The 2012 United States presidential election in Illinois took place on November 6, 2012, as part of the 2012 United States presidential election in which all 50 states plus the District of Columbia participated. Illinois voters chose 20 electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote pitting incumbent Democratic President Barack Obama and his running mate, Vice President Joe Biden, against Republican challenger and former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney and his running mate, Congressman Paul Ryan. The Obama/Biden ticket won Illinois with 57.50% of the popular vote to Romney/Ryan's 40.66%, thus winning the state's twenty electoral votes by a margin of 16.84%.[1]
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Turnout | 69.70% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Obama's victory continued a Democratic winning streak in the state — with the Democratic candidate having carried Illinois through six consecutive elections. However, despite Obama's win in 2008 and popularity in the state due to being its former U.S. Senator, his performance significantly worsened, with his margin of victory decreasing from 25.10% to 16.84% and losing 23 counties to Romney that he had won four years prior. Obama further became the first ever Democrat to win the White House without carrying Gallatin or Macoupin Counties, as well as the first since Woodrow Wilson in 1916 to win the White House without carrying Madison County. While Obama only won 23% of the counties in Illinois, most of the counties he won were heavily populated. His 17-point victory can be largely attributed to his performance in Cook County, which encompasses the Chicago Metropolitan Area. He also won the once Republican-favored collar counties (DuPage, Will and Lake). He also performed well in the East St. Louis area.
As of the 2024 presidential election, this is the last time a Democrat has won Alexander, Carroll, Fulton, Henderson, Henry, Jo Daviess, Knox, Mercer, Putnam, Warren, and Whiteside counties. Also, as a result of this election, Clark, Clay, Effingham, Edwards, Iroquois, Jasper, Massac, Richland, Wabash, and Wayne are the only counties in the state that never voted for Obama in his two runs for the presidency or in his landslide election to the Senate.
Primary elections
editDemocratic primary
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212 Democratic National Convention delegates (189 pledged, 26 unpledged) The number of pledged delegates won is determined by the popular vote | |||||||||||||||||||
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Barack Obama |
The 2012 Illinois Democratic presidential primary was held on March 20, 2012, in the U.S. state of Illinois as one of the Republican Party's state primaries ahead of the 2012 presidential election. Incumbent president Barack Obama won the primary. Obama was running for reelection without a major opponent.
Obama won all 189 of the state's bound delegates (the state also had 26 superdelegates).[2]
2012 Illinois Democratic presidential primary[2][3] | |||
Candidate | Votes | Percentage | Delegates |
---|---|---|---|
Barack Obama (incumbent) | 652,583 | 99.98% | 189 |
Randall Terry | 134 | 0.02% | 0 |
Totals | 652,717 | 100.00% | 189 |
Republican primary
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County results Romney: 30–40% 40–50% 50–60% Santorum: 30–40% 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% |
The 2012 Illinois Republican presidential primary was held on March 20, 2012, in the U.S. state of Illinois as one of the Republican Party's state primaries ahead of the 2012 presidential election.[4][5] For the state-run primaries (Democratic and Republican), turnout was 21.72%, with 1,586,171 votes cast.[3]
Candidate | Votes | Percentage | Projected delegate count | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
NYT | CNN [6] |
FOX | |||
Mitt Romney | 435,859 | 46.69% | 42 | 41 | 42 |
Rick Santorum | 326,778 | 35.01% | 12 | 10 | 12 |
Ron Paul | 87,044 | 9.32% | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Newt Gingrich | 74,482 | 7.98% | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Rick Perry (withdrawn) | 5,568 | 0.60% | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Buddy Roemer (withdrawn) | 3,723 | 0.40% | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Unprojected delegates: | 0 | 3 | 0 | ||
Total: | 933,454 | 100.00% | 54 | 54 | 54 |
Green
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31 Green National Convention delegates | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The 2012 Illinois Green Party Convention was held on February 24, and saw a binding presidential preference vote cast, awarding delegates, as part of the Green Party's state primaries ahead of the 2012 presidential election.[7]
Unlike the primaries for the major parties, this primary was run by the Green Party of Illinois itself, rather than by the state.
Candidate | Votes | Percentage | National delegates |
---|---|---|---|
Jill Stein | 109 | 71.24% | 22 |
Roseanne Barr (write-in) | 27 | 17.65% | 5 |
Kent Mesplay | 8 | 5.23% | 2 |
Uncommitted | 8 | 5.23% | 2 |
Others | 1 | 0.65% | 0 |
Total | 153 | 100% | 31 |
General election
editPredictions
editSource | Ranking | As of |
---|---|---|
Huffington Post[9] | Safe D | November 6, 2012 |
CNN[10] | Safe D | November 6, 2012 |
New York Times[11] | Safe D | November 6, 2012 |
Washington Post[12] | Safe D | November 6, 2012 |
RealClearPolitics[13] | Solid D | November 6, 2012 |
Sabato's Crystal Ball[14] | Solid D | November 5, 2012 |
FiveThirtyEight[15] | Solid D | November 6, 2012 |
Results
edit2012 United States presidential election in Illinois[1] | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Running mate | Votes | Percentage | Electoral votes | |
Democratic | Barack Obama (Incumbent) | Joe Biden (Incumbent) | 3,019,512 | 57.50% | 20 | |
Republican | Mitt Romney | Paul Ryan | 2,135,216 | 40.66% | 0 | |
Libertarian | Gary Johnson | James P. Gray | 56,229 | 1.07% | 0 | |
Green | Jill Stein | Howie Hawkins | 30,222 | 0.58% | 0 | |
Write-ins | Write-ins | 835 | 0.02% | 0 | ||
Totals | 5,242,014 | 100.00% | 20 |
By county
editCounty | Barack Obama Democratic |
Mitt Romney Republican |
Various candidates Other parties |
Margin | Total votes cast | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
# | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | ||
Adams | 9,648 | 31.43% | 20,416 | 66.51% | 633 | 2.06% | -10,768 | -35.08% | 30,697 |
Alexander | 1,965 | 56.13% | 1,487 | 42.47% | 49 | 1.40% | 478 | 13.66% | 3,501 |
Bond | 3,020 | 40.95% | 4,095 | 55.53% | 260 | 3.52% | -1,075 | -14.58% | 7,375 |
Boone | 9,883 | 46.09% | 11,096 | 51.75% | 462 | 2.16% | -1,213 | -5.66% | 21,441 |
Brown | 787 | 33.29% | 1,513 | 64.00% | 64 | 2.71% | -726 | -30.71% | 2,364 |
Bureau | 8,134 | 48.75% | 8,164 | 48.93% | 388 | 2.32% | -30 | -0.18% | 16,686 |
Calhoun | 1,080 | 41.93% | 1,440 | 55.90% | 56 | 2.17% | -360 | -13.97% | 2,576 |
Carroll | 3,665 | 49.49% | 3,555 | 48.00% | 186 | 2.51% | 110 | 1.49% | 7,406 |
Cass | 2,053 | 42.09% | 2,707 | 55.49% | 118 | 2.42% | -654 | -13.40% | 4,878 |
Champaign | 40,831 | 51.94% | 35,312 | 44.92% | 2,466 | 3.14% | 5,519 | 7.02% | 78,609 |
Christian | 5,494 | 37.31% | 8,885 | 60.33% | 348 | 2.36% | -3,391 | -23.02% | 14,727 |
Clark | 2,591 | 32.86% | 5,144 | 65.23% | 151 | 1.91% | -2,553 | -32.37% | 7,886 |
Clay | 1,584 | 26.81% | 4,190 | 70.92% | 134 | 2.27% | -2,606 | -44.11% | 5,908 |
Clinton | 5,596 | 33.95% | 10,524 | 63.86% | 361 | 2.19% | -4,928 | -29.91% | 16,481 |
Coles | 9,262 | 43.21% | 11,631 | 54.26% | 544 | 2.53% | -2,369 | -11.05% | 21,437 |
Cook | 1,488,537 | 73.88% | 495,542 | 24.59% | 30,740 | 1.53% | 992,995 | 49.29% | 2,014,819 |
Crawford | 2,858 | 33.11% | 5,585 | 64.69% | 190 | 2.20% | -2,727 | -31.58% | 8,633 |
Cumberland | 1,641 | 30.99% | 3,509 | 66.27% | 145 | 2.74% | -1,868 | -35.28% | 5,295 |
DeKalb | 21,207 | 51.42% | 18,934 | 45.91% | 1,100 | 2.67% | 2,273 | 5.51% | 41,241 |
DeWitt | 2,601 | 35.30% | 4,579 | 62.15% | 188 | 2.55% | -1,978 | -26.85% | 7,368 |
Douglas | 2,430 | 30.68% | 5,334 | 67.34% | 157 | 1.98% | -2,904 | -36.66% | 7,921 |
DuPage | 199,460 | 49.73% | 195,046 | 48.63% | 6,575 | 1.64% | 4,414 | 1.10% | 401,081 |
Edgar | 2,565 | 32.74% | 5,132 | 65.50% | 138 | 1.76% | -2,567 | -32.76% | 7,835 |
Edwards | 754 | 23.36% | 2,405 | 74.50% | 69 | 2.14% | -1,651 | -51.14% | 3,228 |
Effingham | 3,861 | 23.24% | 12,501 | 75.25% | 251 | 1.51% | -8,640 | -52.01% | 16,613 |
Fayette | 2,853 | 31.66% | 5,951 | 66.03% | 208 | 2.31% | -3,098 | -34.37% | 9,012 |
Ford | 1,656 | 27.49% | 4,229 | 70.20% | 139 | 2.31% | -2,573 | -42.71% | 6,024 |
Franklin | 7,254 | 40.49% | 10,267 | 57.31% | 393 | 2.20% | -3,013 | -16.82% | 17,914 |
Fulton | 8,328 | 54.04% | 6,632 | 43.03% | 451 | 2.93% | 1,696 | 11.01% | 15,411 |
Gallatin | 1,029 | 39.99% | 1,492 | 57.99% | 52 | 2.02% | -463 | -18.00% | 2,573 |
Greene | 2,023 | 35.89% | 3,451 | 61.22% | 163 | 2.89% | -1,428 | -25.33% | 5,637 |
Grundy | 9,451 | 44.34% | 11,343 | 53.22% | 519 | 2.44% | -1,892 | -8.88% | 21,313 |
Hamilton | 1,269 | 32.20% | 2,566 | 65.11% | 106 | 2.69% | -1,297 | -32.91% | 3,941 |
Hancock | 3,650 | 40.06% | 5,271 | 57.85% | 190 | 2.09% | -1,621 | -17.79% | 9,111 |
Hardin | 742 | 31.85% | 1,535 | 65.88% | 53 | 2.27% | -793 | -34.03% | 2,330 |
Henderson | 1,978 | 55.44% | 1,541 | 43.19% | 49 | 1.37% | 437 | 12.25% | 3,568 |
Henry | 12,332 | 50.53% | 11,583 | 47.46% | 490 | 2.01% | 749 | 3.07% | 24,405 |
Iroquois | 3,413 | 26.64% | 9,120 | 71.19% | 278 | 2.17% | -5,707 | -44.55% | 12,811 |
Jackson | 13,319 | 55.26% | 9,864 | 40.92% | 921 | 3.82% | 3,455 | 14.34% | 24,104 |
Jasper | 1,436 | 28.48% | 3,514 | 69.68% | 93 | 1.84% | -2,078 | -41.20% | 5,043 |
Jefferson | 6,089 | 37.31% | 9,811 | 60.12% | 420 | 2.57% | -3,722 | -22.81% | 16,320 |
Jersey | 3,667 | 36.67% | 6,039 | 60.38% | 295 | 2.95% | -2,372 | -23.71% | 10,001 |
Jo Daviess | 5,667 | 49.58% | 5,534 | 48.42% | 228 | 2.00% | 133 | 1.16% | 11,429 |
Johnson | 1,572 | 27.61% | 3,963 | 69.60% | 159 | 2.79% | -2,391 | -41.99% | 5,694 |
Kane | 90,332 | 49.71% | 88,335 | 48.61% | 3,058 | 1.68% | 1,997 | 1.10% | 181,725 |
Kankakee | 21,595 | 47.30% | 23,136 | 50.68% | 923 | 2.02% | -1,541 | -3.38% | 45,654 |
Kendall | 22,471 | 47.39% | 24,047 | 50.71% | 900 | 1.90% | -1,576 | -3.32% | 47,418 |
Knox | 13,451 | 57.59% | 9,408 | 40.28% | 497 | 2.13% | 4,043 | 17.31% | 23,356 |
Lake | 153,757 | 53.48% | 129,764 | 45.14% | 3,972 | 1.38% | 23,993 | 8.34% | 287,493 |
LaSalle | 23,073 | 48.67% | 23,256 | 49.06% | 1,076 | 2.27% | -183 | -0.39% | 47,405 |
Lawrence | 2,011 | 33.58% | 3,857 | 64.40% | 121 | 2.02% | -1,846 | -30.82% | 5,989 |
Lee | 6,937 | 45.20% | 8,059 | 52.51% | 352 | 2.29% | -1,122 | -7.31% | 15,348 |
Livingston | 5,020 | 33.30% | 9,753 | 64.69% | 304 | 2.01% | -4,733 | -31.39% | 15,077 |
Logan | 3,978 | 32.91% | 7,844 | 64.89% | 266 | 2.20% | -3,866 | -31.98% | 12,088 |
Macon | 22,780 | 46.46% | 25,309 | 51.62% | 941 | 1.92% | -2,529 | -5.16% | 49,030 |
Macoupin | 9,464 | 44.89% | 10,946 | 51.92% | 673 | 3.19% | -1,482 | -7.03% | 21,083 |
Madison | 58,922 | 47.95% | 60,608 | 49.32% | 3,355 | 2.73% | -1,686 | -1.37% | 122,885 |
Marion | 6,225 | 39.35% | 9,248 | 58.46% | 347 | 2.19% | -3,023 | -19.11% | 15,820 |
Marshall | 2,455 | 41.83% | 3,290 | 56.06% | 124 | 2.11% | -835 | -14.23% | 5,869 |
Mason | 2,867 | 45.54% | 3,265 | 51.86% | 164 | 2.60% | -398 | -6.32% | 6,296 |
Massac | 2,092 | 32.21% | 4,278 | 65.87% | 125 | 1.92% | -2,186 | -33.66% | 6,495 |
McDonough | 5,967 | 47.91% | 6,147 | 49.36% | 340 | 2.73% | -180 | -1.45% | 12,454 |
McHenry | 59,797 | 44.55% | 71,598 | 53.34% | 2,842 | 2.11% | -11,801 | -8.79% | 134,237 |
McLean | 31,883 | 43.40% | 39,947 | 54.37% | 1,639 | 2.23% | -8,064 | -10.97% | 73,469 |
Menard | 2,100 | 34.14% | 3,948 | 64.18% | 103 | 1.68% | -1,848 | -30.04% | 6,151 |
Mercer | 4,507 | 52.60% | 3,876 | 45.24% | 185 | 2.16% | 631 | 7.36% | 8,568 |
Monroe | 6,215 | 35.53% | 10,888 | 62.24% | 391 | 2.23% | -4,673 | -26.71% | 17,494 |
Montgomery | 5,058 | 41.50% | 6,776 | 55.60% | 354 | 2.90% | -1,718 | -14.10% | 12,188 |
Morgan | 5,806 | 41.06% | 7,972 | 56.37% | 364 | 2.57% | -2,166 | -15.31% | 14,142 |
Moultrie | 2,144 | 35.29% | 3,784 | 62.29% | 147 | 2.42% | -1,640 | -27.00% | 6,075 |
Ogle | 9,514 | 40.72% | 13,422 | 57.44% | 431 | 1.84% | -3,908 | -16.72% | 23,367 |
Peoria | 40,209 | 51.28% | 36,774 | 46.90% | 1,428 | 1.82% | 3,435 | 4.38% | 78,411 |
Perry | 3,819 | 39.99% | 5,507 | 57.67% | 223 | 2.34% | -1,688 | -17.68% | 9,549 |
Piatt | 3,090 | 35.35% | 5,413 | 61.92% | 239 | 2.73% | -2,323 | -26.57% | 8,742 |
Pike | 2,278 | 31.20% | 4,860 | 66.56% | 164 | 2.24% | -2,582 | -35.36% | 7,302 |
Pope | 650 | 29.25% | 1,512 | 68.05% | 60 | 2.70% | -862 | -38.80% | 2,222 |
Pulaski | 1,389 | 46.12% | 1,564 | 51.93% | 59 | 1.95% | -175 | -5.81% | 3,012 |
Putnam | 1,559 | 49.60% | 1,502 | 47.79% | 82 | 2.61% | 57 | 1.81% | 3,143 |
Randolph | 5,759 | 39.89% | 8,290 | 57.42% | 389 | 2.69% | -2,531 | -17.53% | 14,438 |
Richland | 2,362 | 32.44% | 4,756 | 65.31% | 164 | 2.25% | -2,394 | -32.87% | 7,282 |
Rock Island | 39,157 | 60.04% | 24,934 | 38.23% | 1,126 | 1.73% | 14,223 | 21.81% | 65,217 |
Saline | 3,701 | 34.52% | 6,806 | 63.49% | 213 | 1.99% | -3,105 | -28.97% | 10,720 |
Sangamon | 42,107 | 44.65% | 50,225 | 53.26% | 1,965 | 2.09% | -8,118 | -8.61% | 94,297 |
Schuyler | 1,727 | 44.26% | 2,069 | 53.02% | 106 | 2.72% | -342 | -8.76% | 3,902 |
Scott | 910 | 35.44% | 1,587 | 61.80% | 71 | 2.76% | -677 | -26.36% | 2,568 |
Shelby | 3,342 | 32.01% | 6,843 | 65.55% | 254 | 2.44% | -3,501 | -33.54% | 10,439 |
St. Clair | 67,285 | 56.15% | 50,125 | 41.83% | 2,417 | 2.02% | 17,160 | 14.32% | 119,827 |
Stark | 1,095 | 41.13% | 1,528 | 57.40% | 39 | 1.47% | -433 | -16.27% | 2,662 |
Stephenson | 10,165 | 48.11% | 10,512 | 49.75% | 451 | 2.14% | -347 | -1.64% | 21,128 |
Tazewell | 24,438 | 39.88% | 35,335 | 57.66% | 1,509 | 2.46% | -10,897 | -17.78% | 61,282 |
Union | 3,137 | 37.71% | 4,957 | 59.59% | 224 | 2.70% | -1,820 | -21.88% | 8,318 |
Vermilion | 12,878 | 42.36% | 16,892 | 55.57% | 630 | 2.07% | -4,014 | -13.21% | 30,400 |
Wabash | 1,590 | 30.97% | 3,478 | 67.74% | 66 | 1.29% | -1,888 | -36.77% | 5,134 |
Warren | 4,044 | 51.73% | 3,618 | 46.28% | 156 | 1.99% | 426 | 5.45% | 7,818 |
Washington | 2,450 | 32.95% | 4,792 | 64.45% | 193 | 2.60% | -2,342 | -31.50% | 7,435 |
Wayne | 1,514 | 19.67% | 5,988 | 77.80% | 195 | 2.53% | -4,474 | -58.13% | 7,697 |
White | 2,188 | 30.90% | 4,731 | 66.80% | 163 | 2.30% | -2,543 | -35.90% | 7,082 |
Whiteside | 14,833 | 57.43% | 10,448 | 40.45% | 547 | 2.12% | 4,385 | 16.98% | 25,828 |
Will | 144,229 | 51.85% | 128,969 | 46.36% | 4,967 | 1.79% | 15,260 | 5.49% | 278,165 |
Williamson | 10,647 | 36.40% | 17,909 | 61.22% | 698 | 2.38% | -7,262 | -24.82% | 29,254 |
Winnebago | 61,732 | 51.70% | 55,138 | 46.18% | 2,527 | 2.12% | 6,594 | 5.52% | 119,397 |
Woodford | 5,572 | 29.42% | 12,961 | 68.44% | 405 | 2.14% | -7,389 | -39.02% | 18,938 |
Totals | 3,019,512 | 57.50% | 2,135,216 | 40.66% | 96,704 | 1.84% | 884,296 | 16.84% | 5,251,432 |
- Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican
- Boone (largest city: Belvidere)
- Bureau (largest city: Princeton)
- Calhoun (largest village: Hardin)
- Cass (largest city: Beardstown)
- Coles (largest city: Charleston)
- Gallatin (largest city: Shawneetown)
- Grundy (largest city: Morris)
- Kankakee (largest city: Kankakee)
- Kendall (largest village: Oswego)
- LaSalle (largest city: Ottawa)
- Macon (largest city: Decatur)
- Mason (largest city: Havana)
- Macoupin (largest city: Carlinville)
- Madison (largest city: Granite City)
- McDonough (largest city: Macomb)
- McHenry (largest city: Crystal Lake)
- McLean (largest city: Bloomington)
- Montgomery (largest city: Litchfield)
- Pulaski (largest city: Mounds)
- Sangamon (largest city: Springfield)
- Schuyler (largest city: Rushville)
- Stephenson (largest city: Freeport)
- Vermilion (largest city: Danville)
By congressional district
editObama won 12 of 18 congressional districts.[17]
District | Romney | Obama | Representative |
---|---|---|---|
1st | 20.25% | 78.94% | Bobby Rush |
2nd | 18.53% | 80.7% | Jesse Jackson Jr. |
3rd | 42.98% | 55.93% | Dan Lipinski |
4th | 17.06% | 80.9% | Luis Gutierrez |
5th | 31.81% | 66% | Mike Quigley |
6th | 53.31% | 45.1% | Peter Roskam |
7th | 11.79% | 87.22% | Danny K. Davis |
8th | 40.94% | 57.39% | Tammy Duckworth |
9th | 33.29% | 65% | Jan Schakowsky |
10th | 41.14% | 57.52% | Brad Schneider |
11th | 40.64% | 57.82% | Bill Foster |
12th | 48.13% | 49.74% | William Enyart |
13th | 48.95% | 48.64% | Rodney Davis |
14th | 54.2% | 44.18% | Randy Hultgren |
15th | 63.94% | 34.06% | John Shimkus |
16th | 52.89% | 45.17% | Adam Kinzinger |
17th | 40.64% | 57.58% | Cheri Bustos |
18th | 60.66% | 37.4% | Aaron Schock |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Borgsmiller, Rupert T. (Executive Director) (December 12, 2012). Official Canvass of the Illinois 2012 General Election. Springfield, Illinois: Illinois State Board of Elections. Retrieved January 16, 2024.
- ^ a b "Illinois Democratic Delegation 2012". www.thegreenpapers.com. The Green Papers. Retrieved March 24, 2020.
- ^ a b c Borgsmiller, Rupert T. (Executive Director) (March 20, 2012). Official Canvass of the Illinois 2012 Primary Election. Springfield, Illinois: Illinois State Board of Elections. Retrieved January 16, 2024.
- ^ "Primary and Caucus Printable Calendar". CNN. Retrieved January 11, 2012.
- ^ "Presidential Primary Dates" (PDF). Federal Election Commission. Retrieved January 23, 2012.
- ^ "America's Choice 2012 Election Center: Results - Illinois". CNN. Archived from the original on July 29, 2012. Retrieved July 19, 2012.
- ^ a b "2012 Illinois Green Primary". February 24, 2012. Retrieved August 6, 2020.
- ^ "2012 Illinois Green Primary results". Archived from the original on November 16, 2012.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ "Huffington Post Election Dashboard". HuffPost. Archived from the original on August 13, 2013.
- ^ "America's Choice 2012 Election Center: CNN Electoral Map". CNN. Archived from the original on January 19, 2013.
- ^ "Election 2012 - The Electoral Map: Building a Path to Victory". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 8, 2012.
- ^ "2012 Presidential Election Results". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on July 26, 2012.
- ^ "RealClearPolitics - 2012 Election Maps - Battle for White House". Archived from the original on June 8, 2011.
- ^ "PROJECTION: OBAMA WILL LIKELY WIN SECOND TERM".
- ^ "Nate Silver's political calculations predict 2012 election outcome".
- ^ "2012 Presidential General Election Data Graphs - Illinois". uselectionatlas.org.
- ^ "Daily Kos Elections' statewide election results by congressional and legislative districts". Daily Kos. Retrieved August 11, 2020.
External links
edit- The Green Papers: for Illinois
- The Green Papers: Major state elections in chronological order