Fidan Doğan, Sakine Cansiz and Leyla Şaylemez, PKK Kurdish feminists, were assassinated by gunshots to the head during the night of 9–10 January 2013 in the 10th arrondissement of Paris.[1]
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Assassinations
editDuring the night between Wednesday 9 and Thursday 10 January 2013, the bodies of Fidan Doğan (28), Sakine Cansız (54) and Leyla Şaylemez (24) – all three Kurdish women activists – were found in the premises of the Centre d'Information sur le Kurdistan located on 147 Rue La Fayette in Paris. Each of them were shot execution-style with several bullets in the head and neck.[1]
Victims
editSakine Cansız was one of the co-founders of the PKK. Fidan Dogan was a member of the Kurdistan National Congress and also involved at the Kurdistan Information Center in Paris, which is considered a liaison office to the PKK by France Info and Leyla Saylemez was an activist in the Kurdish youth movement.[2]
Suspect
editÖmer Güney was soon identified as the person who was in the building during the murders as he was on the on recordings of the surveillance camera.[3] He was described as a proud Turk, a supporter of the far-right Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) by his contacts in Munich, Germany and shall have viewed, as the US and the EU do, the PKK as terrorists.[3]
Investigations
editAccording to investigations by French authorities, it is possible that Turkey's National Intelligence Organization (MİT) is involved in the murders.[4] The suspected murderer, Ömer Güney, was a 34 year old Turkish maintenance employee at Paris Charles de Gaulle airport. Video cameras at the site of the murder show that he was inside the building between 00:11 and 00:56 when the deaths occurred.[3] Gunpowder was found on his bag. Technical investigations were performed on his Nokia mobile phone and experts decrypted it and restored deleted files. They found images taken the day before (8 January) establishing that he was in the premises of a Kurdish association in Villers-le-Bel between 4:23 and 5:33 in the morning and took pictures of 329 memberships files.[3] Two days before, he took pictures of accounting tracing alleged racketeering activity inside the Kurdish community.[3] While Güney initially presented himself to authorities as "Kurdish at heart" and sympathetic to the PKK, his relatives described him as a Turkish ultranationalist who defined himself as a "gray wolf", a Turkish neo-fascist organization which positions itself against the kurdish terrorist organization PKK.[4]
A few months after these murders, an audio recording between Ömer Güney and suspected MİT agents was released on the Internet.[5] Omer Güney also had hundreds of pictures of Kurdish activists in his mobile phone. Anti-terrorist judge Jeanne Duyé was in charge of investigations; in September 2013, her computer was stolen from her home in a burglary.[6] Ömer Güney was detained on the 21 January 2013. The French anti-terrorism unit Sous-direction anti-terroriste[fr] found a passport with three stamps from journeys to Turkey behind the radio in a car he borrowed the day of the murder.[6]
The prosecution stated Güney had frequent contacts with Turkish secret services and was proven to be involved in espionage.[4][7] The judge considered the involvement of Turkish secret services in the murder to be a possibility, but didn't establish who ordered the operation and if the murderer acted according to the will of the top management or not. On 13 December 2016, Ömer Güney was moved to a hospital for urgent care connected to his brain tumor and he died the next day, five weeks before the scheduled start of his trial.[8][9]
Shortly after Güney died, France decided to close the investigation into the murders.[10] In May 2019 the investigation was reopened.[11]
Eyyup Doru, a representative of the Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) speculated that the primary target of the triple assassination might have been Fidan Doğan because of her social and political connections in France.[12] Lawyer Sylvie Boitel explained that this young woman was very clever and had three cultures: French, Turkish and Kurdish. One of brothers said that she met French President François Hollande several times when he was leader of the Socialist Party.[13] Hollande admitted to have had contact to one of the three women often which was condemned by the Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdogan.[14] Erdogan refuted the claims from Kurdish activists that Turkey was involved in the murders, but suggested that it may have been a rift within the PKK, who wanted to obstruct the peace process.[14]
Metin, the brother of Sakine Cansiz, claimed that France was responsible because she was killed in France and the murderer died in jail before trial, going on to point out that since the slaying neither the President nor Prime Minister of France has contacted the families of the victims.[15]
Aftermath
editOn 17 January in Diyarbakir, Turkey tens of thousands of Kurds remembered the three women in a ceremony.[16]
Funerals
editEach woman was buried in her hometown: Cansız in Tunceli, Doğan in Kahramanmaraş, and Söylemez in Mersin.
Thousands took to the streets in Diyarbakır to pay their respects. The crowds chanted “The martyrs’ path is our path,” as the coffins were carried.[citation needed]
Fidan Doğan was buried in her family's village in the Elbistan district of Kahramanmaraş province, Turkey. The funeral, conducted by an Alevi dede, was attended by around 5,000 people, her coffin wrapped in the flag of the PKK whilst mourners wore white scarves to symbolise peace. The mourners included Peace and Democracy Party co-chair Gülten Kışanak, and deputies Nursel Aydoğan, Ayla Akat Ata, Hasip Kaplan as well as the mayor of Diyarbakır Osman Baydemir. Speaking at the Funeral Kışanak is quoted as saying; "We promise to all Kurdish women and these three women: We will bring peace and freedom to this land.”[17]
Protests
editOn the third anniversary of the assassinations thousands in Paris attended to protest among other reasons for justice and to denounce “crimes by the Turkish regime”. Carrying the flag of the PKK and portraits of Abdullah Öcalan the marched lead to the scene of the killing, where flowers were laid in memory of the victims. Sakine Cansiz's brother Haydar who travelled from Germany for the march told the press: “Sakine's fight goes on. We will continue to march until we have obtained justice.”[18]
See also
editFurther reading
edit- Triple Assassinat au 147, Rue Lafayette (en:Triple assassination at 147, rue Lafayette) by Laure Marchand. (Published by Actes Sud) [ISBN 9782330068899] - An investigation into the murders and links with the Turkish secret services. It outlines the biographies of the three women and discusses the politics of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.[19]
References
edit- ^ a b "Les trois militantes kurdes ont été assassinées de plusieurs balles dans la tête" [The three Kurdish activists were murdered with several bullets to the head]. Le Monde.fr (in French). Agence France-Presse. 2013-01-11. Archived from the original on 2021-04-11. Retrieved 2021-03-13.
- ^ "Fidan Dogan, l'une des trois militantes kurdes assassinées à Paris a vécu à Strasbourg". France 3 Grand Est (in French). October 2013. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
- ^ a b c d e "Kurdes assassinées: La piste politique" [Murdered Kurds: the political trail]. L'Express (in French). 9 January 2014. Archived from the original on 8 February 2017. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
- ^ a b c Seelow, Soren (2015-07-22). "Assassinat de militantes kurdes à Paris: la justice souligne l'implication des services secrets turcs" [Assassination of Kurdish activists in Paris: justice highlights the involvement of the Turkish secret services]. Le Monde.fr (in French). Archived from the original on 2021-08-27. Retrieved 2021-03-14.
- ^ Diehl, Jörg; Gezer, Özlem; Schmid, Fidelius (2014-02-10). "Und Gott bewahre" [And God forbid]. Spiegel Online (in French). Vol. 7. Archived from the original on 2020-08-09. Retrieved 31 May 2019.
- ^ a b Vinocur, Nicholas (23 October 2013). "French investigation into Kurdish murders eyes Turkey connections". Reuters. Archived from the original on 31 May 2019. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
- ^ "French inquiry implicates Turkish secret services in Paris Kurds' murder". RFI. 2015-07-23. Archived from the original on 2021-04-02. Retrieved 2021-03-14.
- ^ "Omer Güney, assassin présumé de trois militantes kurdes à Paris, meurt avan" [Omer Güney, alleged assassin of three Kurdish activists in Paris, dies before his trial]. www.20minutes.fr (in French). 17 December 2016. Archived from the original on 2022-03-27. Retrieved 2022-08-28.
- ^ "Militantes kurdes assassinées à Paris : le suspect renvoyé devant les assises" [Kurdish activists murdered in Paris: the suspect returned to the Assize]. leparisien.fr (in French). 2015-08-13. Archived from the original on 2020-11-01. Retrieved 2020-10-28.
- ^ "France reopens probe into killing of 3 Kurdish activists". France 24. 2019-05-15. Archived from the original on 2021-01-04. Retrieved 2019-05-31.
- ^ "France reopens inquiry into 2013 murder of Kurdish militants". Reuters. 2019-05-16. Archived from the original on 2020-06-05. Retrieved 2019-05-31.
- ^ Ariane Bonzon (2017-01-11). "L'impossible vérité sur l'assassinat de trois Kurdes à Paris". www.slate.fr (in French). Archived from the original on 2021-04-14. Retrieved 2020-03-28.
- ^ "Le frère d'une des Kurdes témoigne" [The brother of one of the Kurds testifies]. Le Parisien (in French). 2013-01-16. Archived from the original on 2019-07-27. Retrieved 2019-07-27.
- ^ a b "Erdoğan verärgert über Hollandes PKK-Kontakte". Die Zeit. 12 January 2013. Retrieved 2023-03-27.
- ^ Bonzon, Ariane (2017-01-11). "L'impossible vérité sur l'assassinat de trois Kurdes à Paris" [The impossible truth about the assassination of three Kurds in Paris]. Slate.fr (in French) (published January 11, 2017). Archived from the original on 2021-04-14. Retrieved 2022-08-28.
I hold France responsible. Because my sister was killed on French soil and the one who killed my sister died in prison, preventing the trial from taking place,
- ^ Reynolds, James (2013-01-17). "Calls for peace at slain PKK activists' funerals". Archived from the original on 2021-09-26. Retrieved 2019-07-27.
- ^ "Paris killing victim buried with participation of thousands - Türkiye News". Hürriyet Daily News. 18 January 2013. Archived from the original on 2022-08-08. Retrieved 2022-08-28.
- ^ "Thousands of Kurds protest in Paris over women's murders". Al Arabiya English. 2016-01-09. Archived from the original on 2021-05-13. Retrieved 2022-08-28.
- ^ Flora, Olive (2017-01-25). "Retour sur l'assassinat de trois militantes kurdes à Paris" [A look back at the assassination of three Kurdish activists in Paris]. parismatch.com (in French). Archived from the original on 2021-01-04. Retrieved 2022-08-28.