2022 Kherson counteroffensive
A military counteroffensive was launched by Ukraine on 29 August 2022 to expel Russian forces occupying the southern regions of Kherson and Mykolaiv oblasts.
Military analysts consider the counteroffensive to be the third strategic phase of the war in Ukraine, along with the concurrent eastern counteroffensive, after the initial invasion[broken anchor] and the battle of Donbas.[25]
After many strikes against Russian military targets, Ukraine announced the start of a full-scale counteroffensive on 29 August 2022.[26] On 9 October, Ukraine said it recaptured 1,170 square kilometers of land.[27] On 9 November, Russian troops were ordered to withdraw from Kherson, the only regional capital captured since the start of the invasion.[28] Ukrainian forces liberated the city of Kherson two days later, on 11 November.[29]
Background
Russian offensive
During the 2022 southern Ukraine offensive, Russian troops invaded the Kherson, Zaporizhzhia, and Mykolaiv Oblasts. In the early days of the war, Russian troops captured several cities in southern Ukraine, including Melitopol and Kherson,[30][user-generated source?][31] pushing Ukrainian troops back to the city of Mykolaiv. The Russian forces originally aimed towards capturing the major port city of Odesa from the southeast, but were forced back following their defeat at the battle of Voznesensk, and ultimately only succeeded in occupying a small part of Mykolaiv Oblast, notably including the town of Snihurivka.[32][33] In Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Russian troops pushed north and successfully defeated Ukrainian servicemen at the Battle of Enerhodar, thus seizing the city and the adjacent Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant, the largest nuclear plant in continental Europe.[34] Russian forces also pushed east, reaching the Donetsk/Zaporizhzhia administrative borders, thereby creating a land bridge connecting Crimea with the Russian mainland.[citation needed]
Russian occupation
Russian forces began an occupation of Kherson Oblast on 2 March,[35] and the occupation authorities immediately began to consolidate their control over these territories. The authorities reportedly erected a statue of Vladimir Lenin in the town square, introduced Russian curriculum to the local school system,[36] rerouted internet servers to Russia,[37] issued Russian passports,[38] and began circulating the Russian ruble.[39] There were also widespread allegations of Russian authorities abducting hundreds of Ukrainian civilians across occupied territories.[40][41] By early July, Russia controlled 95% of Kherson Oblast, 70% of Zaporizhzhia Oblast and 10% of Mykolaiv Oblast.[42]
Annexation
In late May, Russian government officials acknowledged plans to annex all three oblasts and were reportedly setting conditions on occupied territory within Zaporizhzhia.[43] A referendum was reportedly planned by Russian occupation authorities in the region for late 2022 to annex Kherson and Zaporizhzhia oblasts, while the occupied parts of the Mykolaiv Oblast would be included in the Kherson MSA,[44] but officials soon moved the date forwards to autumn[45][46] amid fears of being set back by the Ukrainian Army, according to U.K. intelligence officials.[47][citation needed] These referendums were held from 23 to 27 September,[48] with Russia officially annexing Donetsk, Luhansk, Zaporizhzhia and Kherson Oblasts about a week later on 5 October.[49] Western governments denounced the referendums as illegitimate and refused to recognize its results, and their illegitimacy was later confirmed with the adoption of United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/4.[50]
Ukrainian counterattacks
By 11 March the Russian offensive had stalled on numerous fronts within Mykolaiv Oblast, prompting gradual retreat by the end of the month.[51] By the end of March, eleven settlements in the northern portion of the Kherson Oblast had been recaptured by the Ukrainian military's 60th Brigade, including Novovorontsovka, Krasnivka , Kniazivka , and Kochubeivka .[52] In April, Ukrainian authorities said they had pushed the enemy southwards to the border with Kherson Oblast.[53]
In late May, Ukraine launched minor attacks on the border between Zaporizhzhia and Donetsk Oblasts.[54]
By 1 June, the Institute for the Study of War had assessed that Ukrainian counterattacks in Kherson Oblast had successfully disrupted Russian ground lines of communication along the Inhulets river.[55] Throughout June, small parts of northwestern Kherson and northern Zaporizhzhia oblasts were regained by Ukrainian forces, with fierce fighting around Davydiv Brid. However, the main line of Russian defenses did not retreat as initially planned.[56] Before 9 July, Ukraine had conducted numerous small counterattacks on Russian forces, pushing them into defensive positions.[57] By 25 July, the region's military governor claimed that Ukraine had retaken 44 towns and villages, or 15 percent of the region's territory.[58]
Partisan warfare
There were numerous reports of partisan warfare within the occupied territories. In the city of Melitopol, Ukrainian resistance leaders claimed to have killed 100 Russian soldiers by 5 June.[59] In Kherson, Ukrainian sources claimed that resistance fighters bombed a café frequented by Russian troops, killing Russian collaborators and destroying Russian military infrastructure.[60][unreliable source?] Assassination attempts and bombings have also been carried out on collaborators.[61] On 30 August, shootouts and explosions were recorded in the city, which Russian officials attributed to "spies and saboteurs".[62]
Prelude
Ukrainian officials first hinted at a large-scale military offensive in mid-to-late June, saying that "visible results" should be expected from Ukrainian counteroffensives by August 2022.[63] A Ukrainian general stated on 15 June that if Ukraine were supplied sufficient weapons, it would be able to mount a massive counteroffensive by the summer.[64]
On 5 July, Ukraine launched a major bombing campaign against Russian outposts in Melitopol, reportedly killing 200 soldiers.[65] On 7 July, Ukraine retook Snake Island,[66] affording Ukraine access to valuable sea channels and grain export lanes.[67][68]
Meanwhile, Russia tried to strengthen its hold on Kherson and Zaporizhzhia Oblasts. Russia stated that babies born in Kherson Oblast would automatically receive Russian citizenship, implying that Kherson was a part of the Russian Federation.[69]
Speculation of counteroffensive
In the morning of 9 July, Ukrainian government authorities began to urge residents of Kherson and Zaporizhzhia Oblasts to evacuate from their homes due to an impending Ukrainian counteroffensive.[70] Residents of occupied Kherson in particular were urged to create shelters to "survive the Ukrainian counteroffensive".[71] Iryna Vereshchuk, Ukrainian deputy prime minister and Minister of Reintegration of Temporarily Occupied Territories, warned of intense fighting and shelling in the upcoming days, claiming that the "ZSU is coming".[72][73]
On 9 July, Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy ordered the Ukrainian military, including elements of Operational Command South, to retake occupied territory.[74][75] On the same day, Ukrainian Minister of Defense Oleksii Reznikov stated that Ukraine was amassing a million-strong fighting force for the offensive.[76] Later, Reznikov said that there was a misunderstanding during his interview, and that 1 million is the total manpower of the Ukrainian "security and defense sector". He also denied that there was a "specific offensive operation".[77]
On 24 July, Serhii Khlan, a Kherson region official, stated that "the Kherson region will definitely be liberated by September, and all the occupiers' plans will fail".[78]
Writing a few months later in The Atlantic, military historian Phillips O'Brien remarked that it was unusual for a side to openly signal an intended offensive. He suggested that by encouraging the Russians to bring soldiers to the western side of the Dnieper and then attacking the bridges, it was creating a trap for them.[79]
Early engagements
In early July, the Ukrainian army engaged in minor skirmishes with Russian forces. On 11 July, the Ukrainian army reported that it had recaptured the village of Ivanivka in Kherson Oblast.[80] Ukrainian troops struck Nova Kakhovka, a Russian command post in Kherson city, with HIMARS missiles, and claimed it killed 12 officers and a Russian major general.[81][82] By the afternoon, Ukrainian authorities claimed that Russian forces were transferring equipment to the left bank of the Dnieper, creating roadblocks within Kherson city in preparation for street battles.[83] Ukrainian authorities urged civilians in Zaporizhzhia Oblast to evacuate, suggesting that a major counteroffensive was soon to come.[84] On 13 July, the head of the Kherson regional military administration claimed that Ukraine launched counterattacks along the entire Mykolaiv–Kherson–Zaporizhzhia front line.[85]
Ukrainian forces destroyed a Russian ammunition depot in Radensk (approximately 26 km (16 mi) southeast of Kherson City) and unspecified Russian positions in Nova Kakhovka. Ukraine continued to strike Russian targets and approach towards Kherson over the next week.[86]
Preparation phase and initial offensive announcements
According to a 24 July statement by Kherson Region official Serhii Khlan, Ukrainian attacks damaging Antonivka Road Bridge[87] and another key bridge, and attacks on Russian ammunition stores and command posts, were preparatory actions for the offensive.[78] A day earlier, Khlan stated that Ukrainian forces had retaken several villages in Kherson Oblast, but that the Ukrainian authorities requested civilians not to publish information on the progress of the campaign prior to official statements.[88] On 26 July, Antonivka Road Bridge was hit again by a Ukrainian HIMARS missile strike. The bridge remained structurally intact while the bridge's roadway surface was damaged.[89]
On 27 July 2022, Ukrainian forces stated that they had retaken control of the villages of Lozove and Andriivka, both on the eastern side of the Inhulets river, in Beryslav Raion in Kherson Oblast.[90] In the next months, Ukrainian forces launched a series of limited ground attacks as well as several air and rocket attacks on Russian targets in southern Ukraine.[91][92][93] On 9 August, explosions heavily damaged the Russian airbase at Novofedorivka, Crimea. An anonymous Western official stated that the explosions, possibly caused by a Ukrainian attack, had "put more than half of [the Russian] Black Sea fleet's naval aviation combat jets out of use".[93]
Though these Ukrainian attacks were met with some success, they did not cripple Russian defenses in the south or achieve a breakthrough. On 10 August, an unnamed Ukrainian military official told Politico that the counteroffensive had begun in earnest on 9 August.[91][94] However, Al Jazeera argued that both sides had seemingly fought each other to a standstill, with a major Ukrainian offensive not materializing.[91]
Preceding Russian offensive in the south
On 20 August, Russian forces launched a minor offensive in southern Ukraine, with Ukrainian sources admitting that Russian forces had advanced and made gains in the towns of Blahodatne and Vasylky in Mykolaiv Oblast.[95][96] On August 22, Russian forces achieved some success east of the city of Mykolaiv and in northwestern Kherson Oblast, driving Ukrainian forces 36 km from the front line to the north and 28 km deep into the territory of Mykolaiv Oblast with two objectives, to force a westward direction towards the city Mykolaiv or in a northerly direction towards the Dnipropetrovsk Oblast with the intention of capturing the city of Kryvyi Rih, which hosts a strong Ukrainian troop concentration, and from where a counter-offensive on Kherson, Melitopol, Enerhodar, Berdyansk and Crimea is planned. On the same day, Russian forces took control of Blahodatne about 45 km east of the town of Mykolaiv and a 12 square kilometer zone of control.[97]
On August 23, the Russian Ministry of Defense announced that Russian forces had advanced northwest of Oleksandrivka, approximately 38 km west of the city of Kherson, and had reached the administrative border of Kherson–Mykolaiv Oblast. Ukrainian troops retaliated with artillery strikes on the site of the Russian 247th Airborne Regiment of the 7th Guards Air Assault Division and the ammunition depot in Chornobaivka. The same day, Russian forces continued air and artillery strikes on Dnipropetrovsk, Kryvyi Rih, and Mykolaiv with Uragan rockets.[98]
From 24 to 25 August, the Russian forces continued their attacks but made no further progress.[99][100] On 27 August, Russian and Ukrainian forces clashed at Potomkyne in northwestern Kherson Oblast; both sides claimed that they had repelled an attack. Meanwhile, Russia and Ukraine continued to conduct air strikes in the area, with Ukraine's Southern Operational Command claiming successful hits on three river crossings (Antonivka and Darivka bridges, and the Kakhovka Hydroelectric Power Plant) and two Russian battalion tactical groups.[101]
The Institute for the Study of War has credited the Ukrainian southern offensive with allowing the Kharkiv offensive to be so successful. Writing: "Kyiv's long discussion and then an announcement of a counter-offensive operation aimed at Kherson Oblast drew substantial Russian troops away from the sectors on which Ukrainian forces have conducted decisive attacks in the past several days".[102]
Counteroffensive
August
On 29 August, Zelenskyy announced the start of a full-scale counteroffensive to retake Russian-occupied territory in the south, a claim that was corroborated by the Ukrainian parliament as well as Operational Command South.[103][104][105][1][10]
At the start of the operation, the Ukrainian operational group "Kakhovka" and some Ukrainian officials claimed that their forces had broken through defensive lines manned by the 109th DPR Regiment and Russian paratroopers.[1] The 109th DPR Regiment was a conscript unit which was known to serve on garrison duty in the Kherson area.[10] Ukrainian officials also claimed that they had hit and destroyed a large Russian base in the area[106] amid a general increase of Ukrainian air and artillery bombardments of Russian positions.[10] The authorities in occupied Kherson called these claims "fake" and "an illusion",[107] but also announced a workplace evacuation from Nova Kakhova following Ukrainian missile strikes.[108] Locals reported heavy fighting across the Kherson frontline, while electrical networks temporarily failed and evacuations of civilians took place.[106] An NPR journalist in the area confirmed the increased intensity of combat and that more Ukrainian forces were moving to the frontline.[109] The Ukrainian government and military largely refused to talk about territorial changes on the offensive's first day, though anonymous Ukrainian officials, Western journalists and a number of Russian milbloggers reported that Ukrainian troops had captured several settlements north and northwest of Kherson, at a bridgehead across the Inhulets River, as well as south of the Kherson–Dnipropetrovsk Oblast border.[10] Among these were the villages of Sukhyi Stavok,[10] Novodmytrivka,[a] Arkhanhelske, Tomyna Balka and Pravdyne.[2] The Ukrainians also attacked Russian pontoon ferries on the Dnipro River.[16]
By 30 August, Russia was beginning to direct large numbers of troops and equipment to the Kherson frontline to counter the Ukrainian offensive. Meanwhile, Ukraine intensified its attacks on Russian concentration points, ammunition depots, bridges and other targets. In Kherson city, there were reports of fighting between Ukrainian partisans and pro-Russian security forces. Russian milbloggers claimed that battles were ongoing at Myrne , Soldatske and Snihurivka, Ukraine had retaken Ternovi Pody, but been repelled at Pravdyne and Oleksandrivka.[16] According to Pantelis Boubouras, Greece's honorary consul in Kherson, the Ukrainians had relatively easily broken the Russian first line of defense near Kherson city, but had encountered much stiffer resistance at the Russian second line of defense in the area. By 31 August, this second line was the main focus of combat, with Boubouras stating that local sources had informed that both sides were suffering heavy losses. However, a Russian milblogger reported that Ukrainians were making progress toward Vysokopillia further north, though the overall situation at the northern frontline remained unclear.[110][111] Milbloggers also claimed that the Russians had been able to stabilize the frontline at Oleksandrivka as well as Blahodatne, but had failed when attempting to retake Myrne. Ukrainian advances were also reported at Ternovi Pody and Lyubomyrivka.[111] Later that day, Ukrainian sources claimed that four small villages had already been retaken, though Ukrainian soldiers also stated their opinion that this operation was not a large counteroffensive but rather a localized operation. Ukrainian Presidential Advisor Oleksiy Arestovych cautioned that the offensive was going to be a "slow operation to grind the enemy", not a quick and massive campaign.[112][113][114]
September
From 1 to 2 September, Russian milbloggers reported further Ukrainian advances, but also a series of successful Russian counter-attacks. Many villages were reportedly contested.[115][116] On 2 September, a day of mourning was declared by Ukrainian authorities in Zakarpattia Oblast, after the heavy losses suffered by the native 128th Mountain Assault Brigade during the opening days of the offensive.[117][118] On 3 September, the British Ministry of Defence said that Ukrainian forces had made three main lines of attack in Kherson Oblast, and had a military advantage of tactical surprise as a result of Russian commanders' mistakes and Russian logistical problems. Ukrainian forces destroyed Russian pontoon bridges. There was gunfire near the centre of Kherson city.[119][120] On the same day, Russian milbloggers claimed that Ukrainian troops had captured the village of Blahodativka and withdrawn from a few positions near Sukhyi Stavok.[121]
On 4 September, president Zelenskyy announced the liberation of two villages in Kherson Oblast and one in Donetsk Oblast. Ukrainian authorities released a photo showing the raising of the Ukrainian flag in Vysokopillia by Ukrainian forces.[122][123][124][125] On 6 September, Ukraine started a second offensive in the Kharkiv area, where it achieved a rapid breakthrough. Meanwhile, Ukrainian attacks also continued along the southern frontline, though reports about territorial changes were largely unverifiable.[126]
On 9 September, the Ukrainians claimed that the Russian 247th Guards Air Assault Regiment, composed of 1,500 soldiers, no longer existed, with their troops either being killed or wounded. Documents later captured during the liberation of Kherson in November revealed that the overwhelming majority of these losses were deaths.[127][128][129]
On 12 September, President Zelenskyy said that Ukrainian forces have retaken a total of 6,000 km2 from Russia, in both the south and the east. The BBC stated that it could not verify these claims.[130] Also on that day, the Ukrainians claimed that the 2,500-strong Russian 810th Guards Naval Infantry Brigade had suffered more than 85 percent casualties during the offensive, and that the remaining 15 percent had refused to fight.[131][132]
On 13 September, that Russian forces had withdrawn from Kyselivka, a settlement 15 km from Kherson.[133][134] On the same day, the Russia-backed deputy head of the Kherson Region posted a video from the outskirts of the settlement in which he claimed that Ukrainian troops have not been able to enter it.[135] The mayor of Melitopol reported that Russian forces were abandoning the city and were moving to Russian-held Crimea.[136] Ukraine also claimed to have retaken Oleksandrivka on 13 September.[137] A local official claimed that Ukraine has retaken Kyselivka, but this was unable to be confirmed by September 14.[138] In order to slow down the Ukrainian advance, Russian forces blew up a dam at the Inhulets river, flooding parts of the frontline.[9]
By 24 September, U.S. officials assessed that the Russian situation at the Kherson frontline was deteriorating, with the local troops suffering from poor morale and largely cut off from supply lines due to the loss of bridges across the Dnipro River. Russian military commanders had reportedly requested to retreat to more defensible positions, but President Putin had intervened and forbidden any retreat which would give up Kherson city.[9]
On 27 September, Ukrainian officials claimed that a phone intercept from Kherson revealed that an unidentified Russian regiment was reduced from 2,000 soldiers to 50.[139]
October
On 2 October, just two days after Russia's annexation of Kherson along with the Zaporizhzhia, Luhansk and Donetsk regions, and a day after Ukrainian forces recaptured the strategic Lyman railway junction in the Donetsk region, Ukrainian forces started the counteroffensive along the line from Arkhanhelske to Osokorivka in the Kherson region south of the Kherson–Dnipropetrovsk border. They moved south along the west bank of the Dnieper and retook Zolota Balka[140] as well as Mykhailivka[141] and advanced further south to the next target, Dudchany.[142] Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky announced that Ukrainian forces liberated Myrolyubivka (23 km northwest of Kherson City) and Arkhanhelske on the Inhulets River south of the Kherson–Dnipropetrovsk Oblast border.[18] The installed Russian head of the Kherson region, Volodymyr Saldo, said that "in that region there was a breakthrough" and called the situation "tense".[143]
By 3 October, the Russian army was being enveloped in northern Kherson Oblast, with Ukrainian troops trying to reach Beryslav. Ukrainian forces continued to advance south in the direction of Nova Kakhovka, and geolocated footage showed that they liberated Mykhailivka, Havrylivka and Novooleksandrivka along the T0403. Social media footage and Russian milblogger discourse also indicated that Ukrainian forces made advances west of the T0403 highway, liberating Khreshchenivka on 1 October. Russian sources also reported that Ukrainian forces liberated settlements on the Lyubomyrivka–Biliaivka–Novoolesandrivka line.[18] The offensive continued southwards with towns of Davydiv Brid, Velyka Oleksandrivka and Dudchany reported as liberated 4 October.[144][145] On 5 October, the pro-Russian deputy head of the Kherson region, Kirill Stremousov, stated that Russian forces were "regrouping" in order to "strike back" at Ukrainian troops; he added that the Ukrainian advance had been "halted" and therefore it was "not possible" for the AFU to break through to the city of Kherson.[146] The same day, Russian officers were reported as withdrawing from Snihurivka while some troops remained. The Ukrainian side was seeking confirmation.[147]
By 4 October, as confirmed by Institute for the Study of War (ISW), several Russian and Ukrainian sources reported that Ukrainian forces captured Davydiv Brid, Mala Oleksandrivka , Velyka Oleksandrivka, Novodmytrivka , Starosilia , Dudchany on the shore of the Kakhovka Reservoir, Chereshneve , Novovoskresenske , Maiske, Kherson Oblast , Petropavlivka, Tryfonivka, Novovasylivka , Chervone , Novohryhorivka , Nova Kamianka , Piatykhatky , Sablukivka and Kachkarivka after Russian forces abandoned them to avoid encirclement on 4 October.[19] A total area of 2,400 square kilometers in the south of Ukraine had been liberated since the beginning of the war.[148] Ukrainian forces reached the village of Novopetrivka .[149] Novovasylivka, Novohryhorivka, Nova Kamianka, Tryfonivka and Chervone in the Beryslav Raion were officially under the control of Ukrainian forces as late as 12 October.[150][151] Also on 4 October, the Ukrainians had claimed to have "degraded, if not destroyed" the 2,000 troop-strong 126th Coastal Defence Brigade, which they had routed two days earlier. Later, on 13 October, personnel from the brigade asserted that they had been "crushed" by the Ukrainians, and complained that they had one BTR for 80 people, which had restricted their mobility.[152][153]
On 13 October, the Russian government announced evacuation of the civilian population in the city of Kherson, after a request by the Russia-installed head of Kherson Oblast Volodymyr Saldo.[154]
On 15 October, a major Ukrainian counteroffensive resumed on the northern Kherson front in the direction of Dudchany, Mylove and Sukhanove .[155] On 18 October, General Sergei Surovikin, the new commander of Russian forces in Ukraine, said in Russian TV that the defence of Kherson was "not easy" and that “The enemy continually attempts to attack the positions of Russian troops.”[156] Michael Clarke projected that the Ukrainians were engaged in a Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses (SEAD) operation over Kherson Oblast.[157]
On 22 October Russian occupation authorities urged residents in the city of Kherson to "leave immediately" citing what they called the tense military situation.[158]
In late October 2022, Ramzan Kadyrov acknowledged the deaths of 23 Kadyrovites and the injury of 58 others in a rare announcement acknowledging casualties. He announced that they had been killed in Kherson by Ukrainian artillery attacks in the region.[159] In late October, Ukrainian Chief of Intelligence Maj. Gen. Kyrylo Budanov said that at least 40,000 Russian forces were present on Kherson including Naval Infantry, Special forces and VDV Airborne troops.[22]
November
On 9 November, Ukrainian forces were close to entering Snihurivka;[160] Russia announced the withdrawal of its troops from Kherson and the right bank of the Dnieper.[161][162][163]
On 10 November, a video emerged appearing to show the Ukrainian flag flying in Snihurivka.[164] Ukrainian forces had also regained control of Kyselivka, fifteen kilometers northwest of Kherson.[165] On the same day, Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine Valerii Zaluzhnyi stated that Ukrainian forces had taken back 41 settlements in the Kherson direction since 1 October.[166]
On 11 November, Ukrainian troops entered the city of Kherson.[167][168][169] The troops were met by crowds chanting "Slava Ukraini!" and "ZSU!" (Zbroini syly Ukrainy, Armed Forces of Ukraine).[170][171]
Aftermath
After the recapture of Kherson, Ukraine continued offensive military operations in the area. On 12 November, a video allegedly showed Ukrainian special forces crossing the Dnieper–Bug estuary in speedboats and attacking Russian forces stationed on the Kinburn Peninsula.[172] On the same day, the Russian occupation authorities announced that they were preparing to leave the town of Nova Kakhovka, located on the east bank of the Dnieper River.[173] The following day, Russian media reported that 20 Ukrainian "saboteurs" from the country's armed forces and four vessels had been destroyed in an attempt to land in Pokrovske on the Kinburn Peninsula.[174]
On 13 November, the administration of the Kherson Oblast called on Kherson residents and residents of other recently liberated areas on the right bank of the Dnieper to evacuate to safer parts of the country due to fears that Russian forces could "begin fighting against the civilian population".[175] During Zelenskyy's speech in Kherson on 14 November, the NOS described the situation on the ground as "a sort of unspoken ceasefire", and that "both belligerents had taken a kind of break and were not extensively shooting at each other". Russian forces were still close by on the eastern river bank, and Kherson city continued to face medicine shortages, and heavily damaged communications, water supply, heating and electricity networks.[176]
According to Ukraine’s Operational Command South, on 15 November Ukrainian rocket and artillery units attacked Russian positions on the left bank of the Dnieper River and in the area of the Kinburn Spit.[177][178]
Throughout the course of Ukraine's counteroffensive, they had liberated the island of Ostriv Velykyi Potomkin in November. On 9 December, some Ukrainian officials, including presidential advisor Oleksii Arestovych and Lieutenant Colonel Konstiantyn Mashovets, and some unofficial Russian sources, claimed that Russian forces, specifically the 80th Arctic Motor Rifle Brigade, 25th Spetsnaz Regiment, and 4th BARS Special Combat Army Reserve, had re-occupied the island following a successful amphibious operation.[179][180][181][182] However, this was contested by Serhii Khlan, advisor to the governor of Kherson, who stated that Russia did not have any presence on the island.[183] Contradicting Khlan, the General Staff of the Ukrainian Armed Forces claimed on 15 December that Russia had begun forcibly deporting civilians from Ostriv Velykyi Potomkin, indicating that Russian forces controlled the island.[184]
Analysis
On 10 September 2022, Taras Berezovets stated that the southern counteroffensive had been part of a "disinformation campaign" to distract Russia from the real counteroffensive being prepared in the Kharkiv oblast.[185] The Institute for the Study of War analyzed that Russian forces began moving equipment from the eastern frontlines to those in the south in order to prepare for the impending counteroffensive.[186] Thus, Russian frontlines in Kharkiv oblast were left relatively unprotected to Ukrainian advances.[citation needed]
On 24 September 2022, The New York Times reported that Ukrainian commanders and servicemen acknowledged suffering heavy losses during the Kherson offensive, mostly caused by lack of ammunition, strong Russian defenses and the role of Russian artillery.[187] Casualties in one Ukrainian battalion were so high its units' members were replaced three times.[188] Ukrainian colonel Vadym Sukharevsky credited part of Ukraine's victory in Kherson to the artillery systems, guided munitions and long-range rocket launchers sent by Western partner countries for an article by The Washington Post.[189]
Following the liberation of Kherson, the Institute for the Study of War argued that "Russia's withdrawal from Kherson City is igniting an ideological fracture between pro-war figures and Russian President Vladimir Putin, eroding confidence in Putin's commitment and ability to deliver his war promises", noting criticism toward the Russian government from nationalist figures such as Aleksandr Dugin, Igor "Strelkov" Girkin and the Wagner Group; the ISW also noted how "Russian military leadership is trying and largely failing to integrate combat forces drawn from many different organizations and of many different types and levels of skill and equipment into a more cohesive fighting force in Ukraine", especially noting the lack of organization of military forces coming from Donetsk People's Republic and Luhansk People's Republic.[190]
See also
- 2022 Kharkiv counteroffensive
- 2022-2023 Crimea attacks
- 2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive
- Battle of Kherson
- Battle of Melitopol
- Battle of Mykolaiv
- Liberation of Kherson
- Russian occupation of Kherson Oblast
- Russian occupation of Mykolaiv Oblast
- Russian occupation of Zaporizhzhia Oblast
- List of invasions in the 21st century
Notes
- ^ It is not known if this refers to the village of Novodmytrivka in Beryslav Raion, Kherson Oblast, or to Novodymitrivka in Kherson Raion, Kherson Oblast; both villages were at the frontline at the time.
References
- ^ a b c d e "Ukrainian Counteroffensive Underway in Kherson Region". Kyiv Post. 29 August 2022. Archived from the original on 2 September 2022. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
- ^ a b c "Ukrainian troops took back 4 villages in the south from Russian occupation, military source tells CNN". CNN. 29 August 2022. Archived from the original on 29 August 2022. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
- ^ "Zelenskyy Hails Kherson Victory, Cautions Vigilance". 12 November 2022. Archived from the original on 14 November 2022. Retrieved 14 November 2022.
- ^ "Ukraine war: Celebrations as Kyiv takes back key city Kherson". BBC. 11 November 2022. Archived from the original on 13 November 2022. Retrieved 12 November 2022.
- ^ "RUSSIAN OFFENSIVE CAMPAIGN ASSESSMENT, NOVEMBER 13". Archived from the original on 14 November 2022. Retrieved 14 November 2022.
- ^ Zafra, Javier Galán, Mariano (10 November 2022). "The Ukraine war in maps | Kherson retreat largest withdrawal of Russian troops since Kyiv". EL PAÍS English Edition. Archived from the original on 14 November 2022. Retrieved 14 November 2022.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Davidzon, Vladislav (1 August 2022). "The Commander of the Southern Front Lives to Fight Another Day". Tablet Magazine. Archived from the original on 7 October 2022. Retrieved 7 October 2022.
- ^ Isabelle Khurshudyan; Paul Sonne; Kamila Hrabchuk (5 October 2022). "A more strategic Russian retreat signals long fight ahead in Kherson". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 6 October 2022. Retrieved 6 October 2022.
- ^ a b c Julian E. Barnes; Helene Cooper; Eric Schmitt; Michael Schwirtz (23 September 2022). "As Russian Losses Mount in Ukraine, Putin Gets More Involved in War Strategy". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 24 September 2022. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f "Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, August 29". Institute for the Study of War. 29 August 2022. Archived from the original on 3 September 2022. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
- ^ a b c d e "UAF Gain Ground in Kherson and Donbas Sectors, Dozens of RF Armored Vehicles Claimed Destroyed". Kyiv Post. 5 September 2022. Archived from the original on 12 September 2022. Retrieved 6 October 2022.
- ^ a b c d e David Axe (4 October 2022). "Rivers At Their Backs And Ukrainian Brigades Closing In, A Lot Of Russian Troops Might Need To Learn To Swim". Forbes. Archived from the original on 6 October 2022. Retrieved 6 October 2022.
- ^ Paul Kirby (5 October 2022). "Ukraine regains Kherson villages from Russians". BBC. Archived from the original on 5 October 2022. Retrieved 6 October 2022.
- ^ "Ukraine retakes more territory in southern Kherson region". PBS. 3 October 2022. Archived from the original on 6 October 2022. Retrieved 6 October 2022.
- ^ "Нардепка Яна Зінкевич стала заступником командувача УДА - Новини Києва | Big Kyiv". Великий Київ (in Ukrainian). 19 April 2022. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
- ^ a b c "Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, August 30". Institute for the Study of War. 30 August 2022. Archived from the original on 4 September 2022. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
- ^ "Ichkerian Battalion Fighters Liberate Village Of Arkhangelske In Kherson Region". Archived from the original on 3 September 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
- ^ a b c "RUSSIAN OFFENSIVE CAMPAIGN ASSESSMENT, OCTOBER 3". Institute for the Study of War. Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
- ^ a b "Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, October 4". Institute for the Study of War. 4 October 2022. Archived from the original on 11 October 2022. Retrieved 7 October 2022.
- ^ "Ukraine Is Attacking Everywhere". Forbes. Archived from the original on 29 April 2023.
- ^ "Ukraine starts a push to recapture Kherson, a crucial Russian-occupied city". The Economist. Archived from the original on 30 August 2022. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
- ^ a b "Ukraine Situation Report: Another Week, Another Fired Russian General". The Drive. 29 October 2022. Archived from the original on 29 October 2022. Retrieved 29 October 2022.
- ^ a b "Shoigu orders withdrawal of troops across Dnieper River". 9 November 2022. Archived from the original on 18 November 2022. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
- ^ "Day 224, October 5. Summary of Arestovych and Feygin daily broadcast". 5 October 2022. Archived from the original on 6 October 2022. Retrieved 6 October 2022.
- ^ Lawler, Dave (29 August 2022). "Ukraine launches long-awaited counteroffensive to retake Russian-occupied Kherson". Axios. Archived from the original on 31 August 2022. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
- ^ "Russia-Ukraine war live: Russian defence minister sidelined by Putin and 'ridiculed' for 'ineffectual' leadership, says UK". the Guardian. 29 August 2022. Archived from the original on 31 August 2022. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
- ^ "Ukraine says it recaptured 1,200 sq km of Kherson region in ongoing counteroffensive". Reuters. 9 October 2022. Archived from the original on 16 October 2022. Retrieved 17 October 2022.
- ^ Trevelyan, Mark (9 November 2022). "Russia abandons Ukrainian city of Kherson in major retreat". Reuters. Archived from the original on 10 November 2022. Retrieved 9 November 2022 – via www.reuters.com.
- ^ "Ukraine troops enter centre of Kherson as Russians retreat in chaos". the Guardian. 11 November 2022.
- ^ "Shots Fired In Ukrainian City As Locals Protest Against Russian Occupation". Radio Free Europe. 2 March 2022. Archived from the original on 5 March 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
- ^ Mirovalev, Mansur (27 May 2022). "Ukrainians question the ease of Russian capture of Kherson". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 11 July 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
- ^ Glinski, Stefanie (14 March 2022). "Russia's Road to Odesa Runs Through Mykolaiv". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 14 March 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
- ^ Khurshudyan, Isabelle (15 March 2022). "Ukraine's Mykolaiv holds the line against Russian forces and delays assault on Odessa". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 4 June 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
- ^ Roth, Nickolas (9 March 2022). "What happened at Ukraine's Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant and what are the implications?". The Nuclear Threat Initiative. Archived from the original on 11 July 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
- ^ "Kherson: How is Russia imposing its rule in occupied Ukraine?". BBC News. 11 May 2022. Archived from the original on 14 June 2022. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
- ^ "Kherson region to integrate into Russia's system of education — regional authorities". TASS. Archived from the original on 3 December 2022. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ^ Satariano, Adam; Reinhard, Scott (9 August 2022). "How Russia Took Over Ukraine's Internet in Occupied Territories". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 11 August 2022. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ^ "Russia hands out passports in occupied Ukraine cities". BBC News. 11 June 2022. Archived from the original on 15 June 2022. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ^ Hedenskog, Jakob (2 June 2022). "The Russian Occupation of Ukraine's Southern Regions". SCEEUS. Archived from the original on 11 July 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
- ^ Ibrahim, Arwa; Petrova, Sasha; Harb, Ali; Kestler-D'Amours, Jillian; Siddiqui, Usaid (6 June 2022). "Ukraine latest updates: 600 Ukrainians held captive in Kherson". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 11 July 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
- ^ "ACLED Regional Overview – Europe, Caucasus, and Central Asia (4 – 10 June 2022) – Ukraine | ReliefWeb". reliefweb.int. 16 June 2022. Archived from the original on 11 July 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
- ^ Żochowski, Piotr; Nieczypor, Krzysztof (28 June 2022). "A creeping annexation. Russia's plans to partition Ukraine". OSW Centre for Eastern Studies. Archived from the original on 11 July 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
- ^ "RUSSIAN OFFENSIVE CAMPAIGN ASSESSMENT, JUNE 29". Institute for the Study of War. Archived from the original on 4 July 2022. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
- ^ "Russian proxies plan vote in Ukraine's Zaporizhzhia region on joining Russia". Reuters. 8 June 2022. Archived from the original on 22 June 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
- ^ Langfitt, Frank (22 May 2022). "Russia intends to annex Kherson in southern Ukraine". NPR. Archived from the original on 10 July 2022. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
- ^ Aleksandrov, Aleksei (11 June 2022). "Russia Moving Forward With 'Referendum' Plans in Occupied Southern Ukraine, Says Kherson Mayor". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Archived from the original on 10 July 2022. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
- ^ "Russia plans to annex Kherson region by autumn: UK intel". www.punjabnewsexpress.com. Archived from the original on 15 July 2022. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
- ^ Maynes, Charles (28 September 2022). "With staged referendums in Ukraine complete, Russia begins the annexation process". NPR. Archived from the original on 3 December 2022. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ^ "Russia's Putin signs laws annexing occupied Ukrainian regions". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 5 October 2022. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ^ "Ukraine: UN General Assembly demands Russia reverse course on 'attempted illegal annexation'". UN News. 12 October 2022. Archived from the original on 14 October 2022. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ^ "Battle for Mykolaiv: 'We are winning this fight, but not this war'". BBC News. 11 March 2022. Archived from the original on 14 March 2022. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
- ^ "ЗСУ звільнили 11 населених пунктів на Херсонщині" (in Ukrainian). 31 March 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
- ^ "Mykolaiv region on edge amid fear of a new Russian offensive". The Washington Post. 9 April 2022. Archived from the original on 5 June 2022. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
- ^ "Ukraine pushes back against Russian forces on Donetsk-Zaporizhzhia border". sports.yahoo.com. 28 May 2022. Archived from the original on 11 July 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
- ^ "Institute for the Study of War". Institute for the Study of War. Archived from the original on 25 March 2022. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
- ^ Journal, Thomas Grove | Photographs by Guillaume Binet/MYOP for The Wall Street (26 June 2022). "In Ukraine's South, Counterattacks Offer Kyiv Hope for Turning Back Russia". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on 10 July 2022. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
- ^ "Контрнаступ ЗСУ на Херсонщині зриває плани Росії – ISW". glavred.net (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 11 July 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
- ^ Schwirtz, Michael; Berehulak, Daniel (25 July 2022). "Eyeing a City Captured by Russia, Ukraine Prepares an Ambitious Counterattack". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 28 July 2022. Retrieved 28 July 2022.
- ^ "Ukraine's partisans are hitting Russian soldiers behind their own lines". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Archived from the original on 12 July 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
- ^ Mukhina, Olena (25 June 2022). "Growing partisan movement of Kherson Oblast now bombs collaborators". Euromaidan Press. Archived from the original on 16 July 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
- ^ Eckel, Mike (10 August 2022). "Sabotage, Assassinations, Propaganda: Simmering Guerrilla War Rattles Ukraine's Russian Occupiers". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Archived from the original on 30 August 2022. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
- ^ Times, The Moscow (30 August 2022). "Fighting Reported Inside Russian-held City of Kherson". The Moscow Times. Archived from the original on 30 August 2022. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
- ^ "Ukraine should see impact of Kherson counterattack from August, spy chief says". Reuters. 25 June 2022. Archived from the original on 10 July 2022. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
- ^ "If Ukraine is given the weapons it needs, a counteroffensive can be mounted by end of summer – Ukrainian general". Ukrayinska Pravda. Archived from the original on 11 July 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
- ^ "About 200 invaders eliminated at military base in Melitopol – mayor". Ukr inform. 5 July 2022. Archived from the original on 11 July 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
- ^ "Ukraine says retaking Snake Island is a warning to Russia – as it happened". Deutsche Welle. 8 July 2022. Archived from the original on 10 July 2022. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
- ^ "Navigation via Danube-Black Sea Canal resumes following liberation of Zmiinyi (Snake) Island". news Yahoo. 9 July 2022. Archived from the original on 10 July 2022. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
- ^ Pryma, Andrew (10 July 2022). "Due to the recapture of Snake Island, the passage of grain ships has reopened". UBN. Archived from the original on 11 July 2022. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
- ^ Santora, Marc (16 June 2022). "Moscow says babies born in occupied Kherson will automatically get Russian citizenship". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 11 July 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
- ^ Hunder, Max (10 July 2022). "Ukraine tells residents to leave occupied south due to counter-attack plans". Reuters. Archived from the original on 10 July 2022. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
- ^ "Residents of Kherson Oblast are urged to prepare shelters to "survive the counteroffensive of the Armed Forces of Ukraine"". Ukrainska Pravda. Archived from the original on 11 July 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
- ^ Dress, Brad (10 July 2022). "Ukraine urges evacuation in southern Kherson region ahead of counterattack". The Hill. Archived from the original on 10 July 2022. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
- ^ ""ЗСУ іде": мешканців Херсонщини закликали триматися подалі від скупчень ворожих сил". Unian.ua (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 11 July 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
- ^ "Zelenskyy orders Ukrainian Armed Forces to recapture southern Ukraine Ukraines Minister of Defence". Yahoo. 10 July 2022. Archived from the original on 10 July 2022. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
- ^ "Reznikov: Zelensky Had Ordered Ukraine's Army to Liberate Ukraine's Coast – Latest Tweet by The Kyiv Independent". LatestLY. 11 July 2022. Archived from the original on 10 July 2022. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
- ^ Tucker, Maxim (10 July 2022). "Ukraine has one million ready for fightback to recapture south". The Times. Archived from the original on 10 July 2022. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
- ^ "Олексій Резніков: "Закінчити війну до кінця року абсолютно можливо"". BBC News Україна. Archived from the original on 16 July 2022. Retrieved 16 July 2022.
- ^ a b "Ukraine's Kherson to Be 'Liberated' From Russia by September – Official". The Moscow Times. AFP. 24 July 2022. Archived from the original on 24 July 2022. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
- ^ "Ukraine is Waging a New Kind of War". The Atlantic. 8 September 2022. Archived from the original on 8 September 2022. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
- ^ "Ukraine Says It Recaptured Village in Occupied Kherson Region". 11 July 2022. Archived from the original on 11 July 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
- ^ Magramo, Kathleen; Raine, Andrew; Guy, Jack; Upright, Ed (11 July 2022). "Ukraine claims "precise hit" on Russian military unit in occupied Kherson". CNN. Archived from the original on 11 July 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
- ^ "Удар ЗСУ по Херсонщині: з'явилася інформація про ліквідацію російського генерала". Unian.ua (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 11 July 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
- ^ "Росіяни у Херсоні посилюють блокпости та готуються до вуличних боїв – ОВА". Ynian.ua (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 11 July 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
- ^ "Мешканців Запорізької області просять виїхати з окупованих територій та зони бойових дій". Unian.ua (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 11 July 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
- ^ Magramo, Kathleen; Guy, Jack; Upright, Ed (12 July 2022). "Russian forces prepare to renew offensive in Donbas, as Ukraine attacks in the south". CNN. Archived from the original on 12 July 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
- ^ "Russian Offensive Campaign assessment". Institute for the Study of War. 15 July 2022. Archived from the original on 17 July 2022. Retrieved 16 July 2022.
- ^ Somerville, Ewan; Vasilyeva, Nataliya; Parekh, Marcus; Millimaci, Grace (19 July 2022). "Himars missiles strike key Russian-held bridge in Kherson". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 22 July 2022. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
- ^ "Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, July 23". Institute for the Study of War. 23 July 2022. Archived from the original on 24 July 2022. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
- ^ "Ukraine strikes Antonivskyi Bridge essential for Russian supply lines in occupied south". CBS News. 27 July 2022. Archived from the original on 27 July 2022. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
- ^ Varennikova, Maria; Bigg, Matthew Mpoke (27 July 2022). "Ukraine hits a key bridge in Kherson as Russia steps up missile strikes across the south". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 27 July 2022. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
- ^ a b c "Ukraine struggles to retake Kherson before Russia annexes it". Archived from the original on 12 August 2022. Retrieved 12 August 2022.
- ^ Balmforth, Tom; Hunder, Max (19 August 2022). "Night of explosions rocks Russian-held areas far from front". www.aol.com. Archived from the original on 22 August 2022. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
- ^ a b "Half of Russia's Black Sea fleet's combat jets out of operation, Western official says". Reuters. 19 August 2022. Archived from the original on 26 August 2022. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
- ^ "Ukraine's long-awaited southern counteroffensive begins with a bang in Crimea". POLITICO. 10 August 2022. Archived from the original on 14 August 2022. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
- ^ "General Staff: Russia continues to advance in several directions". Kyiv Independent. 20 August 2022. Archived from the original on 24 August 2022. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
- ^ "Russia makes gains near Blahodatne – General Staff report". Pravda UA. 21 August 2022. Archived from the original on 26 August 2022. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
- ^ "Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, August 22". Critical Threats. Archived from the original on 1 October 2022. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
- ^ "Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, August 23". Critical Threats. Archived from the original on 22 October 2022. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
- ^ "Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, August 24". Institute for the Study of War. 24 August 2022. Archived from the original on 24 August 2022. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
- ^ "Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, August 25". Institute for the Study of War. 25 August 2022. Archived from the original on 26 August 2022. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
- ^ "Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, August 27". Institute for the Study of War. 27 August 2022. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
- ^ Brad Lendon (12 September 2022). "The rot runs deep in the Russian war machine. Ukraine is exposing it for all to see". CNN. Archived from the original on 13 September 2022. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
- ^ "Ukraine's south is on the line as a major counteroffensive appears to be underway". NBC News. 29 August 2022. Archived from the original on 4 September 2022. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
- ^ Baker, Sinéad. "Zelenskyy tells Russian forces to flee as Ukraine starts its counteroffensive in Kherson, the 1st city Russia took". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 3 September 2022. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
- ^ "Ukraine says long-anticipated southern offensive has begun". Reuters. 29 August 2022. Archived from the original on 1 September 2022. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
- ^ a b "Ukraine announces offensive operations across the south". The New York Times. 29 August 2022. Archived from the original on 2 September 2022. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
- ^ "Во временной администрации опровергли данные о наступлении ВСУ на Херсон". РБК (in Russian). 29 August 2022. Archived from the original on 29 August 2022. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
- ^ "Occupiers announce "workplace evacuation" in Nova Kakhovka". Ukrainska Pravda. Archived from the original on 30 August 2022. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
- ^ "Ukrainian attacks suggest offensive may be underway in the south". NPR. 29 August 2022. Archived from the original on 29 August 2022. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
- ^ John Psaropoulos (31 August 2022). "Is Ukraine's counteroffensive progressing?". al-Jazeera. Archived from the original on 31 August 2022. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
- ^ a b "Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, August 31". Institute for the Study of War. 31 August 2022. Archived from the original on 4 September 2022. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
- ^ "Ukrainian adviser warns progress will be slow as southern counterattack begins". the Guardian. 30 August 2022. Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
- ^ "Ukraine claims to have breached Russian lines as it battles to retake Kherson". The Independent. 31 August 2022. Archived from the original on 31 August 2022. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
- ^ "Ukraine Claims Breakthroughs Made Against Russian Forces In Southern Offensive". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Archived from the original on 31 August 2022. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
- ^ "Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, September 1". Institute for the Study of War. 1 September 2022. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
- ^ "Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, September 2". Institute for the Study of War. 2 September 2022. Archived from the original on 5 September 2022. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
- ^ "НА ЗАКАРПАТЬЕ 2 СЕНТЯБРЯ – ДЕНЬ ТРАУРА ПО ПОГИБШИМ ВОИНАМ 128-Й БРИГАДЫ" (in Ukrainian). 2 September 2022. Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
- ^ "In the Transcarpathian region, mourning has been declared for the dead soldiers of the 128th mountain assault brigade. Nine deaths reported". Gordonua. 3 September 2022. Archived from the original on 7 September 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
- ^ "Fog of war: Ukraine's counteroffensive against Russian forces". Al Jazeera English. 3 September 2022. Archived from the original on 3 September 2022. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
- ^ "Ukraine 'exploiting poor Russian leadership' in new offensive, says UK". Evening Standard. 3 September 2022. Archived from the original on 3 September 2022. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
- ^ "RUSSIAN OFFENSIVE CAMPAIGN ASSESSMENT, SEPTEMBER 3". Institute for Study of War. Archived from the original on 4 September 2022.
- ^ Asami, Terajima (4 September 2022). "Ukraine war latest: Ukraine liberates villages in south and east". The Kyiv Independent. Archived from the original on 4 September 2022. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
- ^ "Ukraine-Russia live". 4 September 2022. Archived from the original on 4 September 2022.
- ^ "Institute for the Study of War". Institute for the Study of War. Archived from the original on 26 September 2022. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
- ^ "Ukraine update: Russian 'hard points' are falling in Kherson, Kharkiv, and near Izyum". Daily Kos. Archived from the original on 30 September 2022. Retrieved 7 September 2022.
- ^ Tobias Dammers (10 September 2022). "Gegenoffensive in Südukraine. "Je schneller vorbei, desto besser"". Tagesschau (in German). Archived from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
- ^ Airborne Assault Troops [VDV - Order of Battle]
- ^ Russias 237th Guards Airborne Assault Regiment no longer exists: soldiers either dead or wounded Ukrainian Intelligence
- ^ 247th 'Cossack' Regiment Of Russian Airborne Troops Destroyed In South
- ^ "Ukraine war: We retook 6,000 sq km from Russia in September, says Zelensky". BBC. 12 September 2022. Archived from the original on 24 September 2022. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
- ^ RUSSIAN OFFENSIVE CAMPAIGN ASSESSMENT, SEPTEMBER 23, 2023
- ^ The Ukrainian Marines Hit The Russian Marines So Hard, They Blew The Russians Back To 1980
- ^ "Война в Украине: Зеленский заявляет о стабилизации обстановки на отвоеванной территории - Новости на русском языке". 18 August 2022. Archived from the original on 25 September 2022. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
- ^ "Institute for the Study of War". Archived from the original on 26 September 2022. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
- ^ "Медуза — LIVE". Archived from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
- ^ AL JAZEERA AND NEWS AGENCIES (13 September 2022). "Ukraine reclaims more territory from Russia in counteroffensive". AL JAZEERA. Archived from the original on 26 September 2022. Retrieved 14 September 2022.
- ^ "Institute for the Study of War". Institute for the Study of War. Archived from the original on 25 March 2022. Retrieved 14 September 2022.
- ^ "Institute for the Study of War". Institute for the Study of War. Archived from the original on 25 March 2022. Retrieved 15 September 2022.
- ^ Day 216, September 27. Summary of Arestovych and Feygin daily broadcast.
- ^ "Ukrainian Military Likely Retakes Zolota Balka In Kherson Direction". Ukrainian News. Archived from the original on 7 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
- ^ Landay, Jonathan; Balmforth, Tom (3 October 2022). "Russian-installed official confirms Ukrainian breakthroughs in Kherson region". Reuters. Archived from the original on 26 December 2022. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
- ^ "The Russian line has collapsed in the north of Kherson region". Michael Mackay Twitter. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
- ^ Landay, Jonathon; Balmforth, Tom (3 October 2022). "Ukraine forces advance on two fronts, cross Russian lines in the south". www.reuters.com. Reuters. Archived from the original on 26 December 2022. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
- ^ "Ukraine regains Kherson villages from Russians". BBC News. 4 October 2022. Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
- ^ "Ukraine and Russia: what you need to know right now". www.reuters.com. Reuters. Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
- ^ "Власти Херсонской области заявили о перегруппировке российских войск". РБК (in Russian). 5 October 2022. Archived from the original on 5 October 2022. Retrieved 5 October 2022.
- ^ The Associated Press (5 October 2022). "Live Updates: Russia-Ukraine War". apnews.com. The Associated Press. Archived from the original on 5 October 2022. Retrieved 5 October 2022.
- ^ Kesaieva, Julia (7 October 2022). "Ukraine says 2,400 square kilometers of territory liberated in south since war began". edition.cnn.com. Cable News Network. Archived from the original on 7 October 2022. Retrieved 7 October 2022.
- ^ "Бійці ЗСУ повернули Новопетрівку й Дудчани на Херсонщині". 4 October 2022. Archived from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
- ^ "Ukraine claims gains near Kherson as Nato allies send air defence systems". TheGuardian.com. 12 October 2022. Archived from the original on 12 October 2022. Retrieved 12 October 2022.
- ^ "Контрнаступ на півдні триває: ЗСУ звільняють Херсонщину". 12 October 2022. Archived from the original on 16 February 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2022.
- ^ In 2014, Ukrainian Defectors Formed A New Russian Brigade. In 2022, The Ukrainian Army May Have Destroyed It.
- ^ RUSSIAN OFFENSIVE CAMPAIGN ASSESSMENT, OCTOBER 15
- ^ "Russia announces Kherson evacuation, raising fears city will become frontline". the Guardian. 13 October 2022. Archived from the original on 14 October 2022. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
- ^ ""Військкори" РФ повідомляють про потужний наступ ЗСУ в Херсонській області: що відомо". ФОКУС. 15 October 2022. Archived from the original on 15 October 2022. Retrieved 15 October 2022.
- ^ "Russia's new Ukraine commander signals civilian removals from 'tense' Kherson". theguardian.com. 18 October 2022. Archived from the original on 18 October 2022. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
- ^ Sky News (19 Oct 2022) Ukraine War: 'The battle for Kherson is now on' Archived 20 October 2022 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "More flee Ukraine's Kherson as Russian occupiers renew warnings". www.reuters.com. Reuters. 22 October 2022. Archived from the original on 22 October 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
- ^ "Chechen leader Kadyrov admits high losses among unit in Ukraine". Al Jazeera. 28 October 2022. Archived from the original on 28 October 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
- ^ "Украинские войска пошли в атаку в районе". 9 November 2022. Archived from the original on 9 November 2022. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
- ^ "Kherson: Russia to withdraw troops from key Ukrainian city". BBC News. 9 November 2022. Archived from the original on 18 December 2022. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
- ^ "Russia to withdraw troops from key Ukraine city of Kherson". The Independent. 9 November 2022. Archived from the original on 18 November 2022. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
- ^ "Russia 'orders troops' to withdraw from the Ukrainian city of Kherson". euronews. 9 November 2022. Archived from the original on 23 November 2022. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
- ^ "Ucrania retomó la ciudad de Snihurivka y consolida su contraofensiva en Kherson". infobae. 10 November 2022. Archived from the original on 11 November 2022. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
- ^ Rainews, Redazione di (10 November 2022). "Live guerra in Ucraina. La cronaca minuto per minuto, giorno 260". RaiNews. Archived from the original on 11 November 2022. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
- ^ "Institute for the Study of War". Institute for the Study of War. Archived from the original on 25 March 2022. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
- ^ Cecil, Nicholas (11 November 2022). "Ukrainian flags fly in Kherson in major setback for Putin's war". Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 11 November 2022. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
- ^ "Russia-Ukraine war live: Zelenskiy says Kherson 'never gave up' as Ukrainian troops reach city centre". the Guardian. 11 November 2022. Archived from the original on 11 November 2022. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
- ^ Krever, Mick; Chernova, Anna; Rebane, Teele; Mezzofiore, Gianluca; Tanno, Sophie (11 November 2022). "Ukrainian troops enter key city of Kherson after Russian forces retreat, dealing blow to Putin". CNN. Archived from the original on 11 November 2022. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
- ^ Demianyk, Graeme (11 November 2022). "Ukrainian Flags Raised In Kherson After Russian Retreat". HuffPost UK. Archived from the original on 11 November 2022.
- ^ "Crowds cheer as Ukrainian troops enter Kherson city centre – video". The Guardian. 11 November 2022. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 11 November 2022.
- ^ "Las fuerzas ucranianas atraviesan en lanchas rápidas el río Dniéper y siguen en su contraofensiva a Rusia". LaSexta. 12 November 2022. Archived from the original on 12 November 2022. Retrieved 12 November 2022.
- ^ "Ruşii anunţă retragerea dintr-un nou oraş ucrainean, la câteva zile după ce au părăsit Herson". www.digi24.ro. 12 November 2022. Archived from the original on 13 November 2022. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
- ^ ""РИА Новости" сообщило об уничтожении диверсантов ВСУ на Кинбурнской косе". РБК (in Russian). 13 November 2022. Archived from the original on 14 November 2022. Retrieved 14 November 2022.
- ^ "Рекомендуємо жителям правобережної Херсонщини евакуюватися до більш безпечних регіонів". Archived from the original on 14 November 2022. Retrieved 14 November 2022.
- ^ Wessel de Jong (14 November 2022). "Zelensky in Cherson: bevrijding mogelijk begin van einde van de oorlog" [Zelenskyy in Kherson: liberation possibly beginning of end of the war]. NOS.nl (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 19 November 2022. Retrieved 14 November 2022.
- ^ "Ukrainian forces open fire on invaders on left bank of Dnipro River, near Kinburn Spit". www.ukrinform.net. 16 November 2022. Archived from the original on 26 November 2022. Retrieved 18 November 2022.
- ^ Lutsevych, Orysia (16 November 2022). "Russia's relentless strikes may escalate the war – but Kherson shows Ukraine is winning". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 16 November 2022. Retrieved 16 November 2022.
- ^ Rohalska, Nadiia (9 December 2022). "Окупанти готують десантну операцію на Дніпрі: засіли на острові під Херсоном, – Машовець" [The occupiers are preparing an amphibious operation on the Dnieper: they landed on an island near Kherson, - Mashovets]. StopCor (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 17 December 2022. Retrieved 17 December 2022.
- ^ "Arestovich: about the situation on the front line". Odessa Journal. 8 December 2022. Archived from the original on 17 December 2022. Retrieved 17 December 2022.
- ^ "Россияне пытаются окружить Бахмут с севера и юга и продвигаются под Херсоном - военный эксперт" [The Russians are trying to surround Bakhmut from the north and south and are advancing near Kherson - military expert]. Strana.ua (in Russian). 9 December 2022. Archived from the original on 17 December 2022. Retrieved 17 December 2022.
- ^ Hird, Karolina; Stepanenko, Kateryna; Bailey, Riley; Mappes, Grace; Layne, Philipson; Klepanchuk, Yekaterina; Kagan, Frederick W. (9 December 2022). "Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, December 9". Institute for the Study of War. Archived from the original on 16 December 2022. Retrieved 16 December 2022.
- ^ Burdeina, Olena (13 December 2022). "Потьомкінський острів під Херсоном: висадки російської ДРГ не було, - Хлань" [Potemkin Island near Kherson: there was no landing of a Russian DRG, - Khlan]. StopCor (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 17 December 2022. Retrieved 17 December 2022.
- ^ "Invaders Plant Landmines at the River Banks in Kherson Region and Attempt to Connect ZNPP to Russian Energy System - General Staff". TSN.ua. 15 December 2022. Archived from the original on 17 December 2022. Retrieved 17 December 2022.
- ^ Koshiw, Isobel; Tondo, Lorenzo; Mazhulin, Artem (10 September 2022). "Ukraine's southern offensive 'was designed to trick Russia'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 11 September 2022. Retrieved 11 September 2022.
- ^ "Institute for the Study of War". Institute for the Study of War. Archived from the original on 25 March 2022. Retrieved 17 October 2022.
- ^ Gentlemen, Jeffrey (24 September 2022). "In Ukraine's South, Fierce Fighting and Deadly Costs". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 25 September 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
- ^ ‘It’s Not a Sprint,’ Ukraine’s Marines Insist. ‘It’s a Marathon.’
- ^ Inside the Ukrainian counteroffensive that shocked Putin and reshaped the war Archived 8 January 2023 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ "Russian offensive campaign assessment, November 12". Institute for the Study of War. 12 November 2022. Archived from the original on 25 March 2022.
External links
Media related to 2022 Ukrainian Kherson counteroffensive at Wikimedia Commons