The 2020 United States elections were held on Tuesday, November 3, 2020. The Democratic Party's nominee, former vice president Joe Biden, defeated incumbent Republican president Donald Trump in the presidential election. Despite losing seats in the House of Representatives, Democrats retained control of the House and very narrowly gained control of the Senate. As a result, the Democrats obtained a government trifecta, the first time since the elections in 2008 that the party gained unified control of Congress and the presidency.[1] With Trump losing his bid for re-election, he became the first president to have seen his party lose the presidency and control of both the House and the Senate since Herbert Hoover in 1932.[2][3] This was the first time since 1980 that either chamber of Congress flipped partisan control in a presidential year, and the first time Democrats did so since 1948.
| ← 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 → Presidential election year | |
| Election day | November 3 |
|---|---|
| Incumbent president | Donald Trump (Republican) |
| Next Congress | 117th |
| Presidential election | |
| Partisan control | Democratic gain |
| Popular vote margin | Democratic +4.5% |
| Electoral vote | |
| Joe Biden (D) | 306 |
| Donald Trump (R) | 232 |
 | |
| Presidential election results map. Blue denotes states won by Biden/Harris, and red denotes states won by Trump/Pence. Numbers indicate electoral votes allotted to the winner of each state or district. | |
| Senate elections | |
| Overall control | Democratic gain[a] |
| Seats contested | 35 of 100 seats (33 seats of Class II + 2 special elections) |
| Net seat change | Democratic +3 |
 | |
| Map of the 2020 Senate races (Georgia held two Senate elections) Democratic hold Republican hold Democratic gain Republican gain No election | |
| House elections | |
| Overall control | Democratic hold |
| Seats contested | All 435 voting-members All six non-voting delegates |
| Popular vote margin | Democratic +3.1% |
| Net seat change | Republican +13 |
 | |
| Map of the 2020 House of Representatives elections
Democratic hold Republican hold Democratic gain Republican gain | |
| Gubernatorial elections | |
| Seats contested | 13 (11 states, two territories) |
| Net seat change | Republican +1 |
 | |
| Map of the 2020 gubernatorial races
Democratic hold Republican hold Republican gain New Progressive hold Nonpartisan No election | |
Biden became his party's nominee after defeating numerous challengers in the Democratic primaries, while Trump faced token opposition in the Republican primaries. In the congressional elections, Democrats lost seats in the House of Representatives but retained their majority in the chamber by a narrow margin. Democrats made a net gain of three seats in the Senate for a total of 50 seats, taking control of the chamber as newly elected vice-president Kamala Harris could cast tie-breaking votes. Contests for the six non-voting congressional delegates from the District of Columbia and the permanently inhabited U.S. territories were also held during the 2020 elections.
Regularly-scheduled elections were held in 86 of the 99 state legislative chambers, and 11 states held their gubernatorial elections. Only one state governorship and two legislative chambers changed partisan control, as Republicans won the gubernatorial race in Montana and gained control of both legislative chambers in New Hampshire. Various other state executive and judicial elections, as well as numerous referendums, tribal elections, mayoral elections, and other local elections, also took place in 2020. The 2020 elections were the last major set of elections to impact the redistricting cycle that will take place following the 2020 census. Significant issues for voters included the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, as well as health care, the economy, racial unrest and climate change. Social distancing guidelines resulted in unprecedented levels of postal voting and early voting. Voter turnout greatly exceeded recent elections; one projection has turnout by voting eligible population being higher than any election since 1900.
After Biden won the election, Trump and other Republicans refused to concede, making baseless and disproven claims of widespread voter fraud,[4][5][6] despite U.S. election security officials saying that the election was "the most secure in American history".[7] These attempts to overturn the election resulted in a deadly attack on the U.S. Capitol, which led to Trump being impeached for the second time and deplatformed across several major social media platforms.[8][9][10]
Issues
During the campaign, the most prominent issues were the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, health care, economy, race, and abortion.[11] Democrats emphasized coronavirus economic relief and public health measures such as contact tracing, face mask usage, and social distancing, whereas Republican downplayed the coronavirus,[12] scuttled coronavirus economic relief negotiations in the lead-up to the election,[13][14] and advocated for laxer public health measures to deal with the spread of the coronavirus.[15] Trump himself held events across the country, including in coronavirus hotspots, where attendees did not wear masks and were not socially distancing; at the same time, he mocked those who wore face masks.[16][17][18]
The Republican Party opted not to provide a comprehensive platform of its policy positions for the election; the 2020 platform was a one-page resolution which stated that the party "has and will continue to enthusiastically support the president's America-first agenda."[19] Democrats ran on protecting and expanding the Affordable Care Act, while criticizing Republicans for jeopardizing protections for individuals with preexisting conditions.[20][21] Republicans generally did not emphasize health care issues, as their opposition to the Affordable Care Act had become a political liability by 2020, as the legislation had grown in popularity.[21][22]
On the environment, Democrats proposed plans to combat climate change, including through investments in renewable energy and rejoining the Paris Climate Accords, whereas Republicans emphasized increased production of oil and natural gas.[23]
During the election campaign, Democrats made calls for criminal justice reform and spoke of a need to reduce systemic racism in the criminal justice system.[24][25] Republicans ran on a "law and order" and pro-police messaging.[26][27] While Democrats in many races were moderate, Republicans depicted them as extremists or secret "socialists" who held radical views on criminal justice or climate legislation.[26]
The rhetoric of incumbent president Donald Trump and his allies during the election campaign was marked by frequent use of falsehoods and promotion of unfounded conspiracy theories.[28][29][30] In the lead-up to the elections, Republicans attacked voting rights and spread falsehoods about voter fraud.[31][32][33][34] Trump refused to commit to a peaceful transition of power in case he lost the election.[35] While senior Republicans disapproved of Trump's rhetoric in private, they refused to rebuke him publicly.[36]
Federal elections
Presidential election
The U.S. presidential election of 2020 was the 59th quadrennial U.S. presidential election, and was held to fill a term lasting from January 20, 2021, to January 20, 2025. By November 7, all major media organizations had projected that former vice president Joe Biden, the candidate of the Democratic Party, had defeated incumbent Republican president Donald Trump in the election.[37] Based on the winner of the popular vote in each state,[b] the Electoral College cast votes on December 14, and Congress counted the electoral votes and formally declared Biden as the election winner in a joint session on January 6, 2021.[38] In the months after the election, Trump challenged the results of the election, but on January 7, following congressional certification of the electoral vote and the 2021 storming of the United States Capitol, Trump acknowledged that "a new administration will be inaugurated."[39]
Biden won the election with 306 electoral votes and 51.3% of the national popular vote, compared to Trump's 232 electoral votes and 46.9% of the popular vote. Biden won every state that 2016 Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton won in the 2016 presidential election, as well as Arizona, Georgia, Michigan, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, and Nebraska's second congressional district. Biden won the tipping-point state, Wisconsin, by a margin of 0.6%.[40] While Biden won the popular vote by 7 million votes, across Arizona, Georgia, and Wisconsin, the three states whose electoral votes contributed to Biden's win, Biden won by fewer than 45,000 votes.[41] In California and New York, Biden received 7 million more votes than Trump, accounting for Biden's popular vote win.[41] Among third party and independent candidates, Libertarian Party candidate Jo Jorgensen won 1.2% of the popular vote, Green Party candidate Howie Hawkins finished with 0.3% of the vote, and various other candidates won about 0.4% of the vote.
Incumbent Trump won re-nomination by his party after facing token opposition in the 2020 Republican primaries.[42][43] The Republican Party also re-nominated Vice President Mike Pence as Trump's running mate for the 2020 election. Biden became the Democratic Party's presumptive nominee in early April 2020 after Bernie Sanders withdrew from the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries; Biden later chose Kamala Harris as his running mate shortly before the 2020 Democratic National Convention.[44] Along with Biden and Sanders, Elizabeth Warren, Michael Bloomberg, Pete Buttigieg, Amy Klobuchar, and Tulsi Gabbard all won at least one delegate in the 2020 Democratic presidential primaries.[45] Beyond the two major parties, about 1,200 individuals listed their names with the federal government as third party and independent candidates.[46][c]
Biden is the oldest individual to win a US presidential election,[48] and Kamala Harris is the first woman to be elected vice president of the US.[49] Trump's defeat made him the first incumbent president to lose re-election since George H. W. Bush in the 1992 presidential election,[50] and the tenth elected president to lose his re-election bid.[51] He also became the first elected president to lose the popular vote twice since Benjamin Harrison in the late 19th century; and the first president ever to be elected while losing the popular vote, to then be impeached, and to then lose reelection as an incumbent.[2][52] Accounting for the Democratic gain of the House in 2018, 2020 represented the first time since the 1930 and 1932 elections, as well as the sixth time overall, that an opposition party flipped control of the White House and both houses of Congress from the prior governing party following a single presidential term.[53] Biden became the first U.S. presidential candidate to win over 80 million total votes, won the highest share of the popular vote of any challenger to an incumbent president since the 1932 presidential election, and won the popular vote by the largest margin since Barack Obama's victory in the 2008 presidential election.[54] The Democratic victory in the national popular vote marked the seventh time in eight elections that Democrats won the national popular vote, although Republicans won the majority of the electoral vote (and thus the election) in three of those eight elections.[55]
Congressional elections
Senate elections
| 33 | 12 | 2 | 23 | 30 |
| 15 Democrats not up |
12 Democrats up |
[d] | 23 Republicans up |
30 Republicans not up |
| Class | Democratic | Independent | Republican | Next elections |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 21 | 2 | 10 | 2024 |
| 2 | 13 | 0 | 20 | 2026 |
| 3 | 14 | 0 | 20 | 2022 |
| Total | 48 | 2 | 50 | — |
Thirty-five of the 100 seats in the United States Senate were up for election in 2020: all 33 seats of Senate Class II, and seats in Arizona and Georgia that were up for special elections. Republicans defended 23 seats, while Democrats defended 12 seats. Prior to the 2020 election, and including seats not up for election, Republicans held 53 Senate seats, while Democrats held 45 seats, and Democratic-aligned independents held the remaining two seats. Because the vice president has the casting vote in the Senate, Democrats needed to achieve a net gain of at least three seats to achieve control if they won the vice presidency; otherwise, they needed to achieve a net gain of at least four seats to take the majority.
Five seats changed partisan control in the 2020 elections, as Democrats defeated both Republican incumbents in Georgia, as well as the Republican incumbents in the seats up in Arizona and Colorado. Republicans picked up one seat by defeating the Democratic incumbent in Alabama. The results of the 2020 cycle left both partisan caucuses with 50 senators.[56] Democrats gained majority control of the Senate on January 20, 2021, when Vice President-elect Harris and senators Alex Padilla, Jon Ossoff, and Raphael Warnock were sworn into office.[57] Democrats gained control of the Senate for the first time since they lost control in the 2014 United States Senate elections.
House of Representatives elections
Democratic gain Republican gain
Democratic hold Republican hold
Independent hold
All 435 voting seats in the United States House of Representatives were up for election; 218 seats are necessary for a majority. The winners of each race serve a two-year term. Democrats had gained control of the House of Representatives in the 2018 elections, winning 235 seats compared to 199 seats for Republicans.[e] Due to vacancies and party-switching that arose during the 116th Congress, immediately before the November 2020 elections Democrats held 232 seats, compared to 197 seats held by Republicans and one seat, that of Justin Amash, held by the Libertarian Party.[58] Thus, Republicans needed to gain 21 seats to gain a majority.
Republicans picked up 14 seats in the House elections, defeating thirteen incumbent House Democrats.[59] Nationally, Democratic House candidates won by a margin of about 3%, as many Democrats ran behind Biden.[60] The election results left Democrats with a narrow majority of 222 seats at the start of the 117th Congress.
Special elections
Five special elections were held in 2020 to replace a member who resigned or died in office during the 116th U.S. Congress:
- California's 25th congressional district: Republican Mike Garcia defeated Democrat Christy Smith to replace Democrat Katie Hill who, on October 27, 2019, announced her intent to resign in the wake of ethics concerns surrounding a relationship with a staffer.[61] The district has an even partisan index.[62]
- Georgia's 5th congressional district: Democrat Kwanza Hall defeated Democrat Robert Michael Franklin Jr. to succeed Democrat John Lewis after his death from pancreatic cancer on July 17, 2020.[63][64][65] The district has a partisan index of D+34.[66]
- Maryland's 7th congressional district: Democrat Kweisi Mfume defeated Republican Kimberly Klacik to replace Democrat Elijah Cummings, who died in office on October 17, 2019.[67] The district has a partisan index of D+26.[68]
- New York's 27th congressional district: Republican Chris Jacobs defeated Democrat Nate McMurray[69] to succeed Republican Chris Collins, who resigned from Congress on October 1, 2019, ahead of his pleading guilty to insider trading.[70] The district has a partisan index of R+11.[71]
- Wisconsin's 7th congressional district: Republican Tom Tiffany defeated Democrat Tricia Zunker to replace Republican Sean Duffy, who announced his resignation effective September 23, 2019, ahead of the birth of his ninth child, who was diagnosed in utero with severe medical complications.[72][73] The district has a partisan index of R+7.[74]
State elections
Gubernatorial
| 23 | 5 | 1 | 7 | 20 |
| Democrats Not Up | Democrats Up | PNP/R Up | Republicans Up | Republicans Not Up |
Elections were held for the governorships of 11 U.S. states and two U.S. territories. Most elections were for four-year terms, but the governors of New Hampshire and Vermont each serve two-year terms. Republicans defended a total of seven seats, while Democrats defended six seats. Only one state governorship changed parties, as Republican Greg Gianforte won the 2020 Montana gubernatorial election, succeeding outgoing Democratic governor Steve Bullock.[75] In Puerto Rico, the governorship was retained by the New Progressive Party, although the winning candidate, Pedro Pierluisi, is affiliated with the Democratic Party, replacing an incumbent who was affiliated with the Republican Party.[76]
Legislative
Regularly-scheduled elections were held in 86 of the 99 state legislative chambers in the United States; nationwide, regularly-scheduled elections were held for 5,876 of the 7,383 legislative seats. Many legislative chambers had all legislative seats up for election, but some legislative chambers that use staggered elections held elections for only a portion of the total seats in the chamber.[g] Although most states held regularly-scheduled elections for both legislative chambers, Alabama, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, New Jersey and Virginia did not hold state legislative elections, and Michigan held elections only for the lower house.[f] Nebraska, the only state that does not have a bicameral state legislature, held elections for half of the seats in its lone legislative chamber.[77]
A total of two legislative chambers changed partisan control in 2020, as Republicans gained control of both chambers in New Hampshire.[78][79] This represented the fewest partisan changes in state legislatures since 1944.[80]
Prior to the November 2020 elections, Democrats held 15 "trifectas" (control of the governor's office and both legislative chambers), Republicans held 20 trifectas, and 14 states have a divided government. Not included in this tally is Nebraska, as its legislature officially recognizes no party affiliations.[81][82] Nationwide, Republicans controlled approximately 60 percent of the legislative chambers and 52 percent of the legislative seats.[83] The 2020 elections created two new trifectas, as the New Hampshire and Montana state government shifted from divided government to Republican control.
Attorney general
Regularly-scheduled elections were held in 10 of 43 states that elect attorneys general. The previous attorney general elections for this group of states took place in 2016, except in Vermont where attorneys general only serve two-year terms and last elected their current attorney general in 2018. Nine state attorneys general ran for re-election and eight won, while Republican Tim Fox of Montana could not run again due to term limits and Republican Curtis Hill of Indiana was eliminated in the Republican convention.[84]
No attorneys general offices changed party control in 2020.[85]
Secretary of State
Regularly-scheduled elections were held in 7 of 35 states that elect secretaries of states. The previous secretary of state elections for this group of states took place in 2016, except in Vermont where secretaries of state only serve two-year terms and last elected their current secretary of state in 2018. Five state secretaries of state ran for re-election and all five won, while Republicans Corey Stapleton of Montana and Bev Clarno of Oregon chose to retire.[86]
Democrats picked up the secretary of state office in Oregon.[87]
State Treasurer
Regularly-scheduled elections were held in nine states. The previous state treasurer elections for this group of states took place in 2016, except in Vermont where state treasurers only serve two-year terms and last elected their current state treasurer in 2018. Eight state treasurers ran for re-election and five won, while Republican Kelly Schmidt of North Dakota chose to retire.[88]
Republicans picked up the state treasurer offices in Pennsylvania and West Virginia. While Democrats picked up the state treasurer office in Washington.[88]
Other state elections
In 2020, 82 state supreme court seats are up for election in 35 states. This constitutes 24% of all state supreme court seats in the country. Various other state courts will also hold elections in 2020. Various state executive positions are also up for election in 2020.
Referendums and ballot measures
In the 2020 elections, voters considered a number of referendums, initiatives, ballot measures, and state constitutional amendments on a variety of topics, ranging from Medicaid expansion to marijuana legalization to voting rights.[89] Since the murder of George Floyd and subsequent protests, there were at least 20 police-related ballot measures across the country, including in California, Illinois, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Texas, and Washington.[90]
- In the 2020 Puerto Rican status referendum, Puerto Ricans decisively voted for statehood; the measure was nonbinding (since only Congress may admit a state to the Union) but was a significant step forward in Puerto Rico's effort to become a state.[91][92]
- Four states legalized marijuana for recreational use: New Jersey, South Dakota, Montana (Montana I-190), and Arizona (Proposition 207).[93] The measures passed by broad margins.[93]
- Oregon became the first U.S. state to decriminalize possession of small amounts of "harder drugs" such as cocaine, heroin, or methamphetamine, making possession a civil violation rather than a criminal offense. The measure also directed revenue raised from marijuana sales taxes to drug addiction treatment.[93]
- Oregon also became the first state to legalize the use of psychedelic mushrooms, with Measure 109 passing with 56% of the vote. The measure allows the regulated use of psychedelic mushrooms by adults over the age of 21 in supervised, therapeutic settings, and requires secure storage at licensed facilities.[94]
- Alabama, Colorado, and Florida voters passed state constitutional amendments narrowing the right to vote in elections by replacing language in the state constitution stating "every citizen" has the right to vote with "only a citizen." These measures had no practical impact since non-citizens were not permitted to vote in U.S. elections before the measures were adopted.[95][96][97]
- Colorado voters decided to keep the state in the National Popular Vote Interstate Compact by a 52-to-48 margin, rejecting a repeal effort.[98]
- Voters in Rhode Island decided to remove "and Providence Plantations" from the state's official name.[99]
- In California, voters rejected Proposition 16, a measure to repeal the state ban on affirmative action.[100][101]
- In California, Proposition 22 passed with 58% of the vote; the measure, which was backed by $200 million from Uber/Postmates, Lyft, DoorDash, and Instacart, reversed a recently passed state law requiring those companies to treat "gig economy" workers as employees (entitled to the full array of employee benefits) rather than as independent contractors.[102][103]
- In California, Proposition 25, a veto referendum, passed by broad margins, thus nullifying a state bill that would have replaced cash bail with risk assessments for suspects detained pending trial.[104]
- In Mississippi voters overwhelmingly approved a new state flag, replacing the former divisive state flag, which included the Confederate battle flag.[105][106]
- Missouri voters approved an initiative amending their state constitutions to expand Medicaid under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, circumventing the Republican-dominated state legislature, which had refused to do so.[107][108][109] The Missouri constitutional amendment will expand Medicaid access to a quarter-million more adults starting in July 2021.[109]
- Michigan voters approved a legislatively referred state constitutional amendment prohibiting the unreasonable search and seizure of electronic data and electronic communications and requiring state and local police to obtain a search warrant before searching electronic data.[110] The measure, passed with 89% of the vote.[111] Michigan became the 13th state to include privacy protections in a state constitution, and the third state to add such protection by ballot measure.[110]
- Maryland voters approved by a 2–1 margin, a ballot measure to legalize sports betting at stadiums and casinos, with tax proceeds benefiting K-12 public schools; the vote made Maryland the 18th state to legalize sports betting.[112]
- Ballot measures to remove "penal exceptions" from state constitutional prohibitions on slavery (language that allowed slavery as a criminal punishment) passed in Nebraska and Utah, with about 68% and 80% of the vote, respectively. These unenforceable and obsolete provisions were once used for convict leasing and forced prisoner labor.[105][113]
- Maine voters, in the March 2020 primary ballot, rejected (by a wide margin) a veto referendum that sought to overturn a new Maine state law that eliminated religious and philosophical exemptions from mandatory vaccinations for K-12 and college students and employees of healthcare facilities.[114]
- Alaska voters narrowly approved an initiative to replace partisan primaries with top-four open primaries and ranked-choice voting for state, federal, and presidential level.[115][116][117][118]
- In Florida, a proposed state constitutional amendment to establish open "jungle primaries" (also called "top-two" primaries), with the top two vote-getters advancing to the November ballot (irrespective of party) was defeated; 57% voted to approve, short of the three-fifths (60%) vote required.[119][120]
- Massachusetts voters rejected Question 2, an initiative to implement ranked-choice voting for future state elections, with about 55% voting against the question.[121][122] Massachusetts voters approved Question 1 with a 75% "yes" vote,[122] extending the "right to repair" to certain vehicles, extending 2012 legislation and consumers' rights to obtain telematics data.[123][124]
- Illinois voted against the Illinois Fair Tax, a proposed state amendment championed by Governor J. B. Pritzker, which, had it passed, would have changed the state income tax system from a flat tax to a graduated income tax.[125][126]
- Georgia approved, by wide margins, ballot questions that aimed to make funds collected from taxes and fees used for their intended projects (passed with 82% of the vote); waived sovereign immunity in cases alleging unconstitutionality of a law; and exempting certain charities from property tax.[127][128][129][130]
- Florida, Arkansas and North Dakota voters defeated legislatively-referred measures which would have restricted the ability of citizens to place questions on the ballot or added hurdles to enacting laws via ballot measure. In Florida, voters defeated a measure would have required voters to pass future state constitutional amendments by 60% in two successive elections (rather than one election) in order for the amendment to be adopted.[131] In North Dakota, voters defeated a measure would have required future successful citizen-initiated constitutional amendments to be sent to the legislature for further approval, and would refer those which failed to get legislative approval back to the ballot in the next general election;[132] In Arkansas, voters defeated Issue 3, a measure would have required future ballot initiatives to gain half of the required petition signatures from each of 45 counties instead of the current 15 counties and also raised the threshold for the legislature to place a proposed constitutional amendment on the ballot from a simple majority of both chambers to three-fifths vote of both chambers.[133]
Several proposed referendums failed to secure the necessary number of signatures to appear on ballots due to disruptions and social distancing measures undertaken after the COVID-19 pandemic. These included an effort in Ohio to raise the state's hourly minimum wage from $8.70 to $13; an anti-gerrymandering efforts in Oklahoma and Arkansas; and a California effort to allow electronic signatures for future California ballot measures.[134]
Impact on redistricting
Following the 2020 United States census, the state delegations to the U.S. House of Representatives will undergo reapportionment, and both the U.S. House of Representatives and the state legislatures will undergo redistricting. In states without redistricting commissions, the legislators and governors elected between 2017 and 2020 will draw the new congressional and state legislative districts that will take effect starting with the 2022 elections. State supreme courts can also have a significant effect on redistricting, as demonstrated in states such as Pennsylvania and Virginia. Thus the 2020 elections had a significant impact on the 2020 United States redistricting cycle. Barring court orders or mid-decade redistricting, the districts drawn in the redistricting cycle will remain in place until the next round of redistricting begins in 2030.[135][136]
In the 2020 elections, the Republican Party won several legislative chambers and gubernatorial positions that had been selected by Democrats as key redistricting targets. Republicans flipped control of the New Hampshire legislature, defended the governorship of Missouri, retained control of both legislative chambers in Iowa, North Carolina, and Texas, and gained a super-majority in both chambers of the Kansas legislature, giving the party control of the key redistricting institutions in those states. Republicans also retained control of the Pennsylvania legislature and Minnesota Senate, ensuring divided partisan control of redistricting in both states. Additionally, the passage of a referendum in Virginia removed control of redistricting from the Democratic-controlled legislature to an independent commission.[79] However, in New York, Democrats gained a two-thirds super-majority in the State Senate and held their super-majority in the State Assembly, giving the party full control of redistricting.[137]
Territorial elections
The U.S. territories of American Samoa and Puerto Rico held gubernatorial and legislative elections in 2020, while Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the U.S. Virgin Islands held legislative elections. Along with Washington, D.C., each territory also held elections for a non-voting delegate to the U.S. House of Representatives. All non-voting delegates serve two-year terms, with the exception of the Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico, a non-voting position with a four-year term. Washington, D.C., also held elections for its shadow representative and one of its two shadow senators. The five territories also took part in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries and the 2020 Republican Party presidential primaries.
Local elections
Mayoral elections
Since the beginning of 2020, various major cities have seen incumbent mayors re-elected, including Bakersfield (Karen Goh),[138] Fremont (Lily Mei),[139] and Sacramento, California (Darrell Steinberg);[140] Baton Rouge, Louisiana (Sharon Weston Broome);[141] Chesapeake (David West),[142] Fairfax City (David Meyer),[142] Fredericksburg (Mary Katherine Greenlaw),[142] Hampton (Donnie Tuck),[142] Richmond (Levar Stoney),[143] and Virginia Beach, Virginia (Bobby Dyer);[144] Glendale (Jerry Weiers),[145] Mesa (John Giles),[146] and Phoenix, Arizona (Kate Gallego);[147] Irving (Rick Stopfer)[148] and Lubbock, Texas (Dan Pope);[149] Milwaukee (Tom Barrett),[150] and Kenosha, Wisconsin (John Antaramian); [151] Portland, Oregon (Ted Wheeler);[152] Salt Lake County, Utah (Jenny Wilson);[153] Wilmington, Delaware (Mike Purzycki);[154] Winston-Salem, North Carolina (Allen Joines);[155] and Bayamón, Puerto Rico (Ramón Luis Rivera Jr.).[156]
In Norfolk, Virginia, Mayor Kenny Alexander was unopposed in seeking reelection,[142] as was Mayor John Cruz in Hagåtña, Guam.[157] In Tulsa, Oklahoma, incumbent mayor G. T. Bynum earned reelection by winning an outright majority in the August primary.[158]
Open mayoral seats were won in Clearwater (Frank Hibbard)[159] and Miami-Dade County, Florida (Daniella Levine Cava);[160] Fresno (Jerry Dyer),[161] Riverside (Patricia Lock Dawson),[162] San Diego (Todd Gloria),[163] and Santa Ana, California (Vicente Sarmiento);[164] Gilbert (Brigette Peterson)[147] and Scottsdale, Arizona (David Ortega);[147] Honolulu, Hawaiʻi (Rick Blangiardi);[165] and San Juan, Puerto Rico (Miguel Romero).[166]
In Baltimore, Maryland, city council president Democrat Brandon Scott was elected to replace incumbent Democrat Jack Young who came in fifth in a crowded primary.[167][168] In Stockton, California, Kevin Lincoln defeated one-term incumbent mayor Michael Tubbs, who was first Black mayor of the city and the youngest person elected to the position when he unseated incumbent mayor Anthony Silva in 2016.[169] In Texas, two mayoral runoff elections in December saw incumbents defeated: In Corpus Christi, city councilwoman Paulette Guajardo defeated incumbent Joe McComb,[170] and in El Paso, former mayor Oscar Leeser unseated one-term incumbent Dee Margo.[171] In Ely, Minnesota, Eric Urbas defeated three-term incumbent mayor Chuck Novack despite Urbas having dropped out of the race in August.[172] In Rabbit Hash, Kentucky, incumbent Brynneth Pawltro was ousted by Wilbur Beast, a 6-month-old French bulldog.[173] The town has never had a human mayor; Pawltro is a pit bull terrier.
Mayoral recalls
Several mayors faced recall campaigns during 2020. Mayors in Broken Bow, Nebraska; Diamond City, Arkansas; Heyburn, Idaho; and Oregon City, Oregon, were removed from office. Mayors in Elizabeth and Idaho Springs, Colorado; Humboldt, Nebraska; Powers, Oregon; Stevensville, Montana; and Westminster, California were retained in office.[174]
Other elections and referendums
- More than a dozen cities and counties voted on police reform and accountability measures, including referendums creating new police civilian review boards, strengthening the oversight powers of existing boards (such as granting subpoena powers), requiring the public disclosure of body-camera video after incidents of police use of force, and allocating police funding to community initiatives.[175] Most of the ballot questions passed, including measures in Oakland, San Francisco, San Diego, San Jose, and Sonoma County in California; King County, Washington; Portland, Oregon; Kyle, Texas; and Philadelphia and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.[175]
- Voters in Washington, D.C., re-elected shadow senator Paul Strauss and elected Oye Owolewa as its shadow representative. These shadow positions are charged with lobbying Congress for D.C. statehood.[176]
- D.C. voters approved Initiative 81, an initiative that designated the enforcement of laws against entheogens (psychedelics), including psilocybin mushrooms, peyote, and ayahuasca,[176][177] as "among the Metropolitan Police Department's lowest law enforcement priorities."[178] The measure passed with 76% of the vote.[179]
Tribal elections
A number of Native American tribal governments held elections for tribal leadership in 2020. As with other elections in the country, the coronavirus pandemic disrupted many elections, delaying primaries and shifting some voting from in-person to postal.
The Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation reelected President Bernadine Burnette;[180] the Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians reelected Tribal Chairman Aaron A. Payment;[181] Oneida Nation of Wisconsin reelected Chairman Tehassi Hill;[182] the Bois Forte Band of Chippewa reelected Tribal Chair Cathy Chavers;[183] the Wichita and Affiliated Tribes reelected President Terri Parton;[184] the Sitka Tribe of Alaska reelected Tribal Chairman Lawrence "Woody" Widmark;[185] and incumbent Tribal Chief Donald (Doc) Slyter was unopposed in seeking reelection to lead the Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua and Siuslaw Indians.[186] Stephanie Bryan, the first woman to serve as chair of the Poarch Band of Creek Indians, also won reelection.[187] United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians incumbent Tribal Chief Joe Bunch, who was impeached but not removed from office in January 2020,[188] was re-elected.
In a runoff election, former South Dakota state senator Kevin Killer defeated incumbent Oglala Lakota Tribe president Julian Running Bear, who made the runoff by a single vote after surviving an impeachment effort in September.[189][190][191] Crow Nation Senator Frank White Clay defeated incumbent tribal chairman A.J. Not Afraid Jr.[192] Kristopher Peters was elected Squaxin Island Tribe tribal council chairman, defeating incumbent Arnold Cooper,[193] and Joseph Tali Byrd defeated long-time Quapaw Nation Business Committee Chairman John Berrey.[194] Durell Cooper defeated incumbent Apache Tribe of Oklahoma Tribal Chairman Bobby Komardley.[195] Walter R. Echo-Hawk was unopposed in a special election for president of the Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma Business Council[196] following the April 2020 recall of the prior president, James Whiteshirt.[197] The Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community elected Keith Anderson tribal chairman, replacing the retiring Charlie Vig.[198]
Three Minnesota Chippewa Tribe bands had candidates win more than 50% of the votes in June primaries, eliminating the need for a general election: Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe incumbent tribal chair Faron Jackson Sr.,[199] White Earth Nation incumbent chief executive Michael Fairbanks,[200] and, on the Grand Portage Indian Reservation, challenger Bobby Deschampe, who defeated incumbent tribal chair Beth Drost.[201]
Northern Cheyenne voters elected five women to the tribal council, along with electing Donna Marie Fisher as tribal president and Serena Wetherelt as vice president. It is the first time women will make up the majority on the Northern Cheyenne tribal council.[202]
Tribal referendums
- In March, the Oglala Lakota Tribe approved a referendum allowing medical and recreational marijuana while also opposing a referendum allowing alcohol sales at the Prairie Wind Casino on the Pine Ridge Reservation.[203]
- In July, Oneida Nation of Wisconsin voters approved a referendum supporting a long-range Oneida language initiative.[182]
- In October, the Yurok Tribe narrowly approved a referendum supporting establishment of a cannabis marketplace on tribal land.[204]
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
Starting in March 2020, elections across the United States were delayed and disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Numerous states delayed presidential primaries, while Alabama delayed the Republican primary Senatorial run-off and North Carolina and Mississippi delayed Republican primary run-off for congressional seats.[205] Iowa, Missouri, South Carolina, and Texas all delayed municipal elections, and in New York City the special election for Queens borough president was cancelled.[206] The pandemic also led to the postponement of the 2020 Democratic National Convention, and both the 2020 Democratic National Convention and the 2020 Republican National Convention were held virtually.[207]
To help enforce social distancing, many states expanded absentee and vote-by-mail options for 2020 primary elections and the November general elections.[208] Several elections, including Democratic primaries in Alaska and Hawaiʻi, as well as the Maryland 7th congressional district special election, were conducted entirely with mail-in ballots only.[206]
While the pandemic was impacting a number of things in elections 2020, Donald Trump was reported of planning to host his Election Night party at the White House. Two officials informed that Trump was planning a large indoor party of nearly 400 people at the East Room. The Trump Hotel on Pennsylvania Avenue was initially chosen as the venue, but this was later changed due to the coronavirus restrictions that limited such gatherings to 50 people.[209][210]
Turnout
With many states easing rules on early voting in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020 election saw an unprecedented rate of early voting.[211] By October 26, with eight days remaining until the election, the total early vote throughout the United States had eclipsed that of 2016.[212] In total, about 100 million voters cast early votes, compared to the approximately 57 million early votes cast in 2016.[213] Democrats disproportionately voted by mail, while Republicans tended to vote more frequently in person.[211]
Just under 160 million people voted in the 2020 elections, compared to a turnout of approximately 137 million in the 2016 presidential election. Michael McDonald projects that about 67% of the voting eligible population voted in 2020, the highest rate of voter participation since the 1952 election.[214][215] The 2020 elections saw the highest rate of voter participation by voting eligible population since the ratification of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which prohibits racial discrimination in voting, and the Twenty-sixth Amendment, which effectively lowered the national voting age from 21 to 18.[216][217]
Public perceptions and analysis
In a poll conducted in 2019, 59% of respondents expressed that they are not confident in the "honesty of U.S. elections".[218] In an August 2020 survey, 49% of respondents said that they expect voting to be "difficult", up from 15% in 2018; 75% of Republicans, but less than half of Democrats were confident that the elections "will be conducted fairly and accurately".[219] In an October 2020 survey, 47% of respondents disagreed with the statement that the election "is likely to be fair and honest", 51% would not "generally agree on who is the legitimately elected president of the United States";[220] 56% said that they expect "an increase in violence as a result of the election".[220] 49% of college students polled in September 2020 said that the elections won't be "fair and open", 55% that "it will not be administered well", and 81% that "special interest groups have more influence over election outcomes than voters".[221]
According to an October 2020 poll, eight out of ten Americans consider misinformation a "major problem";[222] Biden supporters were more likely than Trump supporters to trust the news media and their candidate's messaging.[222][223]
Historian Timothy Snyder, an expert on authoritarianism, said that "it's important not to talk about this as just an election. It's an election surrounded by the authoritarian language of a coup d'etat. [...] [Trump] seems pretty sure he won't win the election, [but] he doesn't want to leave the office." According to Snyder, in order to overcome Trump's "authoritarian's instinct", the opposition "has to win the election and it has to win the aftermath of the election."[224]
According to political scientist Gary C. Jacobson, "The 2020 elections extended several long-term trends in American electoral politics that were driven to new extremes by the singularly divisive person and presidency of Donald J. Trump. The election set new records for electoral continuity, party loyalty, nationalization, polarization, and presidential influence on the down-ballot vote choices, to the point where local factors such as incumbency, candidate quality, and campaign spending barely registered in the congressional election results."[225]
Table of state, territorial, and federal results
This table shows the partisan results of president, congressional, gubernatorial, and state legislative races held in each state and territory in 2020. Note that not all states and territories held gubernatorial, state legislative, and U.S. Senate elections in 2020. The five territories and Washington, D.C., do not elect members of the U.S. Senate, and the territories do not take part in presidential elections; instead, they each elect one non-voting member of the House. Nebraska's unicameral legislature and the governorship and legislature of American Samoa are elected on a non-partisan basis and therefore political party affiliation is not listed.
| Subdivision and PVI[226] | Before 2020 elections[227] | After 2020 elections | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subdivision | PVI | Governor | State leg. | U.S. Senate | U.S. House | Pres.[h] | Governor | State leg. | U.S. Senate | U.S. House | |
| Alabama | R+14 | Rep | Rep | Split | Rep 6–1 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 6–1 | |
| Alaska | R+9 | Rep | Split | Rep | Rep 1–0 | Rep | Rep | Split[i] | Rep | Rep 1–0 | |
| Arizona | R+5 | Rep | Rep | Split | Dem 5–4 | Dem | Rep | Rep | Dem | Dem 5–4 | |
| Arkansas | R+15 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 4–0 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 4–0 | |
| California | D+12 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 45–7 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 42–11 | |
| Colorado | D+1 | Dem | Dem | Split | Dem 4–3 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 4–3 | |
| Connecticut | D+6 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 5–0 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 5–0 | |
| Delaware | D+6 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 1–0 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 1–0 | |
| Florida | R+2 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 14–13 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 16–11 | |
| Georgia | R+5 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 8–4 | Dem | Rep | Rep | Dem | Rep 8–6 | |
| Hawaii | D+18 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 2–0 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 2–0 | |
| Idaho | R+19 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 2–0 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 2–0 | |
| Illinois | D+7 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 13–5 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 13–5 | |
| Indiana | R+9 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 7–2 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 7–2 | |
| Iowa | R+3 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Dem 3–1 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 3–1 | |
| Kansas | R+13 | Dem | Rep | Rep | Rep 3–1 | Rep | Dem | Rep | Rep | Rep 3–1 | |
| Kentucky | R+15 | Dem | Rep | Rep | Rep 5–1 | Rep | Dem | Rep | Rep | Rep 5–1 | |
| Louisiana | R+11 | Dem | Rep | Rep | Rep 5–1 | Rep | Dem | Rep | Rep | Rep 5–1 | |
| Maine | D+3 | Dem | Dem | Split R/I[j] | Dem 2–0 | Dem[k] | Dem | Dem | Split R/I[j] | Dem 2–0 | |
| Maryland | D+12 | Rep | Dem | Dem | Dem 7–1 | Dem | Rep | Dem | Dem | Dem 7–1 | |
| Massachusetts | D+12 | Rep | Dem | Dem | Dem 9–0 | Dem | Rep | Dem | Dem | Dem 9–0 | |
| Michigan | D+1 | Dem | Rep | Dem | Dem 7–6–1 | Dem | Dem | Rep | Dem | Split 7–7 | |
| Minnesota | D+1 | Dem | Split | Dem | Dem 5–3 | Dem | Dem | Split | Dem | Split 4–4 | |
| Mississippi | R+9 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 3–1 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 3–1 | |
| Missouri | R+9 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 6–2 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 6–2 | |
| Montana | R+11 | Dem | Rep | Split | Rep 1–0 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Split | Rep 1–0 | |
| Nebraska | R+14 | Rep | NP | Rep | Rep 3–0 | Rep[l] | Rep | NP | Rep | Rep 3–0 | |
| Nevada | D+1 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 3–1 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 3–1 | |
| New Hampshire | Even | Rep | Dem | Dem | Dem 2–0 | Dem | Rep | Rep | Dem | Dem 2–0 | |
| New Jersey | D+7 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 10–2 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 10–2 | |
| New Mexico | D+3 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 3–0 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 2–1 | |
| New York | D+11 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 21–6 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 19–8 | |
| North Carolina | R+3 | Dem | Rep | Rep | Rep 9–3 | Rep | Dem | Rep | Rep | Rep 8–5 | |
| North Dakota | R+17 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 1–0 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 1–0 | |
| Ohio | R+3 | Rep | Rep | Split | Rep 12–4 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Split | Rep 12–4 | |
| Oklahoma | R+20 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 4–1 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 5–0 | |
| Oregon | D+5 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 4–1 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 4–1 | |
| Pennsylvania | Even | Dem | Rep | Split | Split 9–9 | Dem | Dem | Rep | Split | Split 9–9 | |
| Rhode Island | D+10 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 2–0 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 2–0 | |
| South Carolina | R+8 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 5–2 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 6–1 | |
| South Dakota | R+14 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 1–0 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 1–0 | |
| Tennessee | R+14 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 7–2 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 7–2 | |
| Texas | R+8 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 22–13 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 23–13 | |
| Utah | R+20 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 3–1 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 4–0 | |
| Vermont | D+15 | Rep | Dem | Split D/I[m] | Dem 1–0 | Dem | Rep | Dem | Split D/I[m] | Dem 1–0 | |
| Virginia | D+1 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 7–4 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 7–4 | |
| Washington | D+7 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 7–3 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 7–3 | |
| West Virginia | R+20 | Rep | Rep | Split | Rep 3–0 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Split | Rep 3–0 | |
| Wisconsin | Even | Dem | Rep | Split | Rep 5–3 | Dem | Dem | Rep | Split | Rep 5–3 | |
| Wyoming | R+25 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 1–0 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 1–0 | |
| United States | Even | Rep 26–24 | Rep 28–19–2 | Rep 53–47[n] | Dem 232–197 | Dem | Rep 27–23 | Rep 29–18–2 | Dem 50–50[a] | Dem 222–213 | |
| Washington, D.C. | D+43 | Dem[o] | Dem[o] | — | Dem | Dem | Dem[o] | Dem[o] | — | Dem | |
| American Samoa | — | NP/D[p] | NP | Rep | — | NP/D[q] | NP | Rep | |||
| Guam | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem[r] | Dem | Dem | Dem | ||||
| N. Mariana Islands | Rep | Rep | Ind[s] | — | Rep | Split[t] | Ind[s] | ||||
| Puerto Rico | PNP/R[u] | PNP | PNP/R[v] | PNP/D[w] | PDP | PNP/R[v] | |||||
| U.S. Virgin Islands | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | |||||
| Subdivision | PVI | Governor | State leg. | U.S. Senate | U.S. House | President | Governor | State leg. | U.S. Senate | U.S. House | |
| Subdivision and PVI | Before 2020 elections | After 2020 elections | |||||||||
Table of partisan control of state legislatures
| Subdivision[226][230] | Before 2020 elections[231][x] | After 2020 elections | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subdivision | PVI | % Pop. | Governor | Upper house | Lower house | Overall | Governor | Upper house | Lower house | Overall |
| Alabama | R+14 | 1.48 | Rep | Rep 27–8 | Rep 75–28 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep |
| Alaska | R+9 | 0.22 | Rep | Rep 13–7 | Coal. 22–17[y] | Div | Rep | Rep | Coal. | Div |
| Arizona | R+5 | 2.19 | Rep | Rep 17–13 | Rep 31–29 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep |
| Arkansas | R+15 | 0.91 | Rep | Rep 26–9 | Rep 75–23 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep |
| California | D+12 | 11.91 | Dem | Dem 29–11 | Dem 61–17–1 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem |
| Colorado | D+1 | 1.74 | Dem | Dem 19–16 | Dem 41–24 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem |
| Connecticut | D+6 | 1.07 | Dem | Dem 22–14 | Dem 91–60 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem |
| Delaware | D+6 | 0.29 | Dem | Dem 12–9 | Dem 26–15 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem |
| Florida | R+2 | 6.47 | Rep | Rep 23–17 | Rep 73–46 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep |
| Georgia | R+5 | 3.2 | Rep | Rep 35–21 | Rep 105–75 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep |
| Hawaii | D+18 | 0.43 | Dem | Dem 24–1 | Dem 46–5 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem |
| Idaho | R+19 | 0.54 | Rep | Rep 28–7 | Rep 56–14 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep |
| Illinois | D+7 | 3.82 | Dem | Dem 40–19 | Dem 73–44 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem |
| Indiana | R+9 | 2.03 | Rep | Rep 40–10 | Rep 67–33 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep |
| Iowa | R+3 | 0.95 | Rep | Rep 32–18 | Rep 53–47 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep |
| Kansas | R+13 | 0.88 | Dem | Rep 29–11 | Rep 84–41 | Div | Dem | Rep | Rep | Div |
| Kentucky | R+15 | 1.35 | Dem | Rep 28–10 | Rep 62–38 | Div | Dem | Rep | Rep | Div |
| Louisiana | R+11 | 1.4 | Dem | Rep 27–12 | Rep 68–35–2 | Div | Dem | Rep | Rep | Div |
| Maine | D+3 | 0.41 | Dem | Dem 21–14 | Dem 88–57–6 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem |
| Maryland | D+12 | 1.82 | Rep | Dem 32–14 | Dem 99–42 | Div | Rep | Dem | Dem | Div |
| Massachusetts | D+12 | 2.09 | Rep | Dem 36–4 | Dem 127–31–1 | Div | Rep | Dem | Dem | Div |
| Michigan | D+1 | 3.01 | Dem | Rep 22–16 | Rep 58–51 | Div | Dem | Rep | Rep | Div |
| Minnesota | D+1 | 1.7 | Dem | Rep 35–32 | Dem 75–59 | Div | Dem | Rep | Dem | Div |
| Mississippi | R+9 | 0.9 | Rep | Rep 36–16 | Rep 76–45–1 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep |
| Missouri | R+9 | 1.85 | Rep | Rep 23–8 | Rep 113–48 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep |
| Montana | R+11 | 0.32 | Dem | Rep 30–20 | Rep 57–43 | Div | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep |
| Nebraska | R+14 | 0.58 | Rep | NP[z] | —[z] | Rep | NP[z] | —[z] | ||
| Nevada | D+1 | 0.93 | Dem | Dem 13–8 | Dem 29–13 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem |
| New Hampshire | Even | 0.41 | Rep | Dem 14–10 | Dem 231–158–1 | Div | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep |
| New Jersey | D+7 | 2.68 | Dem | Dem 25–15 | Dem 52–28 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem |
| New Mexico | D+3 | 0.63 | Dem | Dem 26–16 | Dem 45–24 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem |
| New York | D+11 | 5.86 | Dem | Dem 40–20 | Dem 103–42–1 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem |
| North Carolina | R+3 | 3.16 | Dem | Rep 28–21 | Rep 64–55 | Div | Dem | Rep | Rep | Div |
| North Dakota | R+17 | 0.23 | Rep | Rep 37–10 | Rep 79–15 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep |
| Ohio | R+3 | 3.52 | Rep | Rep 24–9 | Rep 61–38 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep |
| Oklahoma | R+20 | 1.19 | Rep | Rep 38–9 | Rep 77–23 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep |
| Oregon | D+5 | 1.27 | Dem | Dem 18–12 | Dem 38–22 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem |
| Pennsylvania | Even | 3.86 | Dem | Rep 28–21–1 | Rep 109–93 | Div | Dem | Rep | Rep | Div |
| Rhode Island | D+10 | 0.32 | Dem | Dem 33–5 | Dem 66–9 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem |
| South Carolina | R+8 | 1.55 | Rep | Rep 27–19 | Rep 78–44 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep |
| South Dakota | R+14 | 0.27 | Rep | Rep 30–5 | Rep 59–11 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep |
| Tennessee | R+14 | 2.06 | Rep | Rep 28–5 | Rep 73–26 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep |
| Texas | R+8 | 8.74 | Rep | Rep 19–11 | Rep 84–66 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep |
| Utah | R+20 | 0.97 | Rep | Rep 23–6 | Rep 59–16 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep |
| Vermont | D+15 | 0.19 | Rep | Dem 22–6–1 | Dem 94–44–12 | Div | Rep | Dem | Dem | Div |
| Virginia | D+1 | 2.57 | Dem | Dem 21–19 | Dem 55–45 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem |
| Washington | D+7 | 2.29 | Dem | Dem 29–20 | Dem 57–41 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem |
| West Virginia | R+20 | 0.54 | Rep | Rep 20–14 | Rep 58–41–1 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep |
| Wisconsin | Even | 1.75 | Dem | Rep 18–13 | Rep 63–35 | Div | Dem | Rep | Rep | Div |
| Wyoming | R+25 | 0.17 | Rep | Rep 27–3 | Rep 50–9–1 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep |
| U.S. states | — | 98.71 | Rep 26–24 | Rep 30–19 | Rep 28–21[aa] | Rep 20–15[ab] | Rep 27–23 | Rep 31–18 | Rep 29–20 | Rep 22–15 |
| Washington, D.C. | D+43 | 0.21 | Dem[o] | Dem[o] | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | ||
| American Samoa | — | 0.02 | NP/D[ac] | NP | NP | NP | NP/D[p] | NP | NP | NP |
| Guam | 0.05 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | |||
| N. Mariana Islands | 0.02 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Div | Div | |
| Puerto Rico | 0.96 | PNP/R[ad] | PNP | PNP | PNP | PNP/D | Div | PDP | Div | |
| U.S. Virgin Islands | 0.03 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | |||
| United States | Even | 100 | 28–28 | Rep 31–22[ae] | Rep 30–20 | Rep 21–18 | 28–28 | Rep 32–21[ae] | Rep 29–20 | Rep 22–18 |
| Subdivision | PVI | % Pop. | Governor | Upper house | Lower house | Overall | Governor | Upper house | Lower house | Overall |
| Subdivision | Before 2020 elections | After 2020 elections | ||||||||
Partisan control of statewide offices
| Before election | After election | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | Attorney general | Governor | Lieutenant governor | Auditor | Treasurer | Attorney general | Governor | Lieutenant governor | Auditor | Treasurer | |
| Indiana | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | |
| Missouri | Rep | Rep | Rep | Dem | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Dem | Rep | |
| Montana | Rep | Dem | Dem | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | |||
| North Carolina | Dem | Dem | Rep | Dem | Rep | Dem | Dem | Rep | Dem | Rep | |
| Oregon | Dem | Dem | Rep
(Secretary of State) |
Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem
(Secretary of State) |
Dem | |||
| Pennsylvania | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | Rep | Rep | |
| Utah | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | |
| Vermont | Dem | Rep | Pro | Dem | Dem | Dem | Rep | Dem | Dem | Dem | |
| Washington | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | Rep | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | |
| West Virginia | Rep | Rep | Rep
(Secretary of State) |
Rep | Dem | Rep | Rep | Rep
(Secretary of State) |
Rep | Rep | |
See also
Notes
- ^ a b The 2020 Senate elections left both parties with 50 Senate seats, leaving the Vice President of the United States to break ties. Republicans retained control of the chamber until January 20, 2021, when Vice President Kamala Harris and senators Alex Padilla, Jon Ossoff, and Raphael Warnock were sworn in.
- ^ 48 states allocate all of their electoral votes to the winner of the statewide vote, while two states, Maine and Nebraska, allocate two electoral votes to the winner of the statewide vote and allocate the remaining votes to the winner of each congressional district.
- ^ Under federal law, individuals do not become official candidates for president until they raise and report at least $5000 for their campaign, and not all of the individuals who listed themselves as candidates reached this threshold.[47]
- ^ 2 Independents not up
- ^ The results of one 2018 race, the 2018 North Carolina's 9th congressional district election, were declared void due to voting irregularities.
- ^ a b Some or all of the legislative chambers not holding regularly-scheduled elections in 2020 may nonetheless hold special elections in 2020.
- ^ The upper houses of Alaska, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Hawaii, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming held elections for half of the seats in the chamber. The North Dakota House of Representatives is the only lower house in which only half of the seats were up for election. The Illinois Senate held elections for one-third of the seats in the chamber.[77]
- ^ This column reflects the individual who won a plurality of the state's popular vote in the 2020 presidential election.
- ^ Republicans won a majority of seats in the state house, but they will continue organizing under a coalition caucus in the next session of the Alaska legislature.[228]
- ^ a b One of Maine's senators, Susan Collins, is a Republican. The other senator from Maine, Angus King, is an independent who has caucused with the Democrats since taking office in 2013.
- ^ Three of Maine's four electoral votes were called for Biden, while the remaining electoral vote was called for Trump.
- ^ Four of Nebraska's electoral votes were called for Trump, while one of its electoral votes was called for Biden.
- ^ a b One of Vermont's senators, Patrick Leahy, is a Democrat. The other senator from Vermont, Bernie Sanders, was elected as an independent and has caucused with the Democrats since taking office in 2007.
- ^ Prior to the 2020 Senate elections, the Democratic Senate caucus consisted of 45 Democrats and two independents.
- ^ a b c d e f Washington, D.C., does not elect a governor or state legislature, but it does elect a mayor and a city council.
- ^ a b Although elections for governor of American Samoa are non-partisan, Governor Lolo Matalasi Moliga has affiliated with the Democratic Party at the national level since re-election in 2016.
- ^ Although elections for governor of American Samoa are non-partisan, Governor Lemanu Peleti Mauga affiliates with the Democratic Party at the national level.
- ^ Although Guam does not have a vote in the Electoral College, the territory has held a presidential advisory vote for every presidential election since 1980.
- ^ a b The Northern Mariana Islands' delegate to Congress, Gregorio Sablan, was elected as an Independent and has caucused with the Democrats since taking office in 2009.
- ^ Republicans hold a nominal majority in the Northern Mariana Islands House of Representatives with nine seats and Democrats with eight seats; however, one independent caucuses with the Republicans and two with the Democrats, leaving the House split 10–10. One Republican crossed party lines to elect Democrat-aligned Independent Edmund Villagomez as Speaker of the House.[229] With five seats, Republicans maintained control of the Northern Mariana Islands Senate where a Democrat won one seat in 2020 and independents hold the remaining three seats.
- ^ Puerto Rican Governor Wanda Vázquez Garced, who became governor after Pedro Pierluisi's succession of Ricardo Rosselló was deemed unconstitutional, is a member of the Puerto Rican New Progressive Party, but affiliates with the Republican Party at the national level.
- ^ a b Puerto Rico's Resident Commissioner, Jenniffer González, was elected as a member of the New Progressive Party and has caucused with the Republicans since taking office in 2017.
- ^ Puerto Rican Governor-elect Pedro Pierluisi is a member of the Puerto Rican New Progressive Party, but affiliates with the Democratic Party at the national level.
- ^ Partisan seat figures were compiled in August 2020.
- ^ The Alaska House of Representatives is controlled by a coalition of Democrats, Republicans, and independents. The minority caucus consists of Republicans who are not part of the majority coalition.
- ^ a b c d Nebraska has a unicameral, officially non-partisan legislature. For this reason, Nebraska is not included in the overall tallies of partisan control (except for governor) and the overall control column is labeled as "N/A".
- ^ Republicans controlled the lower house in 29 states, Democrats controlled the lower house in 20 states, and one state, Alaska, had a lower house controlled by a coalition.
- ^ Republicans held a trifecta in 20 states, Democrats held a trifecta in 15 states, and 14 states had a divided government.
- ^ Although elections for governor of American Samoa are non-partisan, Governor Lolo Matalasi Moliga has affiliated with the Democratic Party at the national level since re-election in 2016. He is counted as a Democrat for the overall tally.
- ^ Puerto Rican Governor Wanda Vázquez Garced is a member of the Puerto Rican New Progressive Party and affiliates with the Republican Party at the national level. She is counted as a Republican in the overall tally.
- ^ a b The upper house tally includes the unicameral legislatures of Washington, D.C., Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
References
- ^ "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 3, 2020". U.S. House of Reps, Office of the Clerk. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
- ^ a b Enten, Harry (January 10, 2021). "How Trump led Republicans to historic losses". CNN. Archived from the original on January 14, 2021. Retrieved February 3, 2021.
- ^ Liasson, Mara (January 15, 2021). "Examining The Fault Lines Of The Republican Party". National Public Radio (NPR). Archived from the original on February 20, 2021. Retrieved February 3, 2021.
- ^ "McConnell-led Republicans hold steady against Trump concession". Politico. November 9, 2020. Archived from the original on November 10, 2020. Retrieved November 10, 2020.
- ^ Cochrane, Emily; Fandos, Nicholas (November 9, 2020). "Declining to recognize Biden's victory, McConnell says Trump is '100 percent' entitled to challenge it". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 10, 2020. Retrieved November 10, 2020.
- ^ Barrett, Ted; Raju, Manu; Foran, Clare (November 5, 2020). "Top Republicans defend Trump on baseless voter fraud claims as concerns grow in the ranks". CNN. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 10, 2020.
- ^ Election Infrastructure Government Coordinating Council (November 12, 2020). "Joint Statement from Elections Infrastructure Government Coordinating Council & the Election Infrastructure Sector Coordinating Executive Committees". CISA. Retrieved June 9, 2022.
- ^ Fung, Brian (January 8, 2021). "Twitter bans President Trump permanently". CNN. Archived from the original on January 12, 2021. Retrieved June 5, 2021.
- ^ "Facebook says Donald Trump to remain banned for two years, effective from Jan. 7". CNBC. June 4, 2021.
- ^ "Snapchat permanently bans Trump". Politico. January 13, 2021.
- ^ Bleiker, Carla (October 22, 2020). "US presidential election: The top 5 issues". DW. Archived from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
- ^ "What virus? At GOP's convention, pandemic is largely ignored". ABC News. Archived from the original on November 7, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
- ^ "Trump ends Covid budget stimulus relief talks". BBC News. October 7, 2020. Archived from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
- ^ Vazquez, Maegan; Mattingly, Phil; Klein, Betsy (October 15, 2020). "McConnell nixes Trump 'big' stimulus proposal". CNN. Archived from the original on October 24, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
- ^ Brewster, Jack. "19 States Still Don't Mandate Masks. 18 Are Run By Republican Governors". Forbes. Archived from the original on October 31, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
- ^ Restuccia, Andrew (October 2, 2020). "Trump and His Aides Have Long Played Down Importance of Face Masks, Distancing". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on October 30, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
- ^ Mills, Doug; Schaff, Erin (October 29, 2020). "As Trump Exaggerates Virus Progress and Mocks Masks, Biden Vows to 'Let Science Drive Our Decisions'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on October 29, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
- ^ Vigdor, Neil (August 26, 2020). "Masks and social distancing are mostly absent from Republican convention events". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on September 7, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
- ^ "RNC 2020: The Republican Party now the Party of Trump". BBC News. August 26, 2020. Archived from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
- ^ Moore, Elena (October 16, 2020). "Trump's And Biden's Plans For Health Care". NPR.org. Archived from the original on November 2, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
- ^ a b Hawryluk, Markian (August 28, 2020). "Opposition to Obamacare Becomes Political Liability for GOP Incumbents". Kaiser Health News. Archived from the original on October 31, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
- ^ "What Obamacare? Republican candidates go mum on health care law". NBC News. September 12, 2020. Archived from the original on October 30, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
- ^ Moore, Elena (October 16, 2020). "Trump's And Biden's Plans For The Environment". NPR.org. Archived from the original on October 30, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
- ^ Moore, Elena (October 16, 2020). "Trump's And Biden's Plans For Criminal Justice". NPR.org. Archived from the original on October 30, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
- ^ Burns, Alexander (October 24, 2020). "Joe Biden Had Close Ties With Police Leaders. Will They Help Him Now?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on October 31, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
- ^ a b Herndon, Astead W. (October 26, 2020). "Democrats in Many Races Are Moderates. Republicans Cast Them as Radicals". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on October 31, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
- ^ Zerofsky, Elisabeth (October 24, 2020). "Will Trump's "Law and Order" Message Work in Wisconsin?". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
- ^ "GOP convention spins alternate reality with torrent of falsehoods aimed at rebooting Trump's flagging campaign". The Washington Post. 2020. Archived from the original on October 28, 2020.
- ^ "Trump and allies ratchet up disinformation efforts in late stage of campaign". The Washington Post. 2020. Archived from the original on October 28, 2020.
- ^ Glasser, Susan B. (October 29, 2020). "Denialism, Dishonesty, Deflection: The Final Days of the Trump Campaign Have It All". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on October 30, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
- ^ Rutenberg, Jim (September 30, 2020). "How Trump's 'Voter Fraud' Lie Is Disenfranchising Americans". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
- ^ Mestel, Spenser; Levine, Sam (October 26, 2020). "'Just like propaganda': the three men enabling Trump's voter fraud lies". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on October 30, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
- ^ Leonhardt, David (October 28, 2020). "The Fight Over Voting". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on October 31, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
- ^ Schmidt, Michael S.; Corasaniti, Nick (September 25, 2020). "Justice Dept. Aids Trump's False Narrative on Voting". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on October 31, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
- ^ "US election: Trump won't commit to peaceful transfer of power". BBC News Online. September 24, 2020. Archived from the original on September 27, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
- ^ "Republicans publicly silent, privately disgusted by Trump's election threats". Politico. November 3, 2020. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
- ^ Siders, David; Kumar, Anita; Cadelago, Christopher (November 7, 2020). "Biden wins". Politico. Archived from the original on November 7, 2020. Retrieved November 7, 2020.
- ^ Riechmann, Deb (November 8, 2020). "What's next? Saturday's election verdict isn't last step". Associated Press. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
- ^ Gearan, Anne; DeBonis, Mike (January 8, 2021). "Calls intensify to remove Trump from office even as he acknowledges 'a new administration'". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 28, 2021. Retrieved January 8, 2021.
- ^ Coleman, J. Miles (November 19, 2020). "Wisconsin: Decisive Again In 2020". Center For Politics. Archived from the original on December 8, 2020. Retrieved December 9, 2020.
- ^ a b Chinni, Dante (December 20, 2020). "Did Biden win by a little or a lot? The answer is ... yes". NBC News. Archived from the original on May 10, 2022. Retrieved May 10, 2022.
- ^ Isenstadt, Alex (February 16, 2020). "Trump drives massive turnout in primaries despite token opposition". Politico. Archived from the original on August 20, 2020. Retrieved July 19, 2020.
- ^ Borenstein, Seth; Colvin, Jill (March 17, 2020). "Trump clinches GOP nomination with Tuesday primary wins". Associated Press. Archived from the original on March 18, 2020. Retrieved July 19, 2020.
- ^ Morin, Rebecca (June 5, 2020). "Joe Biden passes delegate threshold to clinch Democratic presidential nomination". USA Today. Archived from the original on September 1, 2020. Retrieved July 19, 2020.
- ^ Leatherby, Lauren; Almukhtar, Sarah (June 9, 2020). "Democratic Delegate Count and Primary Election Results 2020". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 15, 2020. Retrieved July 19, 2020.
- ^ "Kanye West election: How many votes did he get?". BBC News. No. November 6, 2020. Archived from the original on November 7, 2020. Retrieved November 7, 2020.
- ^ See Federal Election Commission Archived November 5, 2020, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Peter, Josh (November 5, 2020). "Joe Biden will become the oldest president in American history, a title previously held by Ronald Reagan". USA Today. Archived from the original on November 7, 2020. Retrieved November 7, 2020.
- ^ Lerer, Lisa; Ember, Sydney (November 7, 2020). "Kamala Harris Makes History as First Woman and Woman of Color as Vice President". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 7, 2020. Retrieved November 7, 2020.
- ^ Crump, James (November 7, 2020). "How many US presidents have lost a second term? All the one-term presidents". The Independent. Archived from the original on November 7, 2020. Retrieved November 7, 2020.
- ^ Brockell, Gillian (November 7, 2020). "Trump just joined history's club of one-term presidents, rejected by the Americans they led". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 19, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
- ^ MacGuill, Dan (November 9, 2020). "Was Trump First US President To Lose Popular Vote, Get Impeached, Then Lose Reelection?". Snopes. Archived from the original on October 31, 2021. Retrieved March 13, 2021.
- ^ Blake, Aaron (January 6, 2021). "Trump set to be first president since 1932 to lose reelection, the House and the Senate". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on February 17, 2021. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
- ^ Blake, Aaron (November 12, 2020). "Biden got the highest percentage of eligible voters in about half a century". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved January 8, 2021.
- ^ Silver, Nate (November 7, 2020). "Biden Wins — Pretty Convincingly In The End". FiveThirtyEight. Archived from the original on November 7, 2020. Retrieved November 7, 2020.
- ^ Desiderio, Andrew (January 6, 2021). "Democrats retake the Senate with Georgia sweep". Politico. Archived from the original on January 20, 2021. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
- ^ Mascaro, Lisa (January 21, 2021). "Senate confirms Biden 1st Cabinet pick as Democrats control". Associated Press. Archived from the original on February 8, 2021. Retrieved January 21, 2021.
- ^ "US Election 2020: Democrats' hopes of gaining control of Senate fade". BBC News. November 6, 2020. Archived from the original on November 7, 2020. Retrieved November 7, 2020.
- ^ Wasserman, David (December 18, 2020). "Five Takeaways From Our 2020 House Forecast — and Three Resolutions for 2021 and Beyond". The Cook Political Report. Archived from the original on February 4, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
- ^ Galston, William A. (December 21, 2020). "Why did House Democrats underperform compared to Joe Biden?". Brookings. Archived from the original on February 16, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
- ^ O'Keefe, Ed; Kaplan, Rebecca (October 28, 2019). "Katie Hill, California congresswoman, resigns amid allegations of affairs with staff". CBS News. New York. Archived from the original on October 28, 2019. Retrieved October 29, 2019.
- ^ "California's 25th Congressional District, 2020". Ballotpedia. Archived from the original on August 27, 2020. Retrieved October 29, 2019.
- ^ Stracqualursi, Veronica (July 19, 2020). "What happens to John Lewis' vacant US House seat in Georgia". CNN. Archived from the original on September 8, 2020. Retrieved July 19, 2020.
- ^ Perrett, Connor. "How Democrats plan to find a replacement for John Lewis on November's ballot by Monday". Business Insider. Archived from the original on October 6, 2020. Retrieved July 19, 2020.
- ^ "The process of replacing Rep. John Lewis in the US House". 11Alive.com. July 18, 2020. Retrieved July 19, 2020.
- ^ "Partisan Voting Index – Districts of the 115th Congress" (PDF). The Cook Political Report. April 7, 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 7, 2017. Retrieved April 7, 2017.
- ^ Barker, Jeff (October 17, 2019). "U.S. Rep. Elijah Cummings, longtime advocate for Baltimore and civil rights and key figure in Trump impeachment inquiry, dies at 68". The Baltimore Sun. Baltimore, Maryland. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
- ^ "Maryland's 7th Congressional District". Ballotpedia. Archived from the original on August 8, 2019. Retrieved October 22, 2019.
- ^ McKinley, Jesse (June 24, 2020). "Republicans Retain House Seat in Special Election in Western N.Y." The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved July 19, 2020.
- ^ Merle, Renae; DeBonis, Mike (September 30, 2019). "Republican Rep. Chris Collins resigns House seat ahead of guilty plea to insider-trading charges". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on August 20, 2020. Retrieved September 30, 2019.
- ^ "New York's 27th Congressional District". Ballotpedia. Archived from the original on July 20, 2020. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
- ^ Brufke, Juliegrace (August 26, 2019). "GOP Rep. Sean Duffy resigning from Congress". The Hill. Washington, D.C. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved August 28, 2019.
- ^ Vetterkind, Riley (August 27, 2019). "Congressman Sean Duffy to resign in September, cites family reasons". Wisconsin State Journal. Madison, Wisconsin. Archived from the original on September 13, 2020. Retrieved August 28, 2019.
- ^ "Wisconsin's 7th Congressional District". Ballotpedia. Archived from the original on July 20, 2020. Retrieved September 11, 2019.
- ^ Lazo, Alejandro (November 4, 2020). "GOP Congressman Wins Montana's Heated Governor's Race". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on November 5, 2020. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
- ^ Coto, DáNica. "Pedro Pierluisi wins gubernatorial race in Puerto Rico". News 95.7. Halifax, Nova Scotia. Archived from the original on November 17, 2020. Retrieved December 12, 2020.
- ^ a b "2020 Legislative Races by State and Legislative Chamber". National Conference of State Legislatures. Archived from the original on July 20, 2020. Retrieved July 20, 2020.
- ^ Berman, Russell (November 10, 2020). "The Failure That Could Haunt Democrats for a Decade". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on February 3, 2021. Retrieved November 20, 2020.
- ^ a b Rakich, Nathaniel; Mejia, Elaine (November 18, 2020). "Republicans Won Almost Every Election Where Redistricting Was At Stake". FiveThirtyEight. Archived from the original on February 9, 2021. Retrieved November 20, 2020.
- ^ McCausland, Phil (November 13, 2020). "Democrats gear up to fight gerrymandering after state House losses". NBC News. Archived from the original on February 16, 2021. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
- ^ Quinton, Sophie; Povich, Elaine S. (November 9, 2018). "So Much Changed in Statehouses This Week. Here's What It All Means". Stateline. The Pew Charitable Trusts. Archived from the original on November 16, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
- ^ Rabinowitz, Kate; Still, Ashlyn. "Democrats are dominating state-level races". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 15, 2019. Retrieved November 17, 2019.
- ^ Panetta, Grace (April 16, 2020). "The coronavirus crisis is drastically changing the battle for state legislatures and could completely reshape who controls Congress". Business Insider. Archived from the original on July 20, 2020. Retrieved July 20, 2020.
- ^ "Attorney General elections, 2020". Ballotpedia. Archived from the original on November 11, 2018. Retrieved March 29, 2021.
- ^ O'Connor, Cozen (2020). "Guide to State Attorneys General". The State AG Report. Archived from the original on February 24, 2016. Retrieved March 29, 2021.
- ^ "Secretary of State elections, 2020". Ballotpedia. Retrieved May 4, 2024.
- ^ Oregonian/OregonLive, Hillary Borrud | The (November 4, 2020). "Oregon secretary of state's race: Shemia Fagan defeats Kim Thatcher". oregonlive. Retrieved May 4, 2024.
- ^ a b "State executive official elections, 2020". Ballotpedia. Retrieved May 4, 2024.
- ^ "2020 ballot measures". Ballotpedia. August 2, 2020. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 3, 2020.
- ^ "Local police-related ballot measures following the killing of and protests about George Floyd". Ballotpedia. Archived from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved October 27, 2020.
- ^ Abdiel Santiago, Alexander Kustov and Ali A. Valenzuela, Puerto Ricans voted to become the 51st U.S. state — again Archived November 16, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, The Washington Post (November 13, 2020).
- ^ Cristina Corujo, Puerto Rico votes in favor of statehood. But what does it mean for the island? Archived November 16, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, ABC News (November 8, 2020).
- ^ a b c Thomas Fuller, Oregon Decriminalizes Small Amounts of Heroin and Cocaine; Four States Legalize Marijuana Archived November 15, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times (November 4, 2020).
- ^ Lizzy Acker, Oregon becomes first state to legalize psychedelic mushrooms Archived November 15, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, The Oregonian/OregonLive (November 4, 2020).
- ^ Blair Miller, Colorado voters approve Amendment 76, which tweaks constitution to say 'only a citizen' may vote Archived November 17, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, KMGH-TV (November 4, 2020).
- ^ Andrew Krietz, Florida voters agree to change the state constitution to say 'only a citizen' can vote Archived November 19, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, WTSP (November 2, 2020).
- ^ John Few, Alabamians vote 'yes' on constitution clean-up bill, 4 others Archived November 15, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, The Madison County Record (November 4, 2020).
- ^ Laurel Wamsley, The Presidency Often Hinges On A Handful Of States. Some Have Made A Popular Vote Pact Archived November 16, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, NPR (November 6, 2020).
- ^ Dezenski, Lauren (November 5, 2020). "Rhode Island voters approve removing 'Plantations' from state's official name over concerns about the word's history". CNN. Archived from the original on November 7, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
- ^ Jill Cowan, Making Sense of the California Voter Archived November 17, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times (November 5, 2020).
- ^ Alexander Nieves, California voters reject affirmative action measure despite summer of activism Archived November 17, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, Politico (November 4, 2020).
- ^ Suhauna Hussain, Johana Bhuiyan & Ryan Menezes, How Uber and Lyft persuaded California to vote their way Archived November 15, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, Los Angeles Times (November 13, 2020).
- ^ Sara Ashley O'Brien, After $200 million California brawl, Uber and Lyft's gig worker fight is far from over Archived November 15, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, CNN Business (November 15, 2020).
- ^ Prop. 25, which would have abolished California's cash bail system, is rejected by voters Archived November 16, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, Los Angeles times (November 3, 2020).
- ^ a b Jay Reeves, 5 states OK measures eradicating racist language, symbols Archived November 9, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, Associated Press (November 8, 2020).
- ^ Bracey Harris, For Black students, Mississippi's new state flag means end of a 'Confederate relic' Archived November 15, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, NBC News (November 7, 2020).
- ^ JP Keenan, Cristina Corujo, Jason Potere & Meredith Deliso, How Missourians did an end-around their conservative legislature to expand Medicaid Archived November 16, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, ABC News (October 22, 2020).
- ^ Alex Smith, Missouri Voters Approve Medicaid Expansion Despite Resistance From Republican Leaders Archived November 15, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, NPR (August 5, 2020).
- ^ a b Summer Ballentine, Missouri approves Medicaid expansion; Parson, Galloway win Archived October 3, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, Associated Press (August 5, 2020).
- ^ a b Alex Ebert, Michigan Passes Warrant Requirement for Electronic Data Searches Archived November 7, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, Bloomberg Government (November 4, 2020).
- ^ Michigan Election Results Archived November 16, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times (2020).
- ^ Dominique Maria Bonessi, Maryland Overwhelmingly Votes To Legalize Sports Betting at Stadiums And Casinos Archived November 16, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, WAMU (November 6, 2020).
- ^ Kaelan Deese, Utah, Nebraska voters approve measures stripping slavery language from state constitutions Archived November 17, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, The Hill (November 4, 2020).
- ^ Patty Wight, Vaccine Exemptions Defeated In Maine, A New Law Dividing Parents Is Upheld Archived November 17, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, NPR (March 3, 2020).
- ^ "2020 GENERAL ELECTION Election Summary Report November 3, 2020 UNOFFICIAL RESULTS". elections.alaska.gov. November 15, 2020. Archived from the original on November 14, 2020. Retrieved November 15, 2020.
- ^ "Alaska Ballot Measure 2, Top-Four Ranked-Choice Voting and Campaign Finance Laws Initiative (2020)". Ballotpedia. November 15, 2020. Archived from the original on November 13, 2020. Retrieved November 15, 2020.
- ^ Kenneson, Andrew (November 16, 2020). "Ballot Measure 2 holds slim lead". Kodiak Daily Mirror. Archived from the original on November 19, 2020. Retrieved November 16, 2020.
- ^ Kichenman, Andrew (November 17, 2020). "Alaska will have a new election system: Voters pass Ballot Measure 2". KTOO. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
- ^ Sara Swann, Bids for open primaries falling short in both Florida and Alaska Archived November 17, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, Fulcrum (November 4, 2020).
- ^ Grace Panetta, Rob Price & Madison Hall, Results: Florida voters have rejected Amendment 3, which would enact top 2 primaries Archived November 2, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, Business Insider (November 5, 2020).
- ^ Saraya Wintersmith, Massachusetts Voters Reject Ranked-Choice Voting Measure In Question 2 Archived November 13, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, WGBH (November 4, 2020).
- ^ a b Massachusetts Election Results Archived November 16, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times (November 2020).
- ^ Adi Robertson, Massachusetts passes 'right to repair' law to open up car data Archived November 13, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, The Verge (November 4, 2020).
- ^ Matthew Gault, Newly Passed Right-to-Repair Law Will Fundamentally Change Tesla Repair Archived November 16, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, Vice (November 10, 2020).
- ^ Samuel D. Brunson, How to make income taxes fairer in Illinois — even after the demise of the 'Fair Tax' Archived November 17, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, Chicago Sun-Times (November 10, 2020).
- ^ Amanda Vinicky, Illinois Voters Reject 'Fair Tax' Amendment Archived November 10, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, WTTW (November 4, 2020).
- ^ Georgia Election Results Archived November 16, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times (November 2020).
- ^ "Georgia Dedicating Tax and Fee Revenue Amendment (2020)". Ballotpedia. Archived from the original on October 3, 2020. Retrieved September 24, 2020.
- ^ "Georgia Allow Residents to Seek Declaratory Relief from Certain Laws Amendment (2020)". Ballotpedia. Archived from the original on October 4, 2020. Retrieved September 24, 2020.
- ^ "Georgia Property Tax Exemption for Certain Charities Measure (2020)". Ballotpedia. Archived from the original on November 2, 2020. Retrieved September 24, 2020.
- ^ Florida Amendment 4 Election Results: Require Amendments to Be Approved Twice Archived November 11, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, New York Times (2020).
- ^ North Dakota Measure 2 Election Results: Reform Amendment Process Archived February 21, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, New York Times (2020).
- ^ Kaitlin Barger, Issue 3, which would've changed process for ballot measures, fails Archived November 4, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, KATV (November 4, 2020).
- ^ Sam Levine, 'It's a killer. We're done': Covid-19 puts ballot initiatives in peril Archived February 2, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, The Guardian (April 16, 2020).
- ^ Sarlin, Benjy (August 26, 2014). "Forget 2016: Democrats already have a plan for 2020". MSNBC. Archived from the original on October 28, 2015. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
- ^ Lieb, David A. (May 26, 2020). "Parties Target Control of State Legislatures, Redistricting". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on July 20, 2020. Retrieved July 19, 2020.
- ^ Klein, Charlotte (November 24, 2020). "New York Democrats Gain Veto-Proof Majority in State Senate". New York Intelligencer. Archived from the original on February 5, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2020.
- ^ Mayer, Steven (March 4, 2020). "Goh secures victory in mayor's race". The Californian. Bakersfield, California. Archived from the original on March 5, 2020. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
- ^ Karnes, Bea (November 3, 2020). "Fremont Mayor Lily Mei Holds Commanding Lead: Election Results". Patch. Fremont, California. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
- ^ Clift, Theresa (March 3, 2020). "Sacramento Mayor Darrell Steinberg easily re-elected to second term". The Sacramento Bee. Archived from the original on March 4, 2020. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
- ^ Jones, Terry L. (December 5, 2020). "Sharon Weston Broome re-elected Baton Rouge mayor: 'We have so much left to do.'". The Advocate. Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Archived from the original on December 20, 2020. Retrieved December 6, 2020.
- ^ a b c d e Feld, Lowell (May 20, 2020). "Results from "Virginia's First 'Social Distancing' Election"". Blue Virginia. Archived from the original on July 7, 2020. Retrieved July 7, 2020.
- ^ Hipolit, Melissa (November 4, 2020). "Levar Stoney, it appears, will be re-elected Richmond mayor". WTVR-TV CBS 6 News. Richmond, Virginia. Archived from the original on November 4, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
- ^ Skelton, Alissa; Parker, Stacy. "Virginia Beach mayor, four council incumbents win re-election". The Virginian-Pilot. Norfolk, Virginia. Archived from the original on November 10, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
- ^ Fifield, Jen (August 4, 2020). "Glendale Mayor Jerry Weiers and council to serve 4 more years, if election results hold". Arizona Republic. Archived from the original on November 19, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
- ^ Walsh, Jim (August 9, 2020). "Giles on reelection: a chance to make Mesa better". The Mesa Tribune. Tempe, Arizona. Archived from the original on November 19, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
- ^ a b c Fifield, Jen; Longhi, Lorraine; Steinbach, Alison (November 4, 2020). "Voters reelect Kate Gallego in Phoenix and 2 new mayors in Scottsdale and Gilbert". Arizona Republic. Phoenix, Arizona. Archived from the original on November 19, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
- ^ Bahari, Sarah (November 4, 2020). "Irving voters reelect mayor, reject ex-superintendent who abruptly resigned in 2018". The Dallas Morning News. Dallas, Texas. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
- ^ Self-Walbrick, Sarah (November 4, 2020). "Lubbock mayoral race sees sharp increase in voter turnout". Texas Tech Public Media KTTZ-FM. Lubbock, Texas. Archived from the original on November 4, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
- ^ Dirr, Alison (April 13, 2020). "Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett easily wins reelection in race against Lena Taylor". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Archived from the original on April 14, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.
- ^ "Election Results for 4/7/2020 | Kenosha County, WI - Official Website". www.kenoshacounty.org. Retrieved July 15, 2024.
- ^ Ellis, Rebecca (November 3, 2020). "Portland Mayor Ted Wheeler wins second term". Oregon Public Broadcasting. Portland, Oregon. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
- ^ McKellar, Katie (November 3, 2020). "Wilson takes strong lead to stay Salt Lake County mayor". Deseret News. Salt Lake City, Utah. Archived from the original on November 4, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
- ^ Kuang, Jeanne (September 16, 2020). "Wilmington Mayor Mike Purzycki reelected; Congo defeats Shabazz for council president". Delaware News Journal. Wilmington, Delaware. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
- ^ Vickers, Talitha; McKenith, DaVonté. "'I am very honored': Winston-Salem mayor reflects on election win". WXII-TV. Winston-Salem, North Carolina. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
- ^ Rosado, Ileanexis Vera (November 3, 2020). "Alcalde de Bayamón seguro de revalidar por un quinto término consecutivo" [Mayor of Bayamón certain to return for a fifth consecutive term]. El Vocero (in Spanish). San Juan, Puerto Rico. Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
- ^ Tomas, Jojo Santo (November 4, 2020). "Mayors win re-election bids, school board gets new faces, CCU unchanged". Pacific Daily News. Hagåtña, Guam. Archived from the original on November 19, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
- ^ "Election results: G.T. Bynum wins a second term as the Tulsa mayor; 3 city councilors win, 3 go to runoff". Tulsa World. Tulsa, Oklahoma. August 26, 2020. Archived from the original on August 31, 2020. Retrieved August 30, 2020.
- ^ Lawrenece White, D'Ann (March 16, 2020). "Election 2020: Hibbard Declared Mayor Of Clearwater". Patch. Clearwater, Florida. Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
- ^ Hanks, Douglas; Wieder, Ben (November 4, 2020). "How Biden helped Democrats win the Miami-Dade mayoral race, and reset county politics". Miami Herald. Miami, Florida. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
- ^ Sheehan, Tim (March 11, 2020). "Jerry Dyer will be Fresno's next mayor". The Fresno Bee. Archived from the original on May 8, 2020. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
- ^ Downey, David (November 4, 2020). "Lock Dawson holds big lead over Melendrez in Riverside mayoral election". The Press-Enterprise. Riverside, California. Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
- ^ Garrick, David (November 9, 2020). "Bry concedes San Diego mayor's race to Gloria". The San Diego Union-Tribune. San Diego, California. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
- ^ Pho, Brandon; Custodio, Spencer; Gerda, Nick; Elattar, Hosam; Biesiada, Noah (November 10, 2020). "Republicans and Democrats Move to Finalize Wins, OC Remains Purple As of Latest Election Results". Voice of OC. Santa Ana, California. Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
- ^ "After decisive win in race for Honolulu mayor, Blangiardi pledges to hit the ground running". Hawaii News Now. Honolulu, Hawaiʻi. November 3, 2020. Archived from the original on November 10, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
- ^ "Miguel Romero recoge sus rótulos de campaña" [Miguel Romero collects his campaign signs]. Metro (in Spanish). San Juan, Puerto Rico. November 8, 2020. Archived from the original on November 27, 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
- ^ Lucas, Tramon (November 5, 2020). "Brandon Scott wins race to become Baltimore's 52nd mayor". WBAL-TV 11. Baltimore, Maryland. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
- ^ Richman, Talia; Opilo, Emily (June 9, 2020). "Baltimore's Democratic voters nominate Scott for mayor in narrow primary victory over former officeholder Dixon". The Baltimore Sun. Baltimore, Maryland. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved July 6, 2020.
- ^ Nuttle, Matthew (November 17, 2020). "Michael Tubbs concedes Stockton mayoral race to Kevin Lincoln". KXTV-TV ABC 10. Sacramento, California. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
- ^ Crow, Kirsten (December 15, 2020). "Community votes for change: Guajardo to take reins as mayor in January". Corpus Christi Caller Times. Corpus Christi, Texas. Archived from the original on December 16, 2020. Retrieved December 16, 2020.
- ^ Kriel, Lomi (December 13, 2020). "El Paso Mayor Dee Margo loses reelection bid to Oscar Leeser". The Texas Tribune. Archived from the original on January 25, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2020.
- ^ Galioto, Katie (November 5, 2020). "Ely candidate who quit mayor's race gets election night surprise". Start Tribune. Minneapolis, Minnesota. Archived from the original on November 11, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
- ^ Page, Sydney (November 9, 2020). "After a tight race, a French bulldog was elected mayor of this small Kentucky town". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C. Archived from the original on November 14, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
- ^ "Political recall efforts, 2020". Ballotpedia. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
- ^ a b Ayanna Alexander, Voters Back More Police Oversight After George Floyd's Death (1) Archived November 11, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, Bloomberg Government (November 5, 2020).
- ^ a b "General Election 2020 - Election Night Unofficial Results". District of Columbia Board of Elections. Archived from the original on November 4, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
- ^ Stelmakowich, Angela (September 4, 2020). "Voters in Washington, D.C. seem poised to green light effort to decriminalize psychedelics". Regina Leader-Post. Regina, Saskatchewan. Archived from the original on September 13, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020.
- ^ Alexei Koseff, California would decriminalize psychedelic drugs under Scott Wiener bill Archived November 11, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, San Francisco Chronicle (November 10, 2020).
- ^ District of Columbia Election Results Archived November 11, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times (2020).
- ^ "President Burnette: Ft. McDowell election results". The Fountain Hills Times. Fountain Hills, Arizona. January 22, 2020. Archived from the original on February 17, 2020. Retrieved February 17, 2020.
- ^ "Incumbents returned to office in Sault Tribe election" (PDF). Win Awenen Nisitotung. Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan. July 1, 2020. p. 1. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 2, 2020. Retrieved July 2, 2020.
- ^ a b "Oneida Nation general election results in, Tehassi Hill re-elected as Chairman". Green Bay, Wisconsin: WBAY-TV. July 26, 2020. Archived from the original on July 28, 2020. Retrieved August 3, 2020.
- ^ "2020 General Election Results" (PDF). Nett Lake, Minnesota: Bois Forte General Election Board. August 18, 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 13, 2020. Retrieved September 2, 2002.
- ^ "2020 Wichita Executive Committee Election Results". Wichita Election Commission. July 18, 2020. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved November 1, 2020.
- ^ "Sitka Tribe of Alaska releases election returns". Sitka, Alaska: KCAW-FM. November 12, 2020. Archived from the original on January 27, 2021. Retrieved November 30, 2020.
- ^ "Election Results for the Tribal Council Positions" (PDF). CLUSI Election Board. April 11, 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 19, 2020. Retrieved July 2, 2020.
- ^ "Facebook". The Atmore Advance. August 2, 2020. Archived from the original on November 19, 2020. Retrieved August 3, 2020.
- ^ "UKB Council reprimands Bunch at meeting". Cherokee Phoenix. Tahlequah, Oklahoma. January 8, 2020. Archived from the original on November 6, 2020. Retrieved October 31, 2020.
- ^ Zionts, Arielle (November 3, 2020). "Former state lawmaker challenging Julian Bear Runner in Oglala Sioux presidential election". Rapid City Journal. Rapid City, South Dakota. Archived from the original on November 4, 2020. Retrieved November 4, 2020.
- ^ Abourezk, Kevin (September 15, 2020). "Oglala Sioux president survives impeachment vote after being accused of inappropriate sexual contact". Rapid City Journal. Rapid City, South Dakota. Archived from the original on September 21, 2020. Retrieved October 31, 2020.
- ^ Zionts, Arielle (November 5, 2020). "Killer ousts Bear Runner with almost 70% of the vote". Rapid City Journal. Rapid City, South Dakota. Archived from the original on November 6, 2020. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
- ^ "Crow Tribe elects new chair to replace Not Afraid". Billings, Montana: KTVQ-TV Q2 News. November 8, 2020. Archived from the original on November 10, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
- ^ "Official Election Results". Squaxin Island Tribe Election Committee. July 25, 2020. Archived from the original on November 19, 2020. Retrieved August 3, 2020.
- ^ Ellis, Dale (August 2, 2020). "New leader elected to Quapaw Nation". Arkansas Democrat Gazette. Little Rock, Arkansas. Archived from the original on September 13, 2020. Retrieved August 3, 2020.
- ^ "Apache Tribe of Oklahoma election results". The Lawton Constitution. Lawton, Oklahoma. June 29, 2020. Archived from the original on September 13, 2020. Retrieved August 5, 2020.
- ^ "Certification of 2020 Pawnee Business Council Special Election". Pawnee Nation Election Commission. June 29, 2020. Archived from the original on August 7, 2020. Retrieved August 3, 2020.
- ^ "2020 Re-Call Election # 2 OFFICIAL Result". Pawnee Nation Election Commission. April 16, 2020. Archived from the original on August 7, 2020. Retrieved August 3, 2020.
- ^ Adler, Erin (January 22, 2020). "Shakopee tribe elects Anderson as chairman to replace Vig". Star Tribune. Minneapolis, Minnesota. Archived from the original on February 16, 2020. Retrieved February 17, 2020.
- ^ Duoos, Kayla (June 10, 2020). "Official Certified 2020 Primary Election Results". Leech Lake News. Cass Lake, Minnesota. Archived from the original on July 14, 2020. Retrieved July 14, 2020.
- ^ Bowe, Nathan (June 10, 2020). "White Earth Chairman Fairbanks re-elected; Tibbetts and Jackson to face off for council seat". Detroit Lakes Tribune. Detroit Lakes, Minnesota. Archived from the original on July 17, 2020. Retrieved July 14, 2020.
- ^ Larsen, Brian (June 12, 2020). "Robert (Bobby) Deschampe To Be The New Grand Portage Tribal Council Chairperson". The Cook County News Herald. Grand Marais, Minnesota. Archived from the original on July 14, 2020. Retrieved July 14, 2020.
- ^ Hamby, Paul (November 5, 2020). "Women will be majority of Northern Cheyenne council following election". Ravalli Republic. Hamilton, Montana. Archived from the original on December 10, 2020. Retrieved November 29, 2020.
- ^ Gross, Stephen (March 11, 2020). "Oglala Sioux Tribe Approves Medical, Recreational Marijuana". U.S. News & World Report. Washington, D.C. Archived from the original on July 16, 2020. Retrieved July 14, 2020.
- ^ Butler, Andrew (October 16, 2020). "Yurok election: Ray wins third term, cannabis measure passes". The Times-Standard. Eureka, California. Archived from the original on November 19, 2020. Retrieved October 31, 2020.
- ^ Corasaniti, Nick; Saul, Stephanie (March 20, 2020). "2020 Democratic Primary Election: Voting Postponed in 7 States Because of Virus". The New York Times. New York City, New York. Archived from the original on April 5, 2020. Retrieved March 20, 2020.
- ^ a b "Political responses to the coronavirus pandemic, 2020". Ballotpedia. Archived from the original on March 27, 2020. Retrieved March 25, 2020.
- ^ Orr, Gabby; Thompson, Alex (August 18, 2020). "Battle of the virtual conventions: How the GOP team is studying the Democrats' show". Politico. Archived from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved October 27, 2020.
- ^ Fessler, Pam (March 24, 2020). "As Coronavirus Delays Primary Season, States Weigh Expanding Absentee Voting". Morning Edition. Washington, D.C.: NPR. Archived from the original on March 24, 2020. Retrieved March 25, 2020.
- ^ "Trump to hold Election Night party in White House with up to 400 guests, report says". The Independent. Archived from the original on November 2, 2020. Retrieved November 1, 2020.
- ^ Haberman, Maggie (October 30, 2020). "Trump remakes his election night plans". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 2, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
- ^ a b Mayes, Brittany Renee; Rabinowitz, Kate (October 22, 2020). "Early-voting numbers: U.S. has hit record early turnout". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 26, 2020. Retrieved October 27, 2020.
- ^ Smith, Allan (October 26, 2020). "Early voting could hit record-smashing 100 million by Election Day". NBC News. Archived from the original on October 26, 2020. Retrieved October 27, 2020.
- ^ Wasserman, Dave (November 3, 2020). "Beware the 'blue mirage' and the 'red mirage' on election night". NBC News. Archived from the original on November 3, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
- ^ Lauter, David; Hook, Janet (November 4, 2020). "Americans broke a 120-year-old turnout record — and are more divided than ever". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved November 7, 2020.
- ^ Corasiniti, Nick; Rutenberg, Jim (December 5, 2020). "Republicans Pushed to Restrict Voting. Millions of Americans Pushed Back". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 16, 2020. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
- ^ Riccardi, Nicholas (November 8, 2020). "Referendum on Trump shatters turnout records". Associated Press. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved November 10, 2020.
- ^ Wahba, Phil (November 4, 2020). "This nail-biter election generated the highest U.S. voter turnout rate in 120 years". Fortune. Archived from the original on November 10, 2020. Retrieved November 10, 2020.
- ^ "Faith in Elections in Relatively Short Supply in U.S." Gallup. February 13, 2020. Archived from the original on September 26, 2020. Retrieved September 27, 2020.
- ^ Doherty, Carroll (October 7, 2020). "Voters anxiously approach an unusual election – and its potentially uncertain aftermath". Fact Tank. Pew Research Center. Archived from the original on October 24, 2020. Retrieved October 26, 2020.
- ^ a b King, Ledyard (October 7, 2020). "'The country's lost its mind': Polls warning of civil war, violence shows deep partisan chasm over election". USA Today. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved October 26, 2020.
- ^ "College Students, Voting and the COVID-19 Election". College Pulse & Knight Foundation. September 2020. Archived from the original on September 27, 2020. Retrieved September 27, 2020.
- ^ a b Klepper, David (October 21, 2020). "AP-NORC/USAFacts poll: Many in US distrust campaign info". Associated Press. Archived from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved October 26, 2020.
- ^ Mitchell, Amy; Jurkowitz, Mark; Oliphant, J. Baxter; Shearer, Elisa (October 19, 2020). "Interest in election news increases, with most Americans feeling worn out by the volume of coverage". Pew Research Center. Archived from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved October 26, 2020.
- ^ Milbank, Dana (September 25, 2020). "This is not a drill. The Reichstag is burning". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on September 26, 2020. Retrieved September 26, 2020.
- ^ Jacobson, Gary C. (2021). "Driven to Extremes: Donald Trump's Extraordinary Impact on the 2020 Elections". Presidential Studies Quarterly. 51 (3): 492–521. doi:10.1111/psq.12724. ISSN 1741-5705. S2CID 236248844. Archived from the original on June 8, 2021. Retrieved June 8, 2021.
- ^ a b Coleman, Miles. "2016 State PVI Changes". Decision Desk HQ. Archived from the original on October 14, 2017. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
- ^ "2020 State & Legislative Partisan Composition" (PDF). National Conference of State Legislatures. August 1, 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 13, 2020. Retrieved August 16, 2020.
- ^ Brooks, James (November 19, 2020). "Alaska House remains split as new Arctic lawmaker says he will stick with fellow Bush legislators". Anchorage Daily News. Archived from the original on December 4, 2020. Retrieved November 20, 2020.
- ^ "Democrats take control of CNMI House of Representatives". Radio New Zealand. Auckland, New Zealand. January 14, 2021. Archived from the original on February 16, 2021. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
- ^ "Population, Population Change, and Estimated Components of Population Change: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2019 (NST-EST2019-alldata)". Census.gov. United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on January 26, 2020. Retrieved February 8, 2020.
- ^ "2020 State & Legislative Partisan Composition" (PDF). National Conference of State Legislatures. August 1, 2020. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 13, 2020. Retrieved August 16, 2020.
Further reading
- Astor, Maggie (September 25, 2020), "'A Failed System': What It's Like to Vote With a Disability During a Pandemic", The New York Times
- Marks, Joseph (September 28, 2020), "Here are five big things election experts are really worried about", The Washington Post
- "American democracy: The spreading scourge of voter suppression", The Economist, UK, October 10, 2020
- "US sees record-breaking early voting numbers", BBC News, UK, October 16, 2020
- Thompson, Stuart A. (October 19, 2020), "How Could Your Ballot Be Rejected? Let Us Count the Ways", The New York Times,
Pay attention to these five things when you vote
- Payne, Christopher (October 26, 2020), "20,000 Ballots an Hour, With Paper and Ink by the Ton", The New York Times. (Photos depicting printing of paper ballots)
External links
- "State Elections Legislation Database", Ncsl.org, Washington, D.C.: National Conference of State Legislatures,
State legislation related to the administration of elections introduced in 2011 through this year, 2020
- Government Documents Round Table of the American Library Association, Voting & Elections Toolkits,
Reference guides for each state
- McDonald, Michael P., "2020 General Election Early Vote Statistics", U.S. Elections Project,
Detailed state statistics