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2016 United States presidential election in Colorado

Main article: 2016 United States presidential election

The 2016 United States presidential election in Colorado was held on Tuesday, November 8, 2016, as part of the 2016 United States presidential election in which all 50 states plus the District of Columbia participated. Colorado voters chose electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote, pitting the Republican nominee, businessman Donald Trump, and running mate Indiana Governor Mike Pence against Democratic nominee, former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, and her running mate Virginia Senator Tim Kaine. Colorado has nine electoral votes in the Electoral College.[2]

2016 United States presidential election in Colorado
← 2012 November 8, 2016 2020 →
Turnout74.39% Increase 3.22 pp[1]
 
Nominee Hillary Clinton Donald Trump Gary Johnson
Party Democratic Republican Libertarian
Home state New York New York New Mexico
Running mate Tim Kaine Mike Pence Bill Weld
Electoral vote 9 0 0
Popular vote 1,338,870 1,202,484 144,121
Percentage 48.16% 43.25% 5.18%
President before election

Barack Obama
Democratic

Elected President

Donald Trump
Republican

Results by county showing number of votes by size and candidates by color
Treemap of the popular vote by county

Clinton received 48.2% of the vote, carrying the state's nine electoral votes. Trump received 43.3% of the vote, thus marking a Democratic margin of victory of 4.9%. This was the fourth time since Colorado had achieved statehood that the Republican nominee won the election without carrying Colorado, the first three having been in 1896, 1900, and 1908 (all when the Democratic nominee was William Jennings Bryan of neighboring Nebraska, a populist with unusual popularity in the traditionally Republican West); and the second time Colorado has voted Democratic in three consecutive presidential elections, the first having been the elections of 1908, 1912, and 1916. Trump became the first ever Republican to win the White House without carrying Alamosa or Broomfield Counties, as well as the first to do so without carrying Jefferson, Arapahoe, or Larimer Counties since William McKinley in 1900, and the first to do so without carrying Ouray County since William Howard Taft in 1908.

At the same time, Trump flipped five counties in the state: Conejos, Chaffee, Huerfano, Las Animas, and Pueblo. The last two had not supported a Republican presidential candidate since Richard Nixon's landslide in 1972. Despite Clinton's victory, this is the sole election since Colorado's Democratic winning streak from 2008 forward that the Democratic candidate's percentage in the state was held to only a plurality, while winning the state by a less than (albeit very narrowly in this case) 5% margin.[3]

Caucuses

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Democratic caucuses

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Main article: 2016 Colorado Democratic presidential caucuses

Opinion polling

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See also: Statewide opinion polling for the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries § Colorado

Results

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See also: Results of the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries

Caucus date: March 1, 2016


e • d 2016 Democratic Party's presidential nominating process in Colorado
– Summary of results –
Candidate Popular vote Estimated delegates
Count Percentage Pledged Unpledged Total
Bernie Sanders 72,846 58.98% 41 0 41
Hillary Clinton 49,789 40.31% 25 9 34
Uncommitted 822 0.67% 0 3 3
Others 51 0.04%
Total 123,508 100% 66 12 78
Sources: [4][5]
Detailed results for the Colorado Democratic caucuses, March 1, 2016[6]
District Total estimate Bernie Sanders Hillary Clinton
Votes Estimated
delegates 		Votes Estimated
delegates 		Votes Estimated
delegates
1st district 29,474 8 16,232 4 13,242 4
2nd district 30,624 7 19,376 4 11,248 3
3rd district 14,671 6 8,956 4 5,715 2
4th district 10,060 5 6,115 3 3,945 2
5th district 10,315 5 6,338 3 3,977 2
6th district 12,836 6 6,675 3 6,161 3
7th district 14,655 6 9,154 4 5,501 4
At-large delegates 122,635 14 72,846 8 49,789 6
Pledged PLEOs 9 5 4
Total 66 38 28

Results of the county assemblies Timeframe for the county assemblies: March 2–26, 2016

Colorado Democratic county assemblies, March 2–26, 2016
Candidate State + District delegates[7] Estimated delegates
Count Percentage Pledged Unpledged Total
Bernie Sanders 372 61.39%
Hillary Clinton 234 38.61%
Uncommitted
Total 606 100%

Results of the congressional district conventions

Detailed results for the congressional district conventions, April 1–15, 2016[6]
District Delegates
available 		Delegates won
Sanders Clinton
1st district 8 5 3
2nd district 7 4 3
3rd district 6 4 2
4th district 5 3 2
5th district 5 3 2
6th district 6 3 3
7th district 6 4 2
Total 43 26 17

Results of the state convention State convention date: April 16, 2016

Colorado Democratic State Convention, April 16, 2016[6]
Candidate State convention delegates National delegates won
Count Percentage At-large PLEO Total
Bernie Sanders 1,900 62.3% 9 6 15
Hillary Clinton 1,150 37.7% 5 3 8
Total 3,050 100.0% 14 9 23

Republican conventions

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Main article: 2016 Colorado Republican presidential caucuses

From April 2–8, 2016, conventions were held in each of Colorado's seven congressional districts. Cruz swept all seven, winning 21 delegates total.[8][9][10][11] On April 9, 2016, the state convention was held to elect the 13 statewide delegates and the 3 RNC delegates.[12] Again, Cruz won all 13 statewide at-large delegates.[13] Cruz was also the only candidate to address the state convention.

A proposal to forbid Colorado Republican delegates from voting for Donald Trump was written in March 2016 by Robert Zubrin. The group "Colorado Republicans for Liberty" handed out fliers of Zubrin's resolution at the state's convention. Irregularities on the ballot were discovered at the state's convention. Delegate #379 (Jerome Parks, a Trump delegate) was replaced on the ballot with a duplicate of delegate #378 (a Ted Cruz delegate).[14] The Colorado Republican Party's Twitter account posted the message "We did it #NeverTrump" after Cruz received all the bound delegates at the April convention. The party claims somebody hacked its Twitter account, and the party claims to be investigating how the message was posted.[15][16] In May 2015, the Colorado Senate defeated a bill to hold a 2016 presidential primary. State senators Kevin Grantham, Kent Lambert, Laura J. Woods, and Jerry Sonnenberg voted to stop the bill.[17] Sonnenberg, Woods, Grantham, and Lambert are members of the Ted Cruz "Colorado Leadership Team" for Ted Cruz.[18] Congressman Ken Buck and Colorado Secretary of State Wayne Williams are also members of the Ted Cruz "Colorado Leadership Team".[18]

The conventions were selected through statewide caucuses, which were conducted at the precinct level on March 1.[12] No voter preference poll was held due to a decision in August by the state party to cancel it.[19]

Three candidates contested the Republican presidential conventions:

Marco Rubio and Ben Carson had dropped out of the race by the time the conventions were held, though they were still running during the March 1 caucuses.

Colorado Republican district conventions, April 2, 2016, April 7–8, 2016
Candidate Votes Percentage Actual delegate count
Bound Unbound Total
Ted Cruz 0 0.0% 17 4 21
Donald Trump 0 0.0% 0 0 0
John Kasich 0 0.0% 0 0 0
Marco Rubio (withdrawn) 0 0.0% 0 0 0
Ben Carson (withdrawn) 0 0.0% 0 0 0
Uncommitted 0 0.0% 0 0 0
Unprojected delegates: 0 0 0
Total: 0 100.00% 17 4 21
Source: The Green Papers
Colorado Republican state convention, April 9, 2016
Candidate Votes Percentage Actual delegate count
Bound Unbound Total
Ted Cruz 0 0.0% 13 0 13
Donald Trump 0 0.0% 0 1 1
John Kasich 0 0.0% 0 0 0
Marco Rubio (withdrawn) 0 0.0% 0 0 0
Ben Carson (withdrawn) 0 0.0% 0 0 0
Uncommitted 0 0.0% 0 0 0
Unprojected delegates: 0 2 2
Total: 0 100.00% 13 3 16
Source: The Green Papers

Green Party convention

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On April 3, the Green Party of Colorado held a presidential nominating convention in Centennial, Colorado, for registered Green voters.[20]

On April 4, the Green Party of Colorado announced that Jill Stein had won the convention and received all 5 delegates.[21]

Colorado Green Party Convention, April 3, 2016.
Candidate Votes Percentage National delegates
  Jill Stein - - 5
William Kreml - - -
Kent Mesplay - - -
Sedinam Moyowasifza-Curry - - -
Darryl Cherney - - -
Uncommitted - - -
Total - - 5

General election

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Polling

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See also: Statewide opinion polling for the 2016 United States presidential election § Colorado

Throughout the race, Clinton lead in almost every poll in margins varying between 1 and 11 points, with a few polls showing a tie or a Trump lead. One of the last polls showed a tie between Clinton and Trump, but the last poll showed Clinton leading Trump 50% to 45%, which was very accurate compared to the results.[22] The average of the last three polls showed Clinton leading Trump 44% to 41%.[22]

Predictions

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Source Ranking As of
ABC News[23] Lean D November 8, 2016
CNN[24] Lean D November 4, 2016
Cook Political Report[25] Lean D November 7, 2016
Electoral-vote.com[26] Lean D November 8, 2016
Rothenberg Political Report[27] Likely D November 7, 2016
Sabato's Crystal Ball[28] Likely D November 7, 2016
RealClearPolitics[29] Tossup November 8, 2016

Results

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Voter turnout for the 2016 United States presidential election in Colorado was 72.4%.[30][31]

2016 United States presidential election in Colorado[32][33][34]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic
1,338,870 48.16
Republican
1,202,484 43.25
Libertarian
144,121 5.18
Green
38,437 1.38
Independent
28,917 1.04
American Constitution
11,699 0.42
Veterans of America
  • Chris Keniston
  • Deacon Taylor
 5,028 0.18
Independent
  • Mike Smith
  • Daniel White
 1,819 0.07
Independent American
  • Kyle Kopitke
  • Nathan Sorenson
 1,096 0.04
Independent People
872 0.03
American Solidarity
862 0.03
Nutrition
751 0.03
Independent
  • Ryan Scott
  • Bruce Barnard
 749 0.03
American
710 0.03
Socialism and Liberation
531 0.02
Socialist Workers
452 0.02
Kotlikoff for President
392 0.01
Nonviolent Resistance/Pacifist
382 0.01
Approval Voting
  • Frank Atwood
  • Blake Huber
 337 0.01
Socialist
271 0.01
Prohibition
185 0.01
Republican
11 0.00
Independent (Republican)
6 0.00
Independent
4 0.00
Green (Democratic)
3 0.00
Independent
2 0.00
Independent (Libertarian)
1 0.00
Total votes 2,780,247 100%
Democratic win

By county

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County Hillary Clinton
Democratic 		Donald Trump
Republican 		Various candidates
Other parties 		Margin Total votes cast
# % # % # % # %
Adams 96,558 49.86% 80,082 41.35% 17,037 8.79% 16,476 8.51% 193,677
Alamosa 3,189 45.96% 3,046 43.90% 704 10.14% 143 2.06% 6,939
Arapahoe 159,885 52.76% 117,053 38.63% 26,110 8.61% 42,832 14.13% 303,048
Archuleta 2,500 34.06% 4,264 58.10% 575 7.84% -1,764 -24.04% 7,339
Baca 283 13.14% 1,753 81.42% 117 5.44% -1,470 -68.28% 2,153
Bent 590 30.62% 1,188 61.65% 149 7.73% -598 -31.03% 1,927
Boulder 132,334 70.34% 41,396 22.00% 14,415 7.66% 90,938 48.34% 188,145
Broomfield 19,731 52.35% 14,367 38.12% 3,592 9.53% 5,364 14.23% 37,690
Chaffee 4,888 43.45% 5,391 47.92% 971 8.63% -503 -4.47% 11,250
Cheyenne 132 11.98% 925 83.94% 45 4.08% -793 -71.96% 1,102
Clear Creek 2,729 46.52% 2,575 43.90% 562 9.58% 154 2.62% 5,866
Conejos 1,771 44.03% 1,914 47.59% 337 8.38% -143 -3.56% 4,022
Costilla 1,125 60.88% 588 31.82% 135 7.30% 537 29.06% 1,848
Crowley 339 22.20% 1,079 70.66% 109 7.14% -740 -48.46% 1,527
Custer 797 25.99% 2,061 67.22% 208 6.79% -1,264 -41.23% 3,066
Delta 4,087 24.34% 11,655 69.42% 1,048 6.24% -7,568 -45.08% 16,790
Denver 244,551 73.69% 62,690 18.89% 24,611 7.42% 181,861 54.80% 331,852
Dolores 242 19.28% 944 75.22% 69 5.50% -702 -55.94% 1,255
Douglas 68,657 36.62% 102,573 54.71% 16,270 8.67% -33,916 -18.09% 187,500
Eagle 14,099 55.90% 8,990 35.64% 2,134 8.46% 5,109 20.26% 25,223
El Paso 108,010 33.86% 179,228 56.19% 31,730 9.95% -71,218 -22.33% 318,968
Elbert 3,134 19.61% 11,705 73.25% 1,141 7.14% -8,571 -53.64% 15,980
Fremont 5,297 24.11% 15,122 68.82% 1,554 7.07% -9,825 -44.71% 21,973
Garfield 11,271 42.58% 13,132 49.61% 2,067 7.81% -1,861 -7.03% 26,470
Gilpin 1,634 45.69% 1,566 43.79% 376 10.52% 68 1.90% 3,576
Grand 3,358 39.10% 4,494 52.33% 736 8.57% -1,136 -13.23% 8,588
Gunnison 5,128 54.48% 3,289 34.94% 995 10.58% 1,839 19.54% 9,412
Hinsdale 197 33.45% 339 57.56% 53 8.99% -142 -24.11% 589
Huerfano 1,633 43.17% 1,883 49.78% 267 7.05% -250 -6.61% 3,783
Jackson 171 19.86% 629 73.05% 61 7.09% -458 -53.19% 861
Jefferson 160,776 48.89% 138,177 42.01% 29,930 9.10% 22,599 6.88% 328,883
Kiowa 91 10.64% 728 85.15% 36 4.21% -637 -74.51% 855
Kit Carson 536 14.48% 2,967 80.15% 199 5.37% -2,431 -65.67% 3,702
La Plata 15,525 49.84% 12,587 40.41% 3,038 9.75% 2,938 9.43% 31,150
Lake 1,616 50.52% 1,270 39.70% 313 9.78% 346 10.82% 3,199
Larimer 93,113 47.51% 83,430 42.57% 19,438 9.92% 9,683 4.94% 195,981
Las Animas 2,650 39.01% 3,710 54.62% 433 6.37% -1,060 -15.61% 6,793
Lincoln 409 16.79% 1,892 77.67% 135 5.54% -1,483 -60.88% 2,436
Logan 1,851 19.04% 7,282 74.90% 589 6.06% -5,431 -55.86% 9,722
Mesa 21,729 27.98% 49,779 64.10% 6,146 7.92% -28,050 -36.12% 77,654
Mineral 237 36.35% 344 52.76% 71 10.89% -107 -16.41% 652
Moffat 874 13.39% 5,305 81.30% 346 5.31% -4,431 -67.91% 6,525
Montezuma 3,973 30.90% 7,853 61.07% 1,032 8.03% -3,880 -30.17% 12,858
Montrose 5,466 25.80% 14,382 67.88% 1,338 6.32% -8,916 -42.08% 21,186
Morgan 3,151 26.35% 8,145 68.10% 664 5.55% -4,994 -41.75% 11,960
Otero 2,943 34.82% 4,928 58.31% 581 6.87% -1,985 -23.49% 8,452
Ouray 1,697 51.27% 1,351 40.82% 262 7.91% 346 10.45% 3,310
Park 3,421 32.84% 6,135 58.89% 861 8.27% -2,714 -26.05% 10,417
Phillips 436 18.70% 1,791 76.80% 105 4.50% -1,355 -58.10% 2,332
Pitkin 7,333 69.69% 2,550 24.23% 640 6.08% 4,783 45.46% 10,523
Prowers 1,186 23.64% 3,531 70.39% 299 5.97% -2,345 -46.75% 5,016
Pueblo 35,875 45.62% 36,265 46.11% 6,506 8.27% -390 -0.49% 78,646
Rio Blanco 436 12.64% 2,791 80.90% 223 6.46% -2,355 -68.26% 3,450
Rio Grande 2,001 36.16% 3,085 55.75% 448 8.09% -1,084 -19.59% 5,534
Routt 7,600 54.34% 5,230 37.39% 1,156 8.27% 2,370 16.95% 13,986
Saguache 1,417 49.98% 1,147 40.46% 271 9.56% 270 9.52% 2,835
San Juan 265 52.37% 215 42.49% 26 5.14% 50 9.88% 506
San Miguel 2,975 68.72% 1,033 23.86% 321 7.42% 1,942 44.86% 4,329
Sedgwick 267 19.57% 1,015 74.41% 82 6.02% -748 -54.84% 1,364
Summit 9,557 59.09% 5,100 31.53% 1,517 9.38% 4,457 27.56% 16,174
Teller 3,603 24.94% 9,745 67.47% 1,096 7.59% -6,142 -42.53% 14,444
Washington 296 10.83% 2,299 84.12% 138 5.05% -2,003 -73.29% 2,733
Weld 46,519 34.35% 76,651 56.60% 12,260 9.05% -30,132 -22.25% 135,430
Yuma 726 15.15% 3,850 80.36% 215 4.49% -3,124 -65.21% 4,791
Total 1,338,870 48.16% 1,202,484 43.25% 238,893 8.59% 136,386 4.91% 2,780,247
 
 

Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican
[35]

By congressional district

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Clinton won 4 of 7 congressional districts including one held by a Republican representative.[36]

District Trump Clinton Representative
1st 23% 69% Diana DeGette
2nd 35% 56% Jared Polis
3rd 52% 40% Scott Tipton
4th 57% 34% Ken Buck
5th 57% 33% Doug Lamborn
6th 41% 50% Mike Coffman
7th 40% 52% Ed Perlmutter

Analysis

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Historically, Colorado has been, following the Bryan-Wilson period, one of the most Republican states in the nation. From 1920 through 2004, Colorado voted Democratic only five times—in Franklin Roosevelt's two landslide wins in 1932 and 1936; for Harry Truman in 1948; in Lyndon Johnson's landslide win in 1964; and for Bill Clinton in 1992, with Ross Perot running substantially ahead of his national showing in the state. (With the shrinkage of the Perot vote in 1996, Colorado, along with Montana, another Western state where Perot had performed exceptionally well, reverted to Dole.) Before 2016, no Republican had won without Colorado since 1908.

However, increasing urbanization in the Front Range Urban Corridor, along with the growth of minority populations (especially Hispanics) have chipped away from Republican dominance in the state: while President George W. Bush won the state in the 2004 election, it was one of the few states where Republican performance fell (with Bush's margin being nearly halved with respect to 2000), presaging Barack Obama's two Colorado wins in 2008 and 2012. Trump did improve upon previous Republican candidates in Southern Colorado, carrying three of the area's counties (Conejos County, Las Animas County and Huerfano County), a feat not accomplished by any Republican since George H. W. Bush in his decisive 1988 victory. He also carried Pueblo County by a 0.49% margin, becoming the first Republican to carry it since 1972.[37] Southern Colorado, a blue-collar, working-class, industrial area, had once been the state's Democratic stronghold, but Democratic dominance of the region is starting to fade. Trump also did well in the traditionally Republican Western Slope, where counties such as Mesa County (home to Grand Junction) went for Trump by a 2–1 margin and the Eastern Plains, where Republicans often carried counties by 80% or more.

However, as is with the case with Nevada and other states in the American Southwest that have been experiencing increasing urbanization and a rapidly growing Hispanic population, Clinton won by running up the margins in the rapidly growing metro areas of the state, in this case principally Denver and its suburbs, as well as Boulder and Fort Collins. Hillary Clinton exceeded Obama's performance in the City and County of Denver and Boulder County. While these had long been the Democrats' main base in Colorado, Republicans had typically managed at least a quarter of the vote in the former and at least 30% in the latter when Colorado was a Republican state. In contrast, Trump managed only 18.9% and 22.0% in the two jurisdictions, respectively. Hillary Clinton did not improve on Obama's performance in Larimer County (home of Fort Collins), but she did win the county, which had voted Republican in every election from 1920 through 2004 save 1936, 1964, and 1992, and Trump posted the worst showing for a Republican in the county since 1992. Also, while rural western Colorado leans Republican, it is not nearly as strongly conservative as other rural areas, as much of the economy on the I-70 corridor is based on tourism and outdoors recreation and has a liberal environmentalist bent: rural counties with heavily tourist based economies such as Gunnison, Eagle, Routt, Pitkin and La Plata are not only some of the most Democratic rural areas in America, but often vote nearly as Democratic as large urban counties.

Similarly, even though Hillary Clinton did not improve on Obama's showing in the suburban Denver-area counties of Arapahoe and Jefferson, she nevertheless carried both, both of which had been Republican strongholds up through 2004. Trump posted some of the worst results Republicans have had in decades in this region. Trump only won 39% of the vote in Arapahoe County, which includes some of the largest Denver suburbs such as Aurora and Centennial; before Obama won this county in 2008, this county had not gone Democratic since 1964. Trump won only one county in the metro area (Douglas County—home to suburbs such as Parker, Highlands Ranch and Castle Rock), but with only 54% of the vote—one of the poorest performances in the area's most Republican county in decades. Only in Adams County, the one county in the area outside the city of Denver itself that had been a Democratic stronghold prior to 2008, did Trump manage to improve upon Romney, but even here he was barely above 40% of the vote.

Meanwhile, while Trump did win the one remaining large Republican stronghold in the state, El Paso County (home of Colorado Springs), he won with only 56% of the vote, performing worse in the county than McCain in 2008 or Dole in 1996. The confluence of Hillary Clinton's strength in Denver, Boulder, and the Denver suburbs, and Trump's weakness in El Paso County, ultimately handed the state to Clinton.

As of the 2024 election, this is the most recent election where Chaffee County and Garfield County voted Republican and the most recent election where Alamosa County voted Democratic. It is also the most recent election where Colorado was decided by single digits, as the state has trended strongly towards the Democratic Party since.

In downballot races, Mike Coffman was ultimately able to hold on to his seat in a Clinton-carried district around Arapahoe County. Democrats made big gains in this area in the State House and Senate. However, Republicans were able to gain a seat in Adams County, ultimately holding on to the State Senate.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Election Results 2016" (PDF). sos.state.co.us. Retrieved July 14, 2020.
  2. ^ "Distribution of Electoral Votes". National Archives and Records Administration. September 19, 2019. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
  3. ^ "Colorado Presidential Election Voting History". 270toWin.com. Retrieved September 10, 2021.
  4. ^ The Green Papers
  5. ^ Colorado Democrats 2016 Caucus results
  6. ^ a b c "Colorado Democratic Delegation 2016". Thegreenpapers.com. Retrieved November 13, 2016.
  7. ^ "CDP National Delegate Candidates.xlsx" (PDF). Coloradodems.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 15, 2016. Retrieved November 13, 2016.
  8. ^ "Ted Cruz wins first 6 Colorado delegates, Donald Trump shut out". The Spot. Retrieved May 12, 2016.
  9. ^ Benjy Sarlin. "Colorado Loss Reveals Chaotic, Overwhelmed Trump Campaign". NBC News. Retrieved May 12, 2016.
  10. ^ "2016 Presidential Caucuses & Conventions". thegreenpapers.com. Retrieved May 12, 2016.
  11. ^ "Ted Cruz Wins Majority of Delegates in Colorado". The New York Times. April 9, 2016. Retrieved May 12, 2016.
  12. ^ a b "Colorado Republican Delegation 2016". thegreenpapers.com. Retrieved May 12, 2016.
  13. ^ John Frank; Joey Bunch (April 9, 2016). "Ted Cruz dominates Colorado GOP convention winning all 34 delegates". The Denver Post. Retrieved May 12, 2016.
  14. ^ Benjy Sarlin. "Cruz Sweeps Colorado as Trump Campaign Issues Error-Filled Ballots". NBC News. Retrieved May 12, 2016.
  15. ^ Oscar Contreras (April 10, 2016). "Colorado GOP hastily deletes 'Never Trump' tweet following sweeping Ted Cruz delegate victory - 7NEWS Denver". Thedenverchannel.com. Retrieved November 13, 2016.
  16. ^ "Colorado GOP deletes #nevertrump tweet, pledges investigation". POLITICO. Retrieved May 12, 2016.
  17. ^ "Senate GOP kills party's own push for 2016 presidential primary". The Spot. Retrieved May 12, 2016.
  18. ^ a b "Cruz for President Announces Colorado Leadership Team". Cruz for President. Archived from the original on May 7, 2016. Retrieved May 12, 2016.
  19. ^ John Frank (August 25, 2015). "Colorado Republicans cancel presidential vote at 2016 caucus". The Denver Post. Retrieved May 12, 2016.
  20. ^ "PRESIDENTIAL NOMINATION CONVENTION". Colorado Green Party. December 14, 2015. Retrieved February 20, 2016.
  21. ^ "Green Party of Colorado". Retrieved April 4, 2016.
  22. ^ a b "RealClearPolitics - Election 2016 - Colorado: Trump vs. Clinton".
  23. ^ "The Final 15: The Latest Polls in the Swing States That Will Decide the Election". ABC News. November 8, 2016. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
  24. ^ Chalian, David (November 4, 2016). "Road to 270: CNN's new election map". CNN. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
  25. ^ "2016 Electoral Scorecard". The Cook Political Report. November 7, 2016. Archived from the original on February 16, 2017. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
  26. ^ "2016 Electoral Map Prediction". Electoral-vote.com. November 8, 2016. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
  27. ^ "Presidential Ratings". The Rothenberg Political Report. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
  28. ^ Sabato, Larry J. (November 7, 2016). "2016 President". University of Virginia Center for Politics. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
  29. ^ "2016 Election Maps - Battle for White House". RealClearPolitics. Retrieved November 13, 2016.
  30. ^ Williams, Wayne W. (November 16, 2016). "Colorado Election Results". Colorado Secretary of State. Retrieved November 16, 2016.
  31. ^ Griswold, JennaW. (October 31, 2020). "2016 Voter Registration Statistics". Colorado Secretary of State. Retrieved June 18, 2020.
  32. ^ Federal Election Commission (December 2017). "Federal Elections 2016" (PDF). p. 26. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
  33. ^ "Douglas County, Colorado Sample Ballot – November 8, 2016 General Election". Douglas County, Colorado. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
  34. ^ Teller County, Colorado. "Certified Write-In Candidates – November 8, 2016 General Election" (PDF). Retrieved November 14, 2021.
  35. ^ Bump, Philip. "The counties that flipped parties to swing the 2016 election". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved September 1, 2020.
  36. ^ "Presidential Results by Congressional District, 2000-2008 – Swing State Project".
  37. ^ "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections".
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