoon Muifa (2011)Tropical Storm Nock-ten (2011)Hurricane Dora (2011)Tropical Storm Bret (2011)Typhoon Ma-on (2011)Tropical Storm Arlene (2011)Hurricane Beatriz (2011)Hurricane Adrian (2011)Typhoon Songda (2011)Tropical Storm Aere (2011)Cyclone BingizaCyclone YasiCyclone WilmaCyclone Vaniatropical cyclone basins

Systems

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January

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Cyclone Yasi

During January 2011, a total of 12 tropical cyclones, all of them, formed within the southern hemisphere. No tropical cyclone was observed in the northern hemisphere. Of the systems, 7 further intensified to become named. Out of the systems, Wilma was the most intense tropical cyclone, with a minimum barometric pressure of 935 mbar/hPa.

Tropical cyclones formed in January 2011
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph)
Pressure
(hPa)
Areas affected Damage
(USD)
Deaths Refs
03 January 2–3 55 (35) 996 Madagascar None None [5]
Vania January 5–15 100 (65) 973 Vanuatu, Fiji, New Caledonia, New Zealand unknown unknown [citation needed]
04F January 5–7 185 (115) 1002 New Caledonia $25 million 3 direct, 1 indirect
Vince January 10—15 75 (45) 986 None None None
Zelia January 12—17 185 (115) 943 New Caledonia, Norfolk Island, New Zealand None None
Wilma January 19–29 185 (115) 935 Samoan Islands, Tonga, New Zealand $22 million 3 [6]
07F January 20–22 65 (40) 996 New Caledonia None None
Anthony January 22–31 95 (60) 989 Queensland Minor None [citation needed]
Bianca January 23–30 175 (110) 949 Northern Territory, Western Australia Unknown 2 [7]
Yasi January 26–February 3 205 (125) 929 Tuvalu, Fiji, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Papua New Guinea, Australia $3.6 billion 1 [citation needed]
04 January 30–31 45 (30) 998 Réunion None None
13U January 31 Not Specified Not Specified None None None

February

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Cyclone Atu

10 systems formed and 5 named storms during February.

Tropical cyclones formed in February 2011
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph)
Pressure
(hPa)
Areas affected Damage
(USD)
Deaths Refs
BOB 01 February 2–3 45 (30) 1002 Sri Lanka 297 million 18 [8]
Zaka February 5–7 95 (60) 985 None None None
15U February 8–13 55 (35) 996 None None None
Bingiza February 9–17 155 (100) 957 Comoros, Madagascar Unknown 34 [citation needed]
Atu February 13–24 165 (105) 940 Vanuatu Unknown None [citation needed]
Dianne February 14–22 140 (85) 960 Western Australia Minimal None [citation needed]
Carlos February 14–27 120 (75) 969 Northern Territory, Western Australia $12.3 million None [citation needed]
06 February 15–18 45 (30) 1000 None None None
18U February 23–28 55 (35) 992 None None None
19U February 26–March 1 Not Specified 1000 Northern Territory None None

March

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Cyclone Bune

March was a relatively inactive month in which 11 systems formed, and only 3 received names.

Tropical cyclones formed in March 2011
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph)
Pressure
(hPa)
Areas affected Damage
(USD)
Deaths Refs
20U March 5 Not Specified Not Specified None None None
21U March 7–8 45 (30) 1004 None None None
12F March 7–9 45 (30) 1002 Vanuatu None None
22U March 10–15 Not Specified Not Specified None None None
Cherono March 10–23 75 (45) 993 Rodrigues Island None None
Arani March 14–16 85 (50) 989 Brazil None None
Bune March 22 – 29 130 (80) 967 Fiji None None
25U March 26–April 6 55 (35) 994 None None None
08 March 29–31 45 (30) 1004 None None None
26U March 30–April 1 Not Specified 1006 None None None
27U March 30–April 1 Not Specified 1006 None None None

April

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Subtropical Depression 09
 
Cyclone Errol
Tropical cyclones formed in April 2011
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph)
Pressure
(hPa)
Areas affected Damage
(USD)
Deaths Refs
01W April 1–4 55 (35) 1004 None None None
02W (Amang) April 3–6 55 (35) 1000 Mariana Islands None None
14F April 10–11 Not Specified 1005 Vanuatu None None
09 April 11–16 95 (60) 985 None None None
28U April 14–15 Not Specified Not Specified None None None
Errol April 14–20 100 (65) 986 Indonesia, Western Australia, Northern Territory None None
15F April 15–17 55 (35) 999 None None None
16F April 28–30 Not Specified 1002 None None None
 
Typhoon Songda

May was a mostly inactive month in which only 4 tropical cyclones formed, in which 2 received names.

Tropical cyclones formed in May 2011
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph)
Pressure
(hPa)
Areas affected Damage
(USD)
Deaths Refs
Aere (Bebeng) May 5–12 75 (45) 992 Philippines, Japan $34.4 million 48 [citation needed]
17F May 10–11 55 (35) 1000 None None None
Songda (Chedeng) May 19–29 195 (120) 920 Micronesia, Philippines, Japan $287 million 17 [citation needed]
TD May 31–June 1 Not specified 1004 None None None

June

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Hurricane Adrian
Tropical cyclones formed in June 2011
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph)
Pressure
(hPa)
Areas affected Damage
(USD)
Deaths Refs
Adrian June 7–12 220 (140) 944 Southwestern Mexico None None
Sarika (Dodong) June 8–11 75 (45) 996 Philippines, China $248 million 28 [citation needed]
ARB 01 June 11–12 45 (30) 996 India None None
TD June 14–15 Not specified 1004 China None None
Haima (Egay) June 16–25 75 (45) 985 Philippines, China, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand $167 million 18 [citation needed]
BOB 02 June 16–23 65 (40) 978 India None 6 [citation needed]
Beatriz June 19–22 150 (90) 977 Southwestern and Western Mexico None 4 [citation needed]
Meari (Falcon) June 20–27 110 (70) 970 Philippines, China, Japan, Korea $1.24 million 11 [citation needed]
Arlene June 28–July 1 100 (65) 993 Central America, Mexico, Texas, Florida $223.4 million 22 [citation needed]

July

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Hurricane Dora
Tropical cyclones formed in July 2011
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph)
Pressure
(hPa)
Areas affected Damage
(USD)
Deaths Refs
Calvin July 7–10 130 (80) 984 None None None
Goring July 8–10 45 (30) 1000 Taiwan, China None None
Ma-on (Ineng) July 11–24 175 (110) 935 Northern Mariana Islands, Japan $50 million 5 [citation needed]
Tokage (Hanna) July 13–15 65 (40) 1000 None None None
TD July 16–17 Not specified 1000 China None None
Bret July 17–22 110 (70) 995 Bahamas, Bermuda, East Coast of the United States None None
Dora July 18–24 250 (155) 929 Southwestern Mexico, Western Mexico, Baja California Peninsula, Southwestern United States Minimal None [citation needed]
Cindy July 20–22 110 (70) 994 Bermuda None None
LAND 01 July 22–23 35 (25) 990 India None None
Nock-ten (Juaning) July 24–31 95 (60) 985 Philippines, China, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand $126 million 128 [citation needed]
Muifa (Kabayan) July 25–August 9 175 (110) 930 Micronesia, Caroline Islands, Philippines, Japan, China, Korea, Russia $480 million 22 [citation needed]
Don July 27–30 85 (50) 997 Cuba, Yucatán Peninsula, Northeastern Mexico, Texas None None
Lando July 31–August 2 Not specified 1002 Philippines None None
Eugene July 31–August 6 220 (140) 942 None None None

August

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Typhoon Nanmadol
 
Hurricane Katia

August was the most active month of 2011, with 18 systems forming in the month.

Tropical cyclones formed in August 2011
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph)
Pressure
(hPa)
Areas affected Damage
(USD)
Deaths Refs
Emily August 2–7 85 (50) 1003 Antilles, Florida, Bahamas $5 million 5 [citation needed]
Merbok August 2–9 95 (60) 980 None None None
TD August 2–4 55 (35) 1008 Japan None None
13W August 8–14 55 (35) 1004 None None None
TD August 8–10 55 (35) 1008 None None None
Franklin August 12–13 75 (45) 1004 Bermuda None None
Gert August 13–16 100 (65) 1000 Bermuda None None
Fernanda August 15–19 110 (70) 992 None None None
Greg August 16–21 140 (85) 979 None None None
Harvey August 19–22 100 (65) 994 Lesser Antilles, Hispaniola, Central America, Mexico Minimal 5 [citation needed]
TD August 20–25 55 (35) 1004 None None None
Irene August 21–28 195 (120) 942 Lesser Antilles, Greater Antilles, Turks and Caicos, Bahamas, East Coast of the United States, Vermont, Atlantic Canada $14.2 billion 58 [citation needed]
Nanmadol (Mina) August 21–31 185 (115) 925 Philippines, Taiwan, China $1.49 billion 38 [citation needed]
Talas August 23–September 5 95 (60) 970 Japan $600 million 82 [citation needed]
Ten August 25–26 55 (35) 1006 None None None
Jose August 26–29 75 (45) 1006 Bermuda None None
Katia August 29–September 10 220 (140) 942 Lesser Antilles, East Coast of the United States, Canada, United Kingdom $157 million 4 [citation needed]
Eight-E August 31–September 1 55 (35) 1002 Southwestern Mexico, Western Mexico None None

September

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Typhoon Nalgae
 
Hurricane Hilary

September was a below-average month, with only 16 tropical cyclones forming in that month.

Tropical cyclones formed in September 2011
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph)
Pressure
(hPa)
Areas affected Damage
(USD)
Deaths Refs
Unnamed September 1–3 75 (45) 1002 None None None
Lee September 2–5 95 (60) 986 Gulf Coast of the United States, Eastern United States $2.8 billion 18 [citation needed]
Noru September 2–6 75 (45) 990 None None None
Kulap (Nonoy) September 6–11 65 (40) 1000 Japan, Korea None None
Maria September 6–16 130 (80) 983 Lesser Antilles, Bermuda, Newfoundland, Europe $1.3 million None [citation needed]
Nate September 7–11 120 (75) 994 Mexico Minimal 5 [citation needed]
Roke (Onyok) September 8–22 155 (100) 940 Japan, Russia, Alaska $1.2 billion 13 [citation needed]
TD September 13–15 Not specified 1002 Taiwan None None
Sonca September 14–20 130 (80) 970 None None None
Ophelia September 20–October 3 220 (140) 940 Leeward Islands, Bermuda, Newfoundland Minimal None [citation needed]
Hilary September 21–30 230 (145) 942 Southwestern Mexico Minimal None [citation needed]
BOB 03 September 22–23 45 (30) 995 India Unknown 42 [citation needed]
Nesat (Pedring) September 23–30 150 (90) 950 Philippines, China, Vietnam $2.12 billion 98 [citation needed]
Haitang September 24–27 65 (40) 996 China, Vietnam, Laos $20 million 25 [citation needed]
Philippe September 24–October 8 150 (90) 976 Cape Verde None None
Nalgae (Quiel) September 26–October 5 175 (110) 935 Philippines, China, Vietnam $250 million 18 [citation needed]

October

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Hurricane Jova
Tropical cyclones formed in October 2011
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph)
Pressure
(hPa)
Areas affected Damage
(USD)
Deaths Refs
Jova October 6–13 205 (125) 955 Southwestern Mexico, Western Mexico ≥$204 million 9 [citation needed]
Irwin October 6–16 155 (100) 976 Western Mexico None None
Banyan (Ramon) October 9–14 65 (40) 1002 Palau, Philippines $2.1 million 10 [citation needed]
TD October 10–13 Not specified 1006 China, Vietnam None None
Twelve-E October 12 35 (55) 1004 Southwestern Mexico, Central America Unknown 30 [citation needed]
BOB 04 October 19–20 55 (35) 1002 Bangladesh, Myanmar 1.64 million 215 [citation needed]
Rina October 23–28 185 (115) 966 Central America, Yucatán Peninsula, Cuba, Florida $2.3 million None [citation needed]
Keila October 29–November 4 65 (40) 996 Oman, Yemen $80 million 14 [citation needed]

November

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Hurricane Kenneth

November was inactive with only 7 tropical cyclones forming, as well as Rolf, a system that formed in the Mediterranean sea.

Tropical cyclones formed in November 2011
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph)
Pressure
(hPa)
Areas affected Damage
(USD)
Deaths Refs
ARB 03 November 6–10 55 (35) 1000 None None None
Rolf November 6–9 85 (50) 991 Italy, France, Switzerland, Spain >$1.25 billion 12 [citation needed]
24W November 7–10 45 (30) 1004 Vietnam None None
Sean November 8–11 100 (65) 982 Bermuda Minimal 1 [citation needed]
01F November 13–16 Not Specified 1004 Fiji None None
Kenneth November 19–25 230 (145) 940 None None None
ARB 04 November 26–December 1 55 (35) 998 Lakshadweep, India, Sri Lanka, Maldives Unknown 19 [citation needed]

December

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Cyclone Benilde
Tropical cyclones formed in December 2011
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph)
Pressure
(hPa)
Areas affected Damage
(USD)
Deaths Refs
Alenga December 3–11 140 (85) 972 None None None
25W December 4–5 45 (30) 1006 Brunei, Malaysia None None
02 December 6–9 55 (35) 998 Mauritius None None
26W December 10–14 55 (35) 1004 Philippines None 4 [citation needed]
Washi (Sendong) December 13–19 95 (60) 992 Philippines, Micronesia, Palau $97.8 million 2,546 [citation needed]
Fina December 18–23 65 (40) 994 Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia None None
03 December 19–23 55 (35) 1000 Madagascar None None
Benilde December 21–January 4 150 (90) 968 None None None
Grant December 21–January 2 100 (65) 978 Northern Territory Minor None [citation needed]
TD December 24 Not specified 1002 None None None
Thane December 25–December 31 140 (85) 969 India, Sri Lanka $235 million 46 [citation needed]
05U December 26–28 Not Specified Not Specified None None None
02F December 28–January 1 Not Specified 1002 Niue, Cook Islands None None
TD December 31–January 1 Not specified 1008 Malaysia None None

Global effects

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Season name Areas affected Systems formed Named storms Damage (USD) Deaths
2011 Atlantic hurricane season 1 Central America, Mexico, Texas, Florida, Bahamas, Bermuda, East Coast of the United States, Cuba, Yucatán Peninsula, Northeastern Mexico, Antilles, Lesser Antilles, Hispaniola, US Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, Lucayan Archipelago, Eastern United States, North Carolina, New Jersey, Canada, Gulf Coast of the United States, Newfoundland, Europe, Leeward Islands, Quintana Roo, 20 18 $17.39 billion 118
2011 Pacific hurricane season 1 Southwestern Mexico, Western Mexico, Baja California Peninsula, Southwestern United States, Central America 13 11 $203.67 million 43
2011 Pacific typhoon season 2 3 Mariana Islands, Philippines, Japan, Micronesia, China, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Korea, Taiwan, Caroline Islands, Palau, Malaysia 39 21 $7.68 billion 3,111
2011 North Indian Ocean cyclone season Sri Lanka, India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Oman, Yemen, Lakshadweep, 10 2 $603.64 million 367
2010–11 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season 2 Comoros, Madagascar, Réunion 7 2 None 34
2011–12 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season 3 Madagascar 3 2 None None
2010–11 Australian region cyclone season 2 Northern Territory, Western Australia, Solomon Islands, Indonesia 19 7 $2.7 billion 3
2011–12 Australian region cyclone season Papua New Guinea, Northern Territory 4 2 None None
2010–11 South Pacific cyclone season 2 Fiji, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Norfolk Island, Samoan Islands, Tonga 15 7 >$33 million 14
2011–12 South Pacific cyclone season 3 Fiji, Niue, Cook Islands 2 0 None None
South Atlantic tropical cyclone Brazil 1 1 None None
Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone Italy, France, Switzerland, Spain 1 1 > $1.25 billion 12
Worldwide (See above) 134[a] 74 $29.86 billion 3,702
  1. ^ The sum of the number of systems and fatalities in each basin will not equal the number shown as the total. This is because when systems move between basins, it creates a discrepancy in the actual number of systems and fatalities.

See also

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Notes

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1The "strength" of a tropical cyclone is measured by the minimum barometric pressure, not wind speed. Most meteorological organizations rate the intensity of a storm by this figure, so the lower the minimum pressure of the storm, the more intense or "stronger" it is considered to be.
2 Only systems that formed either on or after January 1, 2011 are counted in the seasonal totals.
3 Only systems that formed either before or on December 31, 2011 are counted in the seasonal totals.
4 The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone/basin are based on the IMD Scale which uses 3-minute sustained winds.
5 The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone/basin are based on the Saffir Simpson Scale which uses 1-minute sustained winds.
6The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone are based on Météo-France which uses wind gusts.

References

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  1. ^ "WMO Outlook Jan 2011" (PDF).
  2. ^ "WMO Outlook May 2011" (PDF).
  3. ^ "WMO Outlook Sep 2011" (PDF).
  4. ^ "WMO Outlook Nov 2011" (PDF).
  5. ^ "WebCite query result". www.webcitation.org. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22. Retrieved 2020-08-24. {{cite web}}: Cite uses generic title (help)
  6. ^ "WebCite query result". www.webcitation.org. Archived from the original on 2017-10-27. Retrieved 2020-08-28. {{cite web}}: Cite uses generic title (help)
  7. ^ Rimrod, Fran (2011-01-30). "Bianca's forerunner brought death and destruction". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2020-08-29.
  8. ^ "Sri Lanka: Monsoon Flood Update Situation Report 13" (PDF). UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. ReliefWeb. February 11, 2011. Retrieved August 29, 2020.
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