The 2020–present United States ammunition shortage is the most recent of all the ammunition shortages in the United States. It arose out of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, the 2020 United States presidential election, and the George Floyd protests. The lack of sufficient ammunition for consumers in the United States is to some extent ongoing.
History
editThe ammunition shortage began in 2020 and began to abate in 2022 and 2023.[1]
Causes
editDemand
editAn estimated 8.4 million people bought firearms for the first time in 2020, according to an official of the National Shooting Sports Foundation, and they are also buying ammunition.[2]
In March 2020, COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by WHO, followed by world leaders such as the US President.[3] Firearm[4] and ammunition sales have increased substantially since the pandemic. At least 3 million firearms were sold in the spring alone.[4]
In response to protests, riots, and unrest after the murder of George Floyd, many started buying arms and ammunition.[5]
The 2020 presidential election resulted in an election victory of the Democratic Party nominee Joe Biden. Biden has proposed multiple forms of gun control, such as ammunition magazine capacity limits, reinstating the federal assault weapon ban, universal background checks, and closing the gun show loophole.[6] When Biden was vice president from 2009 to 2017, he and former president Barack Obama proposed the Assault Weapons Ban of 2013 following the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting.
Retailers say many customers are buying more ammunition[7] than they normally would, from fear of supplies running out.[8] Resellers are also reportedly buying large amounts of ammunition and reselling it at higher prices to customers who are willing to pay more to obtain it during the shortage.[9]
Supply
editThe pandemic reduced the production and import of certain raw materials, including lead, required to manufacture ammunition.[10]
On July 28, 2020, Remington Outdoor Company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection.[11] Vista Outdoor purchased Remington's ammunition plants and brands at auction in September 2020.[12][13] Chris Metz, Vista Outdoor's chief executive officer, said of Remington's ammunition plant in Arkansas that "during the bankruptcy the plant was functioning at about 10% capacity before Vista Outdoor took over."[14] In April 2021, Remington Ammunition announced that its Arkansas plant was back to running 24/7 at full capacity.[15]
Ammunition is produced from a number of component parts such as bullets, cartridge cases, powders, and primers. While companies were more easily able to increase the production of bullets, cases, and powder producing primers is much more specialized and primer production is a niche in which only a few companies operate. Post-2020 this meant that primers were the primary bottleneck to increasing production to meet the increasing demand.[1]
Accidents
editOn October 13, 2023, an explosion was reported at Hornaday's primer manufacturing facility near Wood River, Nebraska.[16] [17]
Effects
editPricing
editAs a result of the shortage ammunition prices increased significantly with major producers seeing significant profit margin increases as well. Some of the price increase is also attributable to manufacturers prioritizing premium lines of ammunition when faced with component shortages.[1]
Industry investment
editThe increased demand along with the increased price led to significant investment in ammunition production capacity both from legacy ammunition manufacturers but also from startups and small and medium companies which expanded into ammunition production for the first time.[1]
References
edit- ^ a b c d MCKEAN, ANDREW. "Here's What the Ammo Shortage Revealed About the Industry". outdoorlife.com. outdoorlife.com. Retrieved 12 April 2023.
- ^ Heather Crawford (February 6, 2021). "Ammo shortage not expected to end any time soon". FirstCoast News.
- ^ "Trump declares coronavirus pandemic a national emergency". statsnews.com. March 13, 2020.
- ^ a b "Three million more guns". Brookings. July 13, 2020.
- ^ Dalvin Brown (June 3, 2020). "Americans are loading up on guns and ammo in the wake of race protests". USA Today.
- ^ Emma Newburger (February 14, 2021). "Biden calls for Congress to pass stricter gun laws on anniversary of Parkland mass shooting". CNBC.
- ^ "Ammo Shortage: Where to Buy Ammo Online". RE Factor Tactical. Scott Witner.
- ^ Bridget Bennett (September 4, 2020). "COVID hoarding hits ammunition supplies; ammo shortage continues to get worse". WATE.com.
- ^ June, Beau (August 11, 2021). "What is really driving up ammunition costs?". Sniper Country. Sniper Country. Archived from the original on 2021-08-12.
- ^ "Nationwide Ammo Shortages Leave Some Local Gun Owners Out Dry". Dispatch.com. November 16, 2020.
- ^ "One of America's Oldest Gun Makers Files for Bankruptcy for 2nd Time". The New York Times. July 28, 2020. Retrieved July 28, 2020.
- ^ "Remington Auctioned Off to Seven Bidders in Bankruptcy Court". September 28, 2020. Retrieved September 28, 2020.
- ^ Williams, Elaine (4 October 2020). "Vista Outdoor acquires Remington plant". The Lewiston Tribune. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
- ^ Vista Outdoor prepping Lonoke plant, recalling workers, November 15, 2020, Arkansas Online.
- ^ "Remington Ammunition Begins Production At Arkansas Facility". ShootingIllustrated.com. April 12, 2021.
- ^ "Hornaday on X: Hornady Mourns Following Fatal Incident". X. 16 October 2023.
- ^ "Explosion At Hornady Plant Kills One". Firearms News. 15 October 2023. p. 1.
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