2015 SO2

2015 SO₂ (astronomical naming convention: 2015 SO2) is an Aten asteroid that is a temporary horseshoe companion to the Earth, the ninth known Earth horseshoe librator. Prior to its most recent close encounter with our planet (2015 September 30) it was an Apollo asteroid.

2015 SO₂

Discovery
Discovered by	Črni Vrh Obs.
Discovery date	21 September 2015
Designations
MPC designation	2015 SO2
Minor planet category	NEO Aten Earth crosser
Orbital characteristics
Epoch 31 July 2016 (JD 2457600.5)
Uncertainty parameter 1
Observation arc	342 days
Aphelion	1.10688036 AU (165.586945 Gm)
Perihelion	0.890962 AU (133.2860 Gm)
Semi-major axis	0.99892124 AU (149.436491 Gm)
Eccentricity	0.108076
Orbital period (sidereal)	1.00 yr (364.66602 d)
Mean anomaly	208.3767°
Mean motion	0° 59m 13.937s / day
Inclination	9.1750°
Longitude of ascending node	182.9293°
Argument of perihelion	290.0678°
Earth MOID	0.0191611 AU (2.86646 Gm)
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter	50–111 m[a]
Absolute magnitude (H)	23.9

Discovery

2015 SO₂ was discovered on 21 September 2015 by B. Mikuž observing with the 0.6-m f/3.3 Cichocki telescope at the Črni Vrh Observatory in Slovenia. As of 30 November 2015, it has been observed 84 times with an observation arc of 9 days.

Orbit and orbital evolution

2015 SO₂ is currently an Aten asteroid (Earth-crossing but with a period less than a year). Its semi-major axis (currently 0.999115 AU) is similar to that of Earth (0.99957 AU), but it has a relatively low eccentricity (0.108105) and moderate orbital inclination (9.181°). Gravitational interaction with Earth causes its orbit to change so that its average period is one year. It alternates between being an Aten asteroid and being an Apollo asteroid, changing dynamical status every 113 years approximately. As of 30 November 2015, this object is the 14th known Earth co-orbital and the 9th known object following a horseshoe path with respect to our planet. Its orbital evolution is characterized by alternating horseshoe and quasi-satellite episodes.

Physical properties

With an absolute magnitude of 23.9, it has a diameter in the range of 50–111 meters (for an assumed albedo range of 0.04–0.20, respectively).

Animation of 2015 SO2 orbit from 1600 to 2500

Relative to Sun and Earth

Around Earth

Around Sun

   Sun ·    Earth ·   2015 SO2

See also

• 54509 YORP
• (419624) 2010 SO16
• 3753 Cruithne

Notes

• ^{^} This is assuming an albedo of 0.20–0.04.

References

Further reading

• Understanding the Distribution of Near-Earth Asteroids Bottke, W. F., Jedicke, R., Morbidelli, A., Petit, J.-M., Gladman, B. 2000, Science, Vol. 288, Issue 5474, pp. 2190–2194.
• A Numerical Survey of Transient Co-orbitals of the Terrestrial Planets Christou, A. A. 2000, Icarus, Vol. 144, Issue 1, pp. 1–20.
• Debiased Orbital and Absolute Magnitude Distribution of the Near-Earth Objects Bottke, W. F., Morbidelli, A., Jedicke, R., Petit, J.-M., Levison, H. F., Michel, P., Metcalfe, T. S. 2002, Icarus, Vol. 156, Issue 2, pp. 399–433.
• Transient co-orbital asteroids Brasser, R., Innanen, K. A., Connors, M., Veillet, C., Wiegert, P., Mikkola, S., Chodas, P. W. 2004, Icarus, Vol. 171, Issue 1, pp. 102–109.
• From horseshoe to quasi-satellite and back again: the curious dynamics of Earth co-orbital asteroid 2015 SO₂ de la Fuente Marcos, C., de la Fuente Marcos, R. 2016, Astrophysics and Space Science, Vol. 361, Issue 1, article 16 (10 pp).

External links

• Discovery MPEC
• 2015 SO₂ data at MPC
• Crni Vrh Observatory News
• Discovery image
• The 60-cm Cichocki Sky Survey Telescope
• 2015 SO2 at NeoDyS-2, Near Earth Objects—Dynamic Site
  • Ephemerides · Observation prediction · Orbital info · MOID · Proper elements · Observational info · Close approaches · Physical info · Orbit animation
• 2015 SO2 at ESA–space situational awareness
  • Ephemerides · Observations · Orbit · Physical properties · Summary
• 2015 SO2 at the JPL Small-Body Database