2016 Heinemann, provisional designation 1938 SE, is a carbonaceous Themistian asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 22 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 18 September 1938, by German astronomer Alfred Bohrmann at Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany, and later named after ARI-astronomer Karl Heinemann (1898–1970).[2][10]
| Discovery[1] | |
|---|---|
| Discovered by | A. Bohrmann |
| Discovery site | Heidelberg Obs. |
| Discovery date | 18 September 1938 |
| Designations | |
| (2016) Heinemann | |
Named after | Karl Heinemann (1898–1970) (German astronomer)[2] |
| 1938 SE · 1927 SM 1930 DF · 1949 SB1 1971 OB1 · 1971 QP2 1972 VY · 1977 RZ7 A905 UF | |
| main-belt · Themis[3] | |
| Orbital characteristics[1] | |
| Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5) | |
| Uncertainty parameter 0 | |
| Observation arc | 111.34 yr (40,667 days) |
| Aphelion | 3.7291 AU |
| Perihelion | 2.5295 AU |
| 3.1293 AU | |
| Eccentricity | 0.1917 |
| 5.54 yr (2,022 days) | |
| 72.570° | |
| 0° 10m 40.8s / day | |
| Inclination | 0.9191° |
| 16.986° | |
| 340.99° | |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Dimensions | 21.68 km (derived)[3] 22.435±0.142 km[4] 22.718±0.080 km[5] 24.18±0.23 km[6] 25.52±1.41 km[7] |
| 22.96±0.01 h[8] | |
| 0.058±0.010[6] 0.0653 (derived)[3] 0.075±0.009[7] 0.0944±0.0179[5] | |
| C[3] | |
| 11.4[5][7] · 11.80[6] · 11.9[1][3] · 12.01±0.33[9] | |
Orbit and classification
editHeinemann is a member of the Themis family, a dynamical family of carbonaceous asteroids with nearly coplanar ecliptical orbits, located in the outer-belt main. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.5–3.7 AU once every 5 years and 6 months (2,022 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.19 and an inclination of 1° with respect to the ecliptic.[1]
The body's observation arc begins 33 year prior to its official discovery observation, with its first identification as A905 UF at Heidelberg in October 1905.[10]
Physical characteristics
editRotation period
editIn October 2016, a rotational lightcurve of Heinemann was obtained from photometric observations by French astronomer Matthieu Conjat. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 22.96 hours with a brightness variation of 0.36 magnitude (U=2+).[8]
Diameter and albedo
editAccording to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Heinemann measures between 22.435 and 25.52 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.058 and 0.0944.[4][5][6][7]
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0653 and a diameter of 21.68 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.9.[3]
Naming
editThis minor planet was named after Karl Heinemann (1898–1970), German astronomer and long-time staff member at the Astronomisches Rechen-Institut. His activities included spherical astronomy and the editing of the "Astronomischer Jahresbericht" during 1934–1958.[2]
The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 15 October 1977 (M.P.C. 4238).[11]
References
edit- ^ a b c d "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 2016 Heinemann (1938 SE)" (2017-02-26 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
- ^ a b c Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(2016) Heinemann". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (2016) Heinemann. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 163. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_2017. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
- ^ a b c d e f "LCDB Data for (2016) Heinemann". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 29 June 2017.
- ^ a b Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
- ^ a b c d Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90.
- ^ a b c d Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv:1209.5794. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
- ^ a b c d Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
- ^ a b Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (2016) Heinemann". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
- ^ Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
- ^ a b "2016 Heinemann (1938 SE)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
- ^ Schmadel, Lutz D. (2009). "Appendix – Publication Dates of the MPCs". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – Addendum to Fifth Edition (2006–2008). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 221. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-01965-4. ISBN 978-3-642-01964-7.