Wikipedia

2013 Honduran general election

General elections were held in Honduras on 24 November 2013.[1] Voters went to the polls to elect a new President, the 128 members of the National Congress, 298 Mayors and vice-mayors and their respective councilors and 20 representatives to the Central American Parliament.

2013 Honduran general election
← 2009 24 November 2013 2017 →
Presidential election
Registered5,308,781
Turnout59.14% (Increase 9.26pp)
 
Nominee Juan Orlando Hernández Xiomara Castro
Party National Libre
Popular vote 1,149,302 896,498
Percentage 36.89% 28.78%
 
Nominee Mauricio Villeda Salvador Nasralla
Party Liberal Anti-Corruption
Popular vote 632,320 418,443
Percentage 20.30% 13.43%
Hernández:      <30%      30-40%      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Castro:      30-40%      40-50%      50–60%
Villeda:      <30%      30-40%      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%
Nasralla:      <30%      30-40%      40–50%
President before election

Porfirio Lobo Sosa
National

Elected President

Juan Orlando Hernández
National

Parliamentary election
All 128 seats in the National Congress
65 seats needed for a majority
Party Leader Vote % Seats +/–
National Porfirio Lobo Sosa 33.64 48 −23
Libre Manuel Zelaya 27.51 37 New
Liberal Mauricio Villeda 16.97 27 −18
PAC Salvador Nasralla 15.15 13 New
PINU Jorge Aguilar Paredes 1.84 1 −2
UD Matías Funes 1.67 1 −3
CD Lucas Evangelisto Aguilera Pineda 1.62 1 −4
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
Results of the congressional election
President of the Congress before President of the Congress after
Juan Orlando Hernández
National		 Mauricio Oliva
National

The closely watched presidential election saw a field of eight candidates vying to succeed outgoing President Porfirio Lobo Sosa, who is not eligible to run for re-election. Salvador Nasralla, a sports journalist and television personality, and Xiomara Castro, the wife of the deposed president Mel Zelaya, both candidates from newly formed political parties (the Anti-Corruption Party and Libre, respectively) were leading in most of the early polls. However, as the election neared, the candidates of the two traditional parties – Juan Orlando Hernández of the National Party and Mauricio Villeda of the Liberal Party – both surged in the polls.

The elections were the first since 1954 in which a party other than the National Party and Liberal Party received over 7% of the vote and more than five seats in the legislature in a general election. It was also the first time the Liberal Party did not finish either first or second in an election since the 1920s.

Background

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This is the first election to be contested by the opposition since the controversial and polarising 2009 Honduran coup d'état. The social mobilization since then led to the founding of the main opposition party, Libre.[2]

Two-party system

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Honduras has historically been dominated by a two-party system – the National Party and the Liberal Party. This election represents the first time in Honduran history in which other parties had a chance at winning the presidency or at least gaining a significant representation in the Congress, four of which find their genesis post-coup.[3]

Human rights concerns

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The elections took place amidst a deteriorating human rights situations.[4] Amnesty International called attention to the killings of human rights defenders in the lead-up to the election, noting that Honduras had the highest homicide rate in the world yet only twenty percent of homicides were investigated.[4] Honduran human rights organizations formed the Board of Analysis on the Human Rights Situation to monitor human rights violations surrounding the election,[5] pointing to the level of political violence in the country: human rights group Rights Action examined the period between May 2012 and October 2013 and documented 36 killings and 24 armed attacks against pre-candidates, candidates, their families and campaign leaders across all parties, with Libre experiencing the majority of both armed attacks and killings.[6] In light of this situation, 24 U.S. Senators signed a letter to the U.S. State Department expressing their concerns about the upcoming elections.[7]

Campaign

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Key electoral issues have been citizen security, organized crime, unemployment, and corruption.[8] One of the main components of Hernández's campaign is his promise to put "a soldier on every corner."[9] For her part, Castro has emphasized the need for community policing and secure borders.[10]

Presidential candidates

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Candidate Running mates Party
Juan Orlando Hernández National Party
Xiomara Castro
  1. Juan Alberto Barahona Mejía
  2. Juliette Handal
  3. Eduardo Enrique Reina García
 Liberty and Refoundation
Mauricio Villeda
  1. María Cristina González Romero
  2. José Martín Chicas Munguía
  3. Lía Argentina Bueso Chinchilla
 Liberal Party
Salvador Nasralla
  1. Soraya Asunción Salabarrieta
  2. Selene Suyara Sánchez Sierra
  3. Ricardo Emigdio Mena
 Anti-Corruption Party
Romeo Vásquez Velásquez
  1. Nadia Kafaty Geadah
  2. Amílcar Santamaría
  3. Graciamaría Agüero Guevara
 Patriotic Alliance
Orle Solís
  1. Gessy Yolany Torres Rodríguez
  2. Gertrúdiz Ramos Escobar
  3. Luis Fernando Zúniga Cuesta
 Christian Democratic Party
Jorge Aguilar Paredes
  1. Sonia Matilde Fiallos
  2. Guillermo Enrique Valle
  3. Myrna Maritza Castellanos
 Innovation and Unity Party
Andrés Pavón
  1. Lourdes Marlen Cruz
  2. Adolfo Cruz Ruiz
  3. Mirian Rosaura Jácome Mejía
 FAPER–Democratic Unification

Primaries

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Primaries were held for the National Party, Liberal Party and Libre.

National

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Juan Orlando Hernández, president of the National Congress of Honduras, won the presidential nomination of the National Party. The other candidates were Ricardo Álvarez (the Mayor of Tegucigalpa), Fernando Anduray (National Congress deputy), Victor Hugo Barnica (Third Vice President of Honduras), Eva Fernandez, Loreley Fernandez, and Miguel Pastor (Secretary of State for Public Works, Transport, and Housing). The Supreme Electoral Tribunal certified Hernández's victory, but Álvarez immediately presented an appeal, accusing Hernández of fraud and asking for a recount.[11] The appeal was rejected by the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court, four of whose five members were replaced by Hernández a month earlier in a move widely criticized as an illegal "technical coup".[9][12][13] Álvarez and Pastor refused to attend the party convention in protest, claiming that they were being persecuted by their own party.[14]

Liberal

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Mauricio Villeda, won the presidential nomination of the Liberal Party. Other candidates in the fray for the presidential nomination were Esteban Handal Perez and Yani Rosenthal (National Congress deputy and former Minister of Presidency).[citation needed]

Libre

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Xiomara Castro de Zelaya, former First Lady of Honduras, was the sole presidential candidate in the Libre primaries.[citation needed]

Opinion polls

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President

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Pollster Date Sample size Hernández
  		Castro
  		Villeda
  		Nasralla
  		Other Undecided/
abstention
Cid/Gallup[15] 6–12 September 2013 1,220 27% 29% 15% 11% — —
Paradigma[16] 16–24 September 2013 2,400 21.9% 22.8% 12.0% 10.0% 1% 34.3%
Cid/Gallup[17] 9–15 October 2013 1,525 28% 27% 17% 9% — —
Paradigma[18] 10–19 October 2013 4,025 25.7% 22.2% 10.7% 9.9% 0.7% 30.8%

Congress

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Pollster Date Sample PN Libre PL PAC Other party None/Independents/No answer
Cid/Gallup[15] 6–12 September 2013 1,220 32% 22% 21% 8% 17%
Paradigma[16] 16–24 September 2013 2,400 28.7% 20.6% 19.1% 3.7% 0.9% 27.0%
TecniMerk[19] 28 September – 5 October 2013 2,500 28.5% 28.2% 14.8% 9.6%
Cid/Gallup[17] 9–15 October 2013 1,525 35% 19% 22% 6% 18%
Paradigma[18] 10–19 October 2013 4,025 30.0% 20.0% 18.0% 3.2% 0.5% 28.3%

Conduct

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Honduran elections have historically been marred by fraud,[20][21][22] and polls leading up to the elections found that 59% of Hondurans believe the elections would be fraudulent.[23] However, the Supreme Electoral Tribunal (TSE) has stated that these would be the most clean and fair elections in Honduras's history, and both the traditionally dominant parties – the National and Liberal parties – agree.[24] The newly formed Libre Party and Anti-Corruption Party fear that there would be fraud, a position backed by the Carter Center.[24] Anti-Corruption Party candidate Salvador Nasralla publicly denounced attempts at vote-buying by the National Party across the country.[25] Nasralla highlighted National Party control of key government institutions like the Public Ministry and the Supreme Court.[25] Dana Frank, writing in The Nation, echoed these concerns, noting National Party candidate Hernández's participation in both the illegal naming of a new attorney general in August 2013 and the illegal destitution of four Supreme Court judges in December 2012,[9] the latter of which ultimately resulted in Hernández securing his party's nomination for the presidency.[20]

The TSE has stated that over 700 international election observers, representing various governments and organizations, including the United Nations, the Organization of American States, the European Union, and the Carter Center, will be present to monitor the elections.[26] In the days before the election, international observers in the department of Yoro and in the capital Tegucigalpa reported targeted harassment and intimidation on the part of immigration officials and unidentified armed men.[27] The TSE confirmed these reports and ordered the Honduran immigration authorities to stop all of these types of operations concerning election observers.[28]

Results

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President

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CandidateRunning matePartyVotes%
Juan Orlando HernándezRicardo Álvarez AriasNational Party1,149,30236.89
Xiomara CastroJuan Alberto Barahona MejíaLiberty and Refoundation896,49828.78
Mauricio VilledaMaría Cristina González RomeroLiberal Party of Honduras632,32020.30
Salvador NasrallaSoraya Asunción SalabarrietaAnti-Corruption Party418,44313.43
Romeo Vásquez VelásquezNadia Kafaty GeadahPatriotic Alliance6,1050.20
Orle SolísGessy Yolany Torres RodríguezChristian Democratic Party5,1940.17
Jorge Aguilar ParedesSonia Matilde FiallosInnovation and Unity Party4,4680.14
Andrés PavónLourdes Marlen CruzFAPER–Democratic Unification3,1180.10
Total3,115,448100.00
Valid votes3,115,44895.12
Invalid/blank votes159,8984.88
Total votes3,275,346100.00
Registered voters/turnout5,355,11261.16
Source: TSE

National Congress

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PartyVotes%Seats+/–
National Party9,255,90433.6448–23
Liberty and Refoundation7,568,39227.5137New
Liberal Party4,670,15716.9727–18
Anti-Corruption Party4,169,24515.1513New
Innovation and Unity Party506,3211.841–2
Democratic Unification Party460,8141.671–3
Christian Democratic Party444,7341.621–4
Honduran Patriotic Alliance272,3470.990New
FAPER–Democratic Unification128,4880.470–
Independent Socialist candidates20,4290.070–
FAPER9,0110.030New
United for Choluteca8,5420.030–
Total27,514,384100.001280
Valid votes2,699,54485.98
Invalid/blank votes440,14614.02
Total votes3,139,690100.00
Registered voters/turnout5,308,78159.14
Source: Election Passport, IPU

Aftermath

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Juan Orlando Hernández was announced as the winner in a result the Supreme Electoral Tribunal's head, David Matamoros, called "irreversible",[29] this followed initial claims by both leading candidates of having won. While opposition protests continued, Hernández said the result was "not negotiable with anybody" and named a transition team.[29]

However, Castro and Nasralla disputed the results.[30] Castro called on her supporters to hold a protest on Saturday 30 November.[31]

According to the North American Congress on Latin America, the elections were "fraught with irregularities and violent intimidation, threatening to throw the embattled nation into further political disarray."[32] However, observers from the Organization of American States and the United Nations declared that the elections met international standards and were both free and fair.[33]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Tribunal Supremo Electoral Honduras (9 April 2013). "Universidades de País Apoyaran al TSE para la Realización de las Elecciones Generales". TSE. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
  2. ^ Nina Lakhami (23 November 2013). "The fight to take power in Honduras". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 23 November 2013.
  3. ^ Carlos Salinas (8 October 2013). "Honduras rompe cien años de bipartidismo". El País. Retrieved 17 November 2013.
  4. ^ a b "Honduras: Elections should mark a turning point for human rights". Amnesty International. 5 November 2013. Retrieved 16 November 2013.
  5. ^ "Humanitarian national emergency". Radio Mundo Real. 31 October 2013. Retrieved 16 November 2013.
  6. ^ Karen Spring (21 October 2013). "Context of the Honduran Electoral Process 2012: Incomplete list of Killings and Armed Attacks Related to Political Campaigning in Honduras" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 December 2013. Retrieved 16 November 2013.
  7. ^ Lauren Carasik (3 November 2013). "Honduras' political violence threatens to undermine its November elections". Al Jazeera America. Retrieved 16 November 2013.
  8. ^ Javier Sánchez (24 May 2013). "Histórico abanico de partidos". La Tribuna. Archived from the original on 3 November 2013. Retrieved 17 November 2013.
  9. ^ a b c Dana Frank (6 November 2013). "A High-Stakes Election in Honduras". The Nation. Retrieved 17 November 2013.
  10. ^ "En Tocoa, Colón: Xiomara ofrece policía comunitaria y enviaría militares a cuidar fronteras". El Tiempo. 4 August 2013. Archived from the original on 8 August 2013. Retrieved 17 November 2013.
  11. ^ "Ricardo Álvarez anuncia que presentará recurso". El Heraldo. 11 December 2012. Retrieved 17 November 2013. (Spanish)
  12. ^ "Sala Constitucional declara inadmisible conteo voto por voto". El Heraldo. 24 January 2013. Retrieved 17 November 2013.
  13. ^ Annie Bird (8 January 2013). "December 12, 2012 "Coup" in Honduras: The Constitutional Court Dismissed as Primary Elections are Challenged". Rights Action. Archived from the original on 4 June 2013. Retrieved 17 November 2013.
  14. ^ "Ricardo y Miguel confirman que no irán a Convención nacionalista". La Prensa. 15 August 2013. Retrieved 17 November 2013. (Spanish)
  15. ^ a b "Remonta Juan Orlando Hernández en intención de voto presidencial", La Prensa (in Spanish), 24 September 2013, retrieved 16 November 2013
  16. ^ a b "Intención de voto para presidente a nivel nacional – Encuestra Septiembre 2013", Paradigma Encuestadora (in Spanish), 29 September 2013, archived from the original on 3 December 2013, retrieved 16 November 2013
  17. ^ a b "Honduras: Juan Orlando arriba 5 puntos según CID-Gallup", La Prensa (in Spanish), 24 October 2013, retrieved 16 November 2013
  18. ^ a b "Intención de voto para presidente a nivel nacional – Encuestra Octubre 2013", Paradigma Encuestadora (in Spanish), 21 October 2013, archived from the original on 3 December 2013, retrieved 16 November 2013
  19. ^ "Honduras: Xiomara Castro sigue encabezando encuestas", Kaos en la Red (in Spanish), 11 October 2013, archived from the original on 22 November 2013, retrieved 22 November 2013
  20. ^ a b Gina Kawas (6 November 2013). "El fantasma del fraude electoral en Honduras". Panam Post. Retrieved 17 November 2013. (Spanish)
  21. ^ Orlin Cruz Martínez (4 October 2013). "A Propósito de Fraude Electoral". El Tiempo. Archived from the original on 7 December 2013. Retrieved 17 November 2013. (Spanish)
  22. ^ Parvez Jabri (19 October 2013). "US lawmakers warn Kerry of Honduras vote problems". Business Recorder. Retrieved 17 November 2013.
  23. ^ "Survey shows Honduran citizens expect electoral fraud, and are dissatisfied with democracy". Resistencia Honduras. 27 September 2013. Retrieved 16 November 2013.
  24. ^ a b Gustavo Veiga (4 November 2013). "Honduras irá a las urnas marcada por el golpe". Página 12. Retrieved 16 November 2013. (Spanish)
  25. ^ a b ""Partido Nacional ya compró credenciales": Nasralla". La Prensa. 19 August 2013. Retrieved 17 November 2013. (Spanish)
  26. ^ "Unos 700 observadores internacionales vigilarán las elecciones en Honduras". El Mundo. 9 November 2013. Archived from the original on 12 November 2013. Retrieved 17 November 2013.
  27. ^ "Honduras: Detienen a Delegación Internacional de Observación de DDHH". Diario Uchile. 23 November 2013. Retrieved 23 November 2013. (Spanish)
  28. ^ "Ordenan a Migración detener operativo". El Heraldo. 23 November 2013. Retrieved 23 November 2013. (Spanish)
  29. ^ a b "Hernandez lead 'irreversible' in Honduras". Al Jazeera. 26 November 2013. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  30. ^ "Tension increases in Honduras, as election sparks competing claims of victory, fraud". The Washington Post. 25 November 2013. Retrieved 28 November 2013.
  31. ^ "Winner named in Honduras presidential vote; opposition vows protests". CNN. 27 November 2013. Retrieved 28 November 2013.
  32. ^ "Honduran Election Results Contested by International Observers". North American Congress on Latin America. 28 November 2013. Retrieved 28 November 2013.
  33. ^ "Honduras election: Hernandez declared winner". BBC. 28 November 2013. Retrieved 7 December 2013.
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