2023 Australian Indigenous Voice referendum

(Redirected from 2023 Australian referendum)

The 2023 Australian Indigenous Voice referendum was a constitutional referendum held on 14 October 2023 in which the proposed Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice was rejected. Voters were asked to approve an alteration to the Australian Constitution that would recognise Indigenous Australians in the document through prescribing a body called the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice that would have been able to make representations to Federal Parliament and the executive government on "matters relating to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples".[1] The proposal was rejected nationally and by a majority in every state, thus failing to secure the double majority required for amendment by section 128 of the constitution. The Australian Capital Territory was the only state or territory with a majority of "yes" votes. Analysis of surveys following the referendum identified the main reasons why the majority of Australians voted no was a scepticism of rights for some Australians that are not held by others and a fear of constitutional change.

2023 Australian Indigenous Voice referendum
14 October 2023 (2023-10-14)
A Proposed Law: To alter the Constitution to recognise the First Peoples of Australia by establishing an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice.
Do you approve this proposed alteration?
OutcomeNot carried. A majority "no" vote nationally and in all states.
WebsiteOfficial results
Results
Choice
Votes %
Yes 6,286,894 39.94%
No 9,452,792 60.06%
Valid votes 15,739,686 99.02%
Invalid or blank votes 155,545 0.98%
Total votes 15,895,231 100.00%
Registered voters/turnout 17,671,784 89.95%
Results by state or territory, and division

Background

edit

On 21 May 2022, the Australian Labor Party won government, with party leader Anthony Albanese becoming Prime Minister. During his victory speech, Albanese committed to holding a referendum to enshrine an Indigenous Voice to Parliament in his government's first term of office, acting on the 2017 request of Indigenous leaders for such a body made with the Uluru Statement from the Heart.

Parliamentary process

edit
Constitution Alteration (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice) 2023
 
Parliament of Australia
  • A Bill for an Act to alter the Constitution to recognise the First Peoples of Australia by establishing an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice[2]
Territorial extentAustralia
Passed byHouse of Representatives
Passed31 May 2023
Passed bySenate
Passed19 June 2023
Legislative history
First chamber: House of Representatives
Introduced byMark Dreyfus
Introduced30 March 2023
First reading30 March 2023
Second reading30 March 2023 – 31 May 2023
Consideration in detail31 May 2023
Third reading31 May 2023
Second chamber: Senate
Received from the House of Representatives13 June 2023
Member(s) in chargeMurray Watt
First reading13 June 2023
Second reading13 June 2023 – 16 June 2023
Committee of the whole16 June 2023 – 17 June 2023
Third reading19 June 2023
Amends
Constitution of Australia
Summary
Amends the constitution to prescribe an Indigenous Voice to Parliament
Status: Not passed

The government settled on and announced the text of the question on the ballot and the actual amendment on 23 March 2023.[1][3] These were formally approved by parliament through the passage of the amendment bill, Constitutional Alteration (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice) 2023 (Cth). The bill was examined and endorsed by the Joint Select Committee on the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice Referendum, subject to two dissenting reports authored by Liberal and National party members respectively.[4]

The Liberal Party of Australia report put forward several changes, including the deletion of sub-section 128(ii) (to reduce a risk that representations from the body must be considered), a new section 77(iv) (to allow the parliament to control the applicability of judicial review under section 75(v) of the Constitution), the addition of the words "and the legal effect of its representations" to sub-section 128(iii) (to clarify the power Parliament has to legislate regarding the Voice), and the replacement of the words "executive government" to "ministers of state" (to reduce the possible ambit of people to whom the Voice may make representations). The Nationals' report, on the other hand, rejected the proposed bill entirely.[5]

Following the passage of the bill, the referendum date was announced by the Prime Minister on 30 August 2023.[6] The referendum was officially triggered on 11 September 2023 with the issuing of a writ by the Governor-General to the Australian Electoral Commission.[7]

Question and proposed amendment

edit

Referendum ballot papers asked voters:[8]

A Proposed Law: To alter the Constitution to recognise the First Peoples of Australia by establishing an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice. Do you approve this proposed alteration?

The proposed amendment to the Constitution was the insertion of the following chapter:[8]

Chapter IX Recognition of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples

129 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice

In recognition of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples as the First Peoples of Australia:

  1. There shall be a body, to be called the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice;
  2. The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice may make representations to the Parliament and the Executive Government of the Commonwealth on matters relating to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples;
  3. The Parliament shall, subject to this Constitution, have power to make laws with respect to matters relating to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice, including its composition, functions, powers and procedures.

Voting and referendum mechanisms

edit

Double majority

edit

For any amendment of the Constitution to proceed, it must receive a double majority of votes: that is, a majority in each of a majority of the states (i.e. at least four of the six states), as well as a majority overall (i.e. including votes in the territories).[9][10][11][12]

Voters

edit

Voting in the referendum was mandatory for all eligible Australian citizens (and some British subjects).[13][14] A total of 17,676,347 voters were registered on the electoral roll, and therefore required to either vote in person, by post or by phone. This was 2.6% larger than the electoral roll of the 2022 election.[15]

Cost

edit

The Australian Electoral Commission (AEC) estimated the cost of the referendum would be about $450 million, where the federal government had supplied $364 million in the most recent budget to deliver the referendum. Funding for the referendum was provided to the AEC and National Indigenous Australians Agency in the October 2022 Australian federal budget, with a total distribution of $75.2 million (excluding Contingency Reserves) over two years (FY2022–24).[16][17]

  • $52.6 million for the Australian Electoral Commission to prepare for and deliver the referendum
  • $16.1 million for the Australian Electoral Commission to increase the percentage of eligible First Nations people enrolled to vote
  • $6.5 million for the National Indigenous Australians Agency to support preparations for the referendum, including the relevant governance structures

There is an additional $160 million of the federal Contingency Reserve available to deliver the referendum.[16] In May 2023 the government announced a total of $10.5 million in the 2023 budget to improve mental health services for Indigenous people in the lead-up to the referendum.[18]

Official pamphlet

edit

The government originally attempted to remove the requirement for an official yes/no pamphlet along with other proposed changes to the referendum process in the Referendum (Machinery Provisions) Amendment Bill 2022 (Cth), arguing that a physical pamphlet was outdated and that information could instead be distributed online or via television.[19] Instead, the government proposed funding an education campaign to inform Australians about the referendum and to "counter misinformation".[20] However, the pamphlet was ultimately retained in order to secure bipartisan support for the bill.[21] Following this, parliamentarians of both houses who had voted for and against the constitutional amendment bill drafted, for inclusion in the pamphlet, 2,000-word essays detailing their Yes and No cases, with the text of each essay approved by a majority respectively of the Yes and No supporters.[22] This approach was criticised by organisations such as The Greens, who wanted these statements to be independently fact-checked, as there was no legal requirement for the pamphlets to be truthful.[23] After the pamphlets were released, several media organisations analysed the claims in both essays, with many characterising some in the no case as "false" or "misleading".[24][25] No campaigners disputed this however, arguing that fact checkers were labelling claims as "false" that remained subject to debate.[26]

The yes/no pamphlet was published on the AEC website on 18 July 2023[27][28] and on 11 August 2023 it began to be posted to households.[29]

Key dates

edit

Key dates in relation to the voting process for the referendum were:[30][31]

Proposed design of the Voice

edit

On 23 March 2023 the Australian Cabinet endorsed a set of design principles that would be used in the design of the Voice in the event the referendum is successful, with Prime Minister Anthony Albanese stating that these principles would "underpin the shape and function of the Voice".[38][39] Additionally he stated that if the referendum is successful, another process would be established to work on the final design, with a subsequent government produced information pamphlet stating that this process would involve Indigenous Australian communities, the Parliament and the broader community, with any legislation going through normal parliamentary scrutiny procedures.[39][40]

These principles stated that the Voice would be "proactive" and "independent" when giving advice to both Parliament and the government, Voice members would be chosen according to "the wishes of local communities" and "representative" being gender balanced and including remote and youth representatives. Additionally, the Voice would be "community-led, inclusive, respectful and culturally informed". Also, the Voice would be subject to standard transparency measures, would exist in addition to current organisations, would not deliver programs nor have a "veto power".[38][41]

Positions

edit

Political parties

edit

The following tables summarise the positions of registered political parties at the federal level. Disagreement between federal party rooms and state-level party branches within the Liberal–National Coalition is discussed below.

Parliamentary parties

edit
Party Stance Notes and references
Centre Alliance Unknown The party did not openly take a stance on the issue, but does support the recognition of Indigenous Australians in the Constitution.[42]
Dai Le & Frank Carbone Neutral As of January 2023, Dai Le (the party's only federal representative) maintained a neutral position towards the Voice, claiming that it is not a priority for the culturally diverse communities in her electorate.[43]
Greens Support The party has a preference for truth-telling and treaty processes to occur prior to the Voice but have nonetheless backed the "yes" campaign for the referendum on the Voice.[44] The party's First Nations Network (aka Blak Greens) encouraged members to abstain or vote no, on the basis that the Voice would be a "powerless advisory body".[45]
Katter's Australian Oppose Leader Bob Katter (federal MP for the Division of Kennedy) stated that the Voice to Parliament may not cover important issues faced by Indigenous Australians, instead proposing a designated Indigenous senator. However, he has given his support for a referendum.[46] All three of the party's MPs in the Legislative Assembly of Queensland have requested more information from federal and state governments (similar to the Liberals) and said that they could possibly support the Voice. On 16 February 2023, the party announced on Facebook that its MPs would not support the Voice.[47]
Labor Support Leader Anthony Albanese has given his support and pledged that a referendum would be held. All state and territory Labor leaders support the Voice, however Queensland Premier Annastacia Palaszczuk has said that although she supports the Voice, she believes it should be explained better.[48]
Lambie Support Having publicly called for more information about the Voice to Parliament in August 2022 and February 2023,[49] party leader Jacqui Lambie expressed support for the Voice in May 2023,[50] and disappointment at opinion polling indicating a decline in public support in August 2023.[51]
Liberal Oppose Federal leader Peter Dutton had requested more information before his party decided on a position; however some members declared their own stances. Federal members of the party's Tasmanian branch were divided on the issue as of 3 January 2023.[52] On 5 April 2023, after a party room meeting, it was announced that the party will oppose the Voice citing constitutional risks. All members of the shadow ministry are bound by this decision but a conscience vote is allowed for backbencher members. The party also proposed an alternative to Labor's initial proposal and supports constitutional recognition of Indigenous Australians.[53] After the decision, some members of the party indicated they would still support a Voice to Parliament despite their party room's position. Moderate backbenchers including Bridget Archer and Andrew Bragg as well as conservative backbencher Russell Broadbent indicated their support for a Voice.[54] Furthermore, Julian Leeser resigned from his frontbench position as Shadow Attorney-General to support a Voice.[55]
National Oppose The Nationals at a federal level stated that they oppose a Voice to Parliament, citing concerns that it would not be inclusive of regional areas.[56][57][58]
One Nation Oppose One Nation opposes both a Voice to Parliament and a referendum on the subject.[59]
United Australia Party Oppose Following the "If you don't know, VOTE NO" slogan, the United Australia Party stated "[we] will not support a constitutional change that divides us by race."[60]

Non-parliamentary parties

edit
Party Stance Notes and references
Animal Justice Support [61]
Democrats Support [62]
Christians Oppose [63][64]
Democratic Alliance Support [65]
Fusion Support [66]
Indigenous-Aboriginal Support [67]
Legalise Cannabis Unknown Rachel Payne announced that the Victorian state branch of the party supports a Voice to Parliament in May 2023, but the party did not make its position clear at a federal level.[68]
Liberal Democratic Party Oppose [69]
Reason Support [70]
Socialist Alliance Support The Socialist Alliance recommended a 'critical Yes' vote, expressing concern that the Voice would have served as a token gesture towards the recognition of First Nations' sovereignty and treaty demands. They considered grassroot activism important in ensuring that "...First Nations people's quest for justice can overcome either constraint by a bureaucratic Voice or demoralisation by a majority No vote."[71][72]
Sustainable Australia Support [73]
TNL Support [74]
Victorian Socialists Support Victorian Socialists said in a statement that it encouraged its members to vote Yes in the Voice referendum. The party also said that although a victory for the Yes side would not represent a major step forward for Indigenous rights, a No victory is likely to be a step backwards; as the No campaign has gained momentum, "racist elements have come to the fore".[75]
Western Australia Party Oppose [76][77][78]

Different stances within the Coalition

edit

Nationals leader David Littleproud announced on 28 November 2022 that his party would not support the Voice, with Senator for the Northern Territory Jacinta Price speaking out strongly against it. The decision led to Andrew Gee leaving the party to sit as an independent.[79][80] The Nationals oppose the Voice on a federal level and in two states (South Australia and Victoria), although the party supports it in New South Wales,[56] and Western Australia.[81][82]

Federally, the Liberal Party opposed the Voice, with leader Peter Dutton repeatedly asking for more information before they could make a decision, before deciding on 5 April 2023 to reject the Voice. The Liberals offered an alternative proposal and do support the constitutional recognition of Indigenous Australians. Only backbenchers have been allowed a conscience vote on the issue, while members of the Coalition Shadow Ministry are obliged to oppose the Voice. Despite the Liberal Party's federal position, the party is supportive of the Voice in New South Wales and Tasmania.[58][83] The Western Australian branch was initially supportive, but changed their position in August 2023.[84] On 3 September, Dutton committed to hold a second referendum on Indigenous recognition if the Voice referendum failed, while also expressing support for his party's election proposal for a series of legislated local bodies (without a national one).[85]

Former Liberal MP, and Indigenous Australians Minister, Ken Wyatt, quit the Liberal Party on 6 April 2023, in response to the Federal Liberal Party's opposition to the Voice.[86] Later, Julian Leeser (the member for Berowra) resigned from the Shadow Cabinet to support the Voice and campaign for an improved wording, although he did not quit the party and still remains in Parliament as a Liberal backbencher.[87][88]

Since the resignation of Dominic Perrottet (a supporter of the Voice) as leader of the NSW Liberal Party after he led the party to defeat at the 2023 state election, most of the support for the Voice from Liberal members has come from Tasmania or from backbenchers, despite state branches refusing to bind their party or frontbenches by a stance (despite the federal Coalition binding its shadow ministers to oppose the Voice). Of other state Liberal leaders, New South Wales leader Mark Speakman[89][90] supports the Voice, while Western Australian leader Libby Mettam initially supported the Voice, but then began opposing it due to the state's controversial Aboriginal heritage laws. The Liberals for Yes campaign was launched in 2023 as an attempt to attract support for the Voice from centre-right, liberal conservative individuals.[91]

Similar to New South Wales, the Victorian Liberal Party has allowed its members a conscience vote on the issue. The Victorian branch has not yet declared its stance on the Voice. However, party leader John Pesutto confirmed his personal stance[92] and other members have voiced their personal opinions (see below).[93]

Party Stance Notes and references
Canberra Liberals Ambiguous The Canberra Liberals have given its MPs a conscience vote on the issue.[94] The party's leader, Elizabeth Lee, supports the Voice.[95][93] Mark Parton has announced his support for the Voice, while former opposition leader Jeremy Hanson has announced his opposition to the proposal.[96]
Country Liberal Oppose On 19 February 2023, the Country Liberal Party's rank-and-file voted to oppose the Voice.[97][98][99] However, members of the party have differing opinions; the party's sole federal senator, Jacinta Price, opposes the Voice, while the party's leader in the Northern Territory, Lia Finocchiaro, said in mid-March that she supported the Voice in principle, but needed more detail.[100] However, on 22 August, Finocchiaro confirmed that she would be voting "no", saying the government had not given enough information about the Voice and she was concerned that the Voice would not adequately represent Aboriginal Territorians, though she also said that party members were allowed a free vote on the issue and that she would not be campaigning against the Voice.[101]
Liberal National Ambiguous The LNP has not stated a clear position on the Voice.[102][103] The party's leader in Queensland, David Crisafulli, announced he has an "open mind" on the issue.[58] Crisafulli later announced that he would oppose the Voice, but the LNP would be given a conscience vote on the issue and that he would not be campaigning against it.[104]
NSW Liberals Ambiguous Former New South Wales Premier Dominic Perrottet (who was Premier and Liberal leader from 2021 to 2023) supports the Voice.[83] The current leader, Mark Speakman, announced that members of the party will be given a free vote on the issue.[105] On 12 August 2023, Speakman announced that he personally supports the Voice, but would not be campaigning for it.[89]
NSW Nationals Oppose The NSW Nationals opposed the Voice, formally opposing it at their Senior Party Conference in July 2023. However, like the NSW Liberal Party, the NSW Nationals announced that they would give their members a free vote on the issue.[105]
SA Liberals Oppose The South Australian division opposes the state's version of the Voice to Parliament, but has not yet made a stance on the federal version.[106] David Speirs remains undecided on the Voice, but has stated that the South Australian Liberals will remain neutral and would not campaign for either side.[107] However, Speirs later stated that he and the party would oppose the Voice.[108][109][110]
SA Nationals Oppose [111]
Tasmanian Liberals Support Tasmanian premier Jeremy Rockliff openly supports the Voice. Rockliff vowed to campaign "vigorously" in favour of the Voice.[58]
Victorian Liberals Ambiguous John Pesutto, the leader of the party's Victorian division, was initially unclear on the party's position citing a lack of detail on the proposal.[112] The Victorian Liberals decided in May 2023 to allow members to have a conscience vote on this issue.[113] Only Jess Wilson, the Member for Kew, has publicly confirmed she will vote "yes" in the referendum, while the majority of Victorian Liberal MPs have publicly stated they will vote "no".[114] On 4 September, Pesutto declared that he will be voting "no" in the referendum but would not be campaigning against it.[92]
Victorian Nationals Oppose Peter Walsh, the leader of the Nationals in Victoria, backed the federal Nationals' decision.[115]
WA Liberals Oppose Libby Mettam, the leader of the party's Western Australian division, announced the party's opposition in August 2023. She had previously endorsed the Voice.[84]
WA Nationals Oppose Former leader Mia Davies stated her party's support for the Voice during her time as leader.[81][82] While current leader Shane Love initially supported the Voice, he later announced that he and the party would oppose the Voice,[116] following a similar decision made earlier by the WA Liberal Party.

Independents

edit
Name Stance Notes and references
Kate Chaney Support [117]
Zoe Daniel Support [118]
Andrew Gee Support Gee defected from the National Party in December 2022, shortly after the party announced its opposition to the Voice, citing a need to support the Voice as a key reason for leaving the party,[119] although party leader David Littleproud mentioned other disagreements that led to the decision.[120]
Helen Haines Support [121]
David Pocock Support [122]
Monique Ryan Support [123]
Sophie Scamps Support Scamps referred to the First Nations Voice to Parliament as a "generous invitation" in her first speech to Parliament in August 2022.[124]
Allegra Spender Support [125]
Zali Steggall Support [126]
Lidia Thorpe Oppose In August 2022, when still Greens Indigenous affairs spokesperson, Thorpe called for Treaty before Voice.[127] Defecting from the Greens in February 2023, she said that she wished to lead the "Blak sovereignty" movement and campaign for such a treaty[128][129][130][131] before implementation of the Voice, which would be "powerless".[132][133][b] In May 2023, she ruled out supporting the No campaign and said she would consider abstaining.[135] On 20 June Thorpe joined the official No campaign,[136] after she had voted No to the referendum bill in the Senate on 19 June.[137][138] On 20 July, Thorpe released her own pamphlet advocating against the Voice, criticising both the official Yes and No pamphlets, and claiming that she had been unfairly excluded from contributing to the official No case, which she condemned as racist.[139]
Kylea Tink Support [140][141]
Andrew Wilkie Support [142]

Former prime ministers

edit
Prime Minister Term Party Position Notes and references
Paul Keating 1991–1996 Labor Support Paul Keating strongly supported the Voice.[143]
John Howard 1996–2007 Coalition Oppose After initially not settling on a position, John Howard stated in an interview with The Australian that the Voice will "create a new cockpit of conflict about how to help Indigenous people".[144][145]
Kevin Rudd 2007–2010, 2013 Labor Support Kevin Rudd supported the Voice to Parliament, stating that Tony Abbott's stance on the issue was "wrong".[146]
Julia Gillard 2010–2013 Labor Support Julia Gillard supported the Voice, along with Beyond Blue, which she is currently chairing.[147]
Tony Abbott 2013–2015 Coalition Oppose Tony Abbott opposed the Voice.[148][149][150]
Malcolm Turnbull 2015–2018 Coalition Support In August 2022, Malcolm Turnbull stated that despite his previous concerns, he would vote in favour of Albanese's proposal.[151]
Scott Morrison 2018–2022 Coalition Oppose While he was prime minister, Scott Morrison proposed a version of the Voice,[152] but repeatedly ruled out holding a referendum, and vetoed attempts to do so.[153] He stated that the Voice would be a "third chamber" of Parliament.[154]

Newspaper endorsements

edit
Newspaper City Owner Endorsement
The Age Melbourne Nine Entertainment Yes[155]
The Australian Nationwide News Corp No[156]
Herald Sun Melbourne News Corp No[156]
The Spectator Australia Nationwide Press Holdings No[157]
The Sydney Morning Herald Sydney Nine Entertainment Yes[158]
edit
 
Former High Court Justice Ian Callinan

Legal opinion in Australia was divided over the suitability of the wording of the proposed constitutional amendment.[159][160][161][162][163]

Concerns

edit

One sticking point among experts was the inclusion of the phrase "executive government". In Australia, "executive government" comprises ministers as well as the departments they oversee.[164] It is a broad term, which covers a wide range of people from the governor-general to the cabinet and public servants.[159] Opponents argued that it makes it possible that the whole of the federal government, including its agencies, would be under an obligation to consult the Voice, and that the wording could allow judges to make rulings about its nature. However Anne Twomey, argued that there is no such obligation in the proposal, and that past High Court rulings have found that the term extends to ministers and government departments, but not statutory bodies, which are distinct legal entities.[164] Noel Pearson also stressed the importance of talking to the public service as well as politicians in effecting change.[165]

On 3 April 2023, shadow attorney-general Julian Leeser outlined his concerns about the words "executive government" in proposed sub-clause 129(ii) during an address at the National Press Club, namely that the meaning of the words is unclear and may be interpreted by the High Court in a way unexpected and unable to be modified later by legislation. He also expressed concerns with the preambular statement "In recognition of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples as the First Peoples of Australia:" as its judicial interpretation is unclear.[166][167] However, despite these concerns, Leeser stated he would vote yes and continued to campaign for a successful referendum, after resigning from shadow cabinet.[168]

Some constitutional law academics and judges voiced concerns about the introductory words to the proposed new section 129. Retired superior court judges, including David Jackson,[169] Nicholas Hasluck,[170] and Terry Cole,[171] suggested that the changes could have unintended effects and would introduce inequality of citizenship into the Constitution.[172] Former High Court Justice Ian Callinan had said that the changes were legally unsafe.[172][173]

In May 2023 constitutional law professors Nicholas Aroney and Peter Gerangelos highlighted what they believed were a number of issues with the proposed constitutional amendment in a submission to the Joint Select Committee,[174] suggesting that the Voice may be seen by the High Court as having a similar constitutional status as the Parliament, executive and the High Court.[172] In October 2023 a paper by Aroney and lawyer Peter Congdon highlighted that the proposed alteration to the Constitution had the potential to significantly expand the powers of the Commonwealth over the states,[175] citing the examples of raising the age of criminal responsibility to reduce rates of Indigenous incarceration, or legislating land management issues affecting farmers and Indigenous people.[176] They wrote that neither side had mentioned this issue.[177]

Vice-president of the Rule of Law Institute of Australia Chris Merritt suggested that the proposal would "clearly restrict the sovereign power of the Commonwealth in a way that nobody has even considered".[178]

Support for the proposed wording

edit

The Constitutional Expert Group appointed by the government to provide advice about constitutional law relating to the Voice (comprising Greg Craven, Megan Davis, Kenneth Hayne, Noel Pearson, Cheryl Saunders, Anne Twomey, George Williams, and Asmi Wood[179]) were unanimous in their opinion that the Voice would not have veto powers over legislation. Other constitutional experts backed the proposal as a "safe and sensible" legal option. Former High Court judge Kenneth Hayne wrote that the Voice would not obstruct the government's function. George Williams, law professor at the University of New South Wales agreed, calling the proposal a modest one. The Law Council of Australia supported the model, calling it a "modest step".[180]

The Solicitor-General of Australia Stephen Donaghue advised that the Voice would "not fetter or impede the exercise of existing powers of Parliament... and is not just compatible with the system of representative and responsible government prescribed by the Constitution, but an enhancement of that system".[181] He also advised that the Voice would help in "overcoming barriers that have historically impeded effective participation by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in political discussions and decisions that affect them" and would also "rectify a distortion in the existing system".[182]

In early October 2023, 71 constitutional and public law teachers and professors published an open letter to the Australian public, stating that:[183][184]

Certainly it is impossible to predict exactly what the High Court might say in the future; this is the case for all constitutional and legal provisions. But we know that the vast majority of expert legal opinion agrees that this amendment is not constitutionally risky.

Former Chief Justice of Australia, Robert French, criticised the No campaign's legal arguments and other campaign tactics in a speech at the National Press Club, refuting the argument that it would have an effect on executive decision-making.[185][186] He also said that the Voice would be unable to "[engage] effectively in terms of representation with the processes of government unless you have the executive government in there", and that this was not a mistake.[187][188]

Campaign

edit

Campaigning for both sides of the question started in early 2023. Some of the groups and individuals involved are listed below.[189]

 
Noel Pearson; a key figure for the Yes campaign
 
The Yes campaign held demonstrations around the country. Some 20,000 people attended the Brisbane rally.[190]

According to Mayo, all of these campaign groups were working towards the same goal.[189]

  • The National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Catholic Council, based on a framework and foundation of subsidiarity.[195]
  • Jack Beetson, co-founder and executive director of Aboriginal education initiative Literacy for Life sat on the referendum working group.[196]
 
Jacinta Nampijinpa Price: a key figure for the No campaign
 
A No campaign car sticker in Queensland. As widely predicted, Queensland had the highest No vote percentage in the country.
  • Advance (formerly Advance Australia), a conservative lobby group, set up a No campaign which included new social media advertising campaign titled "The Voice is Not Enough" (or just "Not Enough"),[197] aimed at a young demographic and targeting the "progressive no" vote, suggesting that the Voice would be too weak, or is not the main priority for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. A number of people have accused Advance of misrepresenting their views and using photographs of them in its campaign without their permission. Advance has been funded by millionaires such as Jet Couriers founder Brett Ralph, Kennards Self Storage head Sam Kennard, building material scion Rodney O'Neil, health company chief Marcus Blackmore and fund manager Simon Fenwick.[198][199] In addition, the group has created a "Referendum News" Facebook page[200] showing anti-Voice posts, and has advertised on Facebook and Instagram.[201] According to University of Technology Sydney political scientist Jeremy Walker, Advance also collaborated with fossil fuel companies and Atlas Network affiliates including the Centre for Independent Studies, Institute of Public Affairs and LibertyWorks to promote the No campaign.[202][203]
  • Australians for Unity, created on 11 May 2023, led by Warren Mundine and Jacinta Nampijinpa Price – both Indigenous Australians. This is a merger of two key former campaigns:[18]
    • Recognise a Better Way was led by Mundine and included former Nationals deputy PM John Anderson, and former Keating government minister Gary Johns.[189] The campaign, launched in January 2023, was set up by a group called the Voice No Case Committee. The committee included four Indigenous members: Mundine; Price (who left the group in February 2023 to join Advance[189]); founder of the Kings Creek Station Ian Conway; and owner of Kemara enterprises Bob Liddle.[204][205] Price officially deleted her membership of the Voice No Case Committee from the Senate register of pecuniary interests on 13 August 2023 (although she had never disclosed her interest before).[206]
    • Fair Australia was a No campaign led by Jacinta Nampijinpa Price (who was originally part of the Recognise a Better Way group[18]) under the auspices of Advance.[189][c]
  • Blak Sovereign Movement,[207] including Senator Lidia Thorpe, who spoke at the National Press Club on 16 August.[208]

Advertising and media

edit

The government launched its official advertising campaign about the referendum in May 2022, to provide information about what the proposal is, what the Voice would do and how it would be set up, and to encourage Australians to prepare themselves for it.[209][210] The AEC (which is an independent statutory authority) launched its major education phase in August 2023, aimed at helping and educating voters to prepare for the referendum.[211]

An analysis of various contributors to the campaigns published in early August suggested that the No campaign represented by Advance Australia were using fear as their underlying message, and focussing on prominent Yes campaigners such as Thomas Mayo and Teela Reid. The Blak Sovereign Movement argued that a treaty should be negotiated ahead of establishing the Voice. The Uluru Dialogue was using a sense of pride to show how the nation would be a better place with the Voice in place. Yes23 emphasised fairness and integrity. The report analysed the relative levels of success of the different approaches.[212]

The Yes and No campaigns started advertising on social media in early 2023, and although both had spent around A$110,000 on advertising on Facebook between mid-March and mid-June 2023, it was found that each had targeted different audiences. The biggest spenders were Fair Australia and Yes23.[213] From 3 September 2023, with John Farnham's support, "You're the Voice" was used to advocate for the Yes campaign as a soundtrack to a video ad.[214] The video for the Yes campaign, which aired on several platforms, includes the 1983 America's Cup yacht race (won by an Australian yacht); the handback of Uluru to its traditional owners in 1985; and the landmark Mabo land rights case in 1992.[215]

At the end of August, the top five items on Facebook and X included several that were critical of the Voice and served the No campaign. Their analysis showed how negative stories can have the strongest impact on people's attention, and also how far articles on traditional media could reach on social media. At that time, the Yes23 campaign had spent more than any other campaign group; however, they were less geographically focused than spending by No campaigns. It concluded that while there were many more Yes than No ads published, its message was spread over 33 disparate themes, whole No ads predominantly covered only seven, which were all negative.[216] By the end of September, online advertising by both camps was heavily focused on the Tasmania and South Australia, which were regarded as "battleground" states.[217] Fair Australia started using TikTok in May, and was using it far more extensively and proving more successful than the Yes campaign by October. Yes campaigners on other social media such as Facebook, X, and Instagram had large followings. This may reflect the fact that the younger demographic on TikTok were more likely to be Yes voters, and the No campaign wanted to reach them.[218]

There has been considerable activity in news and other traditional media from both sides of the debate,[219] including TV news (used by around 58% of Australians in 2023), news published online (51%), and in print (19%).[220]

Mass media in Australia are highly concentrated,[221] with Rupert Murdoch's News Corp Australia dominating the landscape, owning over two-thirds of leading newspapers along with most online news websites;[222][223] three News Corp outlets occupy the top three positions in the nation, based on popularity and viewership.[224] An interim report commissioned by the Australians for a Murdoch Royal Commission group as part of its "Murdoch Referendum Accountability Project" was published in September 2023. University of Adelaide academic Victoria Fielding and a team of researchers analysed data on reporting and commentary by News Corp about the Voice between July and August 2023, covering The Australian, Herald Sun, Daily Telegraph, and Sky News Australia. It found that on the whole, news reporting was unbiased and accurate, but the opinion pieces were almost all in favour of the No vote. The majority of News Corp's content was commentary, not reporting, so when the various articles and videos were examined together, around 70% of the coverage favoured No arguments. Andrew Bolt and Peta Credlin were the top contributors in favour of a No vote.[225]

Incidents

edit

In July 2023, a cartoon ad promoting the No campaign in the lead-up to the referendum was published by Advance Australia in the Australian Financial Review, featuring caricatures of Thomas Mayo a signatory and advocate of the Indigenous Voice to Parliament, along with, MP and Yes advocate Kate Chaney, and her father businessman Michael Chaney. This led to bipartisan condemnation of the ad as "racist".[226] The AFR later apologised for the ad.[227][228]

In July 2023, Big W, an Australian chain of discount department stores, announced it would stop its in-store announcements that expressed support for the Indigenous voice to parliament.[229][230][231]

In early October, the AEC asked the Yes campaign to remove a social media post that contained a misleading graphic that could cause No voters to cast an invalid vote.[232]

In early October, the AEC asked the Yes campaign to move their signage away from theirs to avoid confusion, because both were of a similar purple colour.[233][234][235][236]

Misinformation and disinformation

edit

Some opponents of the Voice, primarily right-wing and far-right politicians and commentators, internet trolls, and members of the sovereign citizen movement, have spread misinformation, disinformation and unfounded conspiracy theories regarding the referendum online. This activity is most prominent on Telegram, Twitter and WeChat.[237][238] According to independent monitors and fact-checkers, online debate has focused on race, particularly on Twitter. Ben James, editor of the Australian Associated Press' FactCheck team, which monitors content on Facebook, Instagram and TikTok, says that the amount of misinformation and disinformation had by early September exceeded that which had been observed on social media ahead of the 2022 Australian election. Leading Indigenous campaigner Thomas Mayo has been subjected to a great deal of racial abuse. While some misinformation has been observed from people on both sides of the discussion, there was generally more on the No side – although it is noted that not all of the claims emanated from the official No campaign. Social media experts have observed "bot-like behaviour" that spread the same content across social media.[239]

A preprint study in September 2023 showed Yes tweets dominating the Twitter platform, including amplification of misinformation and conspiracy theories created by the No side, with the Yes voters trying to fact-check and correct them. Politicians and media were also increasing the themes of "racial division" and "hidden agenda" on Twitter, in particular Sky News Australia. Many of the No accounts appeared to be recently created and suspicious, although there was little evidence of social bots. The preprint concluded "Overall, our findings reveal a media ecosystem fraught with confusion, conspiratorial sensemaking, and strategic media manipulation".[240][self-published source?]

It was reported[by whom?] that much of the misleading information and disinformation has been promoted by internet trolls linked to the Chinese Communist Party, with China being accused of espionage, attempting to undermine Western influence and attempting to silence Western criticism of human rights abuses in China. An analysis by Recorded Future confirmed the findings of Australian Strategic Policy Institute in this regard but found no evidence that Iran or Russia were trying to influence the debate.[238] Chinese social media platforms such as WeChat also prominently spread misinformation and occasionally even racism.[237]

Australian Electoral Commissioner Tom Rogers said that social media had not adequately dealt with misinformation and disinformation on their platforms; of 47 reported by the AEC as being of concern, only 16 had been taken down.[15]

RMIT FactLab, which had been checking some of the claims made by the No campaign, including that the Uluru Statement comprised more than one page, was suspended by Meta as its key fact-checking organisation in August 2023 because its certification from the International Fact-Checking Network had expired in December 2022.[241][242][243] However, it continues its work and is regularly published by ABC News.[244]

Quality of public debate

edit

Concerns were aired about the quality of public debate, by both campaigns and private individuals on both sides of the debate,[245] in some cases describing it as divisive and "toxic".[246] Political commentator Laura Tingle described the debate as "bitter", criticising the No campaign in particular.[247]

Marcia Langton was accused of calling No voters "racists",[248] after The Australian published an article headlined "Langton brands No voters 'racist, stupid'";[249] it was shown afterwards that she was referring to the tactics of No campaigners, not the voters, which she said were "based in racism and stupidity".[250]

There has been racism directed against Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people,[251] including criticism of unrelated topics such as Welcomes to Country, claims that Indigenous people have special treatment, and promulgation of racist stereotypes.[252] "Progressive No" campaigner Lidia Thorpe, who herself has been subject to racist abuse and death threats, exposed a video of a hooded man making racist remarks, burning an Aboriginal flag, and giving a Nazi salute.[251] Abuse towards campaigners on both sides reportedly affected the mental health of several people.[253]

Opinion polling

edit

Despite "Yes" having a large lead in opinion polls initially, public opinion slowly began shifting in favour of "No" in late 2022, with the latter coming out ahead in every poll taken since July 2023 (a month after the Constitutional Amendment bill passed through the Senate).

External poll aggregations
  Nick Evershed and Josh Nicholas for The Guardian
  Kevin Bonham, electoral analyst[254]
  Simon Jackman, University of Sydney professor[254]
Graphical summary – binary choice

Early voting

edit

On 4 October, the AEC reported that 903,570 votes had been cast after three days of early voting.[255]

By polling day, 6 million early votes had been cast at pre-poll centres, and 2 million postal votes were expected.[256]

Result

edit

The Constitutional amendment was rejected in both the state and national vote counts, with the Australian Capital Territory being the only state or territory with a majority "yes" vote.[257][258]

Despite some predictions of a low turnout, the participation rate for the referendum was 89.92%, just higher than the rate for the 2022 election of 89.82%. Similarly, despite concerns about ticks and crosses,[d] the informal voting rate was 0.98%, comparable to the rate for the republic referendum of 0.86% and lower than the typical rate for federal elections of around 2%.[261]

Regions with a high proportion of Indigenous Australians overwhelmingly voted yes in the referendum. Labor MP for Lingiari, Marion Scrymgour suggested that 74% of the 11,000 people that live in the division's remote areas voted yes.[262] The highest vote in support of yes in an Indigenous community was in Wadeye, at 92.1%. The Tiwi Islands voted 84% in favour, and Maningrida recorded an 88% yes vote. However, many of these remote communities also had a very low turnout, with Palm Island, which recorded a yes vote of around 75%, having a preliminary participation rate of around 1 in 3.[263] Warren Mundine suggested that the low turn-out in remote communities indicated "that, at best, most Aboriginal people of voting age in remote communities didn't vote at all, and the percentage who voted Yes was less than 30 per cent".[264] Election analyst Antony Green argued that drawing conclusions based on a relation between the vote of an electorate and its recorded Indigenous population was an example of the ecological fallacy as the data could not be used to predict the vote of individual voters.[265]

National

edit
 
Postal ballot paper
Section 'National' not found

States and territories

edit
 
Queue of people waiting to cast their vote at a polling booth on 14 October 2023

Votes cast in the territories are included in the national total for the purposes of determining a national majority, but the territories are not counted for the purposes of determining a majority of states.

Breakdown of voting by state and territory
State/territory Yes No Invalid Turnout (%)
Votes % Votes %
New South Wales 2,058,764 41.04 2,957,880 58.96 57,285 90.80
Victoria 1,846,623 45.85 2,180,851 54.15 39,038 91.00
Queensland 1,010,416 31.79 2,167,957 68.21 27,266 88.25
Western Australia 582,077 36.73 1,002,740 63.27 13,454 87.50
South Australia 417,745 35.83 748,318 64.17 11,478 91.75
Tasmania 152,171 41.06 218,425 58.94 3,967 92.03
Northern Territory[e] 43,076 39.70 65,429 60.30 820 71.45
Australian Capital Territory[f] 176,022 61.29 111,192 38.71 2,237 91.36
Total 6,286,894 39.94 9,125,294 60.06 155,545 89.92
Results Obtained a majority in no state and an overall minority of 2,838,400 votes. Not carried.

Analysis

edit

Analysis of a survey data collected immediately after the referendum was conducted by the Australian National University to attempt to gauge the intention and reasoning of voters. The report concluded that:[267]

The data suggests that Australians voted no because they didn’t want division and remain sceptical of rights for some Australians that are not held by others. The data suggests that Australians think that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians continue to suffer levels of disadvantage that is both caused by past government policies and that justified extra government assistance. They did not see the Voice model put to them as the right approach to remedy that disadvantage.

The results also demonstrated some evidence of an urban–rural political divide.[268] The four electorates returning more than 70% of votes in favour of Yes were the namesake electorates centred on the CBDs of Melbourne, Sydney and Canberra, as well as Prime Minister Albanese's inner Sydney electorate of Grayndler. By contrast, the only five electorates to return less than 20% of votes in favour of Yes — Maranoa, Flynn, Capricornia, Hinkler and Dawson — were all rural electorates in southern and central Queensland.

Analysis by DesmosAU concluded that fear of constitutional change in general was the primary reason for the referendum's failure, with 29% of the electorate opposed to any change and 23% believing it should only be changed "if it doesn't work". They concluded that the referendum would have failed regardless of the proposal without bi-partisan support.[269]

Aftermath

edit

Once the referendum result became clear on the night of 14 October, Yes23 campaign co-chair Rachel Perkins called for a week of silence "to grieve this outcome and reflect on its meaning and significance".[270] After this period, an unsigned open letter was distributed by the public relations firm that had worked for the Uluru Dialogue (a key yes group based at the Indigenous Law Centre of UNSW Sydney)[271] that decried the result as "unbelievable and appalling" and concluded that constitutional recognition would no longer be possible.[272] It also highlighted the role the Liberal and National parties had in the defeat, stating "there was little the yes campaign could do to countervail" the impact of their opposition.[273] Warren Mundine responded to the letter, saying it was a "disgraceful attack on Australia and Australian people".[274]

The result was perceived by many as a significant setback to reconciliation in Australia.[275][276] Aboriginal academic and pro-Voice campaigner Marcia Langton declared that Australian voters' rejection of the Voice made it "very clear that Reconciliation is dead".[277][278]

After the referendum, in which over 64% of South Australians voted against the Voice, state Liberal leader David Speirs cast some doubt on the state based voice. South Australian One Nation MP Sarah Game announced plans to introduce a bill to repeal the First Nations Voice Act 2023.[279]

On 19 October 2023, the Queensland opposition Liberal National Party of Queensland (LNP) leader David Crisafulli announced that they would be dropping their support for a state based treaty. The LNP had previously supported a treaty in early 2023.[280][281][282]

The Victorian Liberal Party were divided in the aftermath of the referendum over whether to continue supporting the state's treaty process.[283] Alongside their fellow Coalition partners, the National Party of Victoria, in January 2024 both parties withdrew their support for treaty, leaving Victoria without bi‑partisan backing for the proposal.[284][285]

Former Prime Minister Tony Abbott said the result was a rejection of identity politics and a chance to reject or reduce Aboriginal "separatism" with the wider Australian community, such as by no longer flying Aboriginal flags equally with the national flag or by not giving an acknowledgment of country prior to speaking at an official event.[286]

Speaking one year after the referendum, Megan Davis and Yes23 campaign director Dean Parkin argued that the referendum debate had been unduly captured by politicians, with Indigenous voices shut out. Davis also stated that the Albanese government and the Commonwealth has subsequently endorsed leaving Indigenous policy to the states and territories who "aren't committed".[287][288] Key figures in the No voice campaign Jacinta Nampijinpa Price and Nyunggai Warren Mundine stated that Australians want the best for "the vulnerable and needy in our country (but) the voice failed to realise this"[289] and "they didn’t want racial separation and race-based rights in the constitution and that they want all Australians to be treated equally".[290]

See also

edit

Notes

edit
  1. ^ Due to public holidays: Labor Day in ACT, NSW, SA;[33][34] King's Birthday in Qld[35][36]
  2. ^ She also suggested that all of the recommendations from the Bringing Them Home report and Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody should be implemented before the Voice.[134]
  3. ^ Advance emerged during the 2019 election, attacking activist group GetUp!, supporting Tony Abbott against the independent Zali Steggall (who won the seat), and campaigning against David Pocock.[189]
  4. ^ A tick was counted as "yes", but a cross was deemed ambiguous and so treated as informal and not counted at all.[259][260]
  5. ^ In accordance with the Referendum (Machinery Provisions) Act 1984, residents of the territory of Cocos (Keeling) Islands and the territory of Christmas Island are included in the Northern Territory for electoral purposes.[266]
  6. ^ In accordance with the Referendum (Machinery Provisions) Act 1984, residents of the territories of Jervis Bay Territory and Norfolk Island are included in the Australian Capital Territory for electoral purposes.[266]

References

edit
  1. ^ a b "Constitutional amendment and referendum question announced". 23 March 2023. Archived from the original on 18 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
  2. ^ "Constitution Alteration (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice) 2023". Attorney-General's Department (Australia). 30 March 2023. Archived from the original on 23 August 2023. Retrieved 22 September 2023.
  3. ^ "Next Step Towards Voice Referendum: Constitutional Alteration Bill". Prime Minister of Australia. Media release. 23 March 2023. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 24 March 2023.
  4. ^ corporateName=Commonwealth Parliament; address=Parliament House, Canberra. "Constitution Alteration (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice) 2023". www.aph.gov.au. Archived from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ Joint Select Committee on the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice Referendum; Green, Nita (May 2023). Advisory Report on the Constitution Alteration (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice) 2023. Nita Green. Commonwealth of Australia. ISBN 978-1-76092-504-8. Archived from the original on 6 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
  6. ^ Butler, Josh (30 August 2023). "Indigenous voice to parliament referendum date announced as 14 October". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
  7. ^ "2023 referendum: Final key dates confirmed". Australian Electoral Commission. Australian Government. 11 September 2023. Archived from the original on 4 October 2023. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
  8. ^ a b "Press Conference – Parliament House". Prime Minister of Australia. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 24 March 2023.   This article incorporates text from this source, which is available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
  9. ^ Constitution, section 128.
  10. ^ "Referendums and changing Australia's constitution". National Archives of Australia. Archived from the original on 11 June 2023. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
  11. ^ Silva, Angelica (14 May 2023). "What is the Indigenous Voice to Parliament? Here's how it would work and who's for and against it". ABC News. Archived from the original on 31 May 2023. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
  12. ^ "The referendum count". Australian Electoral Commission. Archived from the original on 31 May 2023. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
  13. ^ "Enrol to vote". Australian Electoral Commission. 1 March 2023. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
  14. ^ "British subjects". Australian Electoral Commission. 21 April 2015. Archived from the original on 20 March 2023. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
  15. ^ a b "Largest voter enrolment on record ahead of Voice referendum". InDaily. 21 September 2023. Archived from the original on 24 September 2023. Retrieved 22 September 2023.
  16. ^ a b Chalmers, Jim; Gallagher, Katy (25 October 2022). "Budget Paper No. 2: Budget Measures" (PDF). 2022 Budget. p. 107. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 June 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  17. ^ Morse, Dana (28 October 2022). "Voice to Parliament funding welcomed but questions raised over who will pay for the campaign". ABC News. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  18. ^ a b c Morse, Dana; Bourchier, Dan (11 May 2023). "Key 'No' camps merge to form Australians for Unity to strengthen referendum campaign". ABC News (Australia). Archived from the original on 12 May 2023. Retrieved 13 May 2023.
  19. ^ Kildea, Paul (16 December 2022). "The government wants to change Australia's referendum laws. How will this affect the Voice to Parliament?". The Conversation. Archived from the original on 5 October 2023. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  20. ^ Twomey, Anne (2 December 2022). "The government will not send out Yes and No case pamphlets ahead of the Voice to Parliament referendum. Does this matter?". The Conversation. Archived from the original on 5 October 2023. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  21. ^ Hegarty, Nicole; Lowrey, Tom (21 March 2023). "Coalition set to support referendum framework bill as deadline nears for final wording". ABC News. Archived from the original on 5 October 2023. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  22. ^ Evans, Jake; Borys, Stephanie (8 February 2023). "Voice to Parliament pamphlets advocating both sides to be sent to Australians, in concession to Peter Dutton". ABC News. Archived from the original on 16 September 2023. Retrieved 16 September 2023. Labor had sought to dump the pamphlet as it prepared arrangements for the referendum, saying it was no longer needed in the "digital age", with parliamentarians able to express their views to voters directly.
  23. ^ Visentin, Lisa (7 March 2023). "Greens, Pocock push for independent fact-checking of Voice referendum pamphlet". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 15 September 2023. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
  24. ^ Allam, Lorena; Butler, Josh; Evershed, Nick; Ball, Andy. "The no pamphlet: campaign's voice to parliament referendum essay – annotated and factchecked". the Guardian. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
  25. ^ "Voice pamphlet's convention claim misleads". Australian Associated Press. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
  26. ^ Mundine, Nyunggai Warren (15 February 2023). "Media shouldn't be asked to gaslight Voice opponents". Australian Financial Review. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
  27. ^ Cockburn, Paige (18 July 2023). "Voice to Parliament referendum pamphlets for Yes and No camps published by AEC". ABC News. Archived from the original on 16 September 2023. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
  28. ^ "Voice to parliament referendum Yes and No pamphlets published today". 9news.com.au. 18 July 2023. Archived from the original on 16 September 2023. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
  29. ^ "Printing of Voice referendum pamphlets outlining Yes and No arguments begins". ABC News. 11 August 2023. Archived from the original on 16 September 2023. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
  30. ^ "2023 referendum timetable". aec.gov.au. Archived from the original on 18 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  31. ^ "Notification of Particulars of Writ for Referendum". legislation.aus.gov.au. 11 September 2023. Archived from the original on 18 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  32. ^ "Largest enrolment in history ahead of 2023 referendum". aec.gov.au. 21 September 2023.
  33. ^ "Public Holidays in NSW". NSW Industrial Relations. 21 October 2019. Archived from the original on 12 May 2023. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
  34. ^ "SA Public Holidays – Current, Past & Future Holiday Dates". SA Public Holidays. Archived from the original on 29 September 2023. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
  35. ^ "Public holidays | Public, school and show holidays". www.qld.gov.au. Archived from the original on 25 July 2017. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
  36. ^ "Australian Electoral Commission". Australian Electoral Commission. Archived from the original on 24 September 2023. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
  37. ^ "Writ for the 2023 referendum returned today". aec.gov.au. 6 November 2023.
  38. ^ a b "Voice principles released". Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice. Australian Government. 24 March 2023. Archived from the original on 24 March 2023.
  39. ^ a b Albanese, Anthony. "Press Conference – Parliament House: Transcript". Prime Minister of Australia. Retrieved 24 March 2023.   This article incorporates text from this source, which is available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
  40. ^ Australian Government (June 2023). "Design Principles of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice" (PDF). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 August 2023. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
  41. ^ First Nations Referendum Working Group (3 April 2023). "Design Principles of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice". Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice. National Indigenous Australians Agency. Archived from the original on 4 September 2023.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
  42. ^ "Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders". Centre Alliance. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  43. ^ "Ethnic voters loom as crucial to success of Voice vote". Australian Financial Review. 23 January 2023. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  44. ^ "Greens to back Voice". Australian Greens. 6 February 2023. Archived from the original on 16 March 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  45. ^ Puglisi, Leonardo (28 September 2023). "Greens First Nations Network calls on party members to vote No or abstain in Voice referendum". 6 News Australia. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
  46. ^ Clarke, Harry (30 November 2022). "Bob Katter weighs in on proposed Voice to Parliament". Country Caller. Archived from the original on 3 March 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  47. ^ "Katter's Australian Party has announced its MPs will not support the Indigenous Voice to Parliament". 17 February 2023. Archived from the original on 28 February 2023. Retrieved 19 April 2023 – via Facebook.
  48. ^ "Explanation of voice can be improved, Qld premier says". The Canberra Times. Archived from the original on 5 April 2023. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
  49. ^ Ransley, Ellen; Gould, Courtney (31 July 2022). "'It will fail': Lambie's message to Albo". news.com.au. Archived from the original on 2 August 2022. Retrieved 16 April 2023.
  50. ^ Evans, Lauren (29 May 2023). "Jacqui Lambie confirms she won't block Voice vote as she argues Labor can surely 'walk and chew gum at the same time'". Sky News Australia. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
  51. ^ "Australians think the Voice is 'too bloody hard': Jacqui Lambie". The Australian. 7 August 2023.
  52. ^ "Federal Liberal ranks split on Voice to Parliament". National Indigenous Times. 3 January 2023. Archived from the original on 6 February 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  53. ^ Hitch, Georgia (5 April 2023). "Liberal Party confirms it will oppose the Indigenous Voice to Parliament". ABC News. Archived from the original on 15 April 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2023.
  54. ^ "Peter Dutton confirms Liberals will oppose Indigenous voice to parliament". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 6 April 2023. Retrieved 6 April 2023.
  55. ^ Lisa Visentin; Paul Sakkal; Natassia Chrysanthos; Angus Thompson (11 April 2023). "'I believe the time for the Voice has come': Shadow attorney-general Julian Leeser resigns from opposition frontbench". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 11 April 2023. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  56. ^ a b "NSW Nationals announce their support for an Indigenous Voice to Parliament" (audio). SBS News (in Tamil). Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  57. ^ Landsey, Amy (29 November 2022). "Split emerges within Nationals over Indigenous Voice". Sky News Australia. Archived from the original on 11 February 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  58. ^ a b c d Opray, Max (6 April 2023). "Liberals rebel on Voice stance". The Saturday Paper. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 6 April 2023.
  59. ^ "Aboriginal Voice to Parliament". Pauline Hanson's One Nation. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  60. ^ "If you don't know, VOTE NO". United Australia Party. 25 July 2023. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
  61. ^ "First Nations". Animal Justice Party Australia. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  62. ^ "Standing with First Nations – our plan". Australian Democrats. 10 May 2022. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  63. ^ "The Voice Referendum: Consider the facts". Australian Christians Party. 14 September 2023. Archived from the original on 29 September 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
  64. ^ "Jesus, the real HOPE of the world (and Australia's Parliament) – Australian Christians". australianchristians.org.au. 12 December 2022. Archived from the original on 28 March 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  65. ^ Pavlou, Drew. "Just consulted the board – big support". Twitter. Archived from the original on 21 October 2023. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  66. ^ "Fair + Inclusive Society". Fusion Party. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
  67. ^ "The Indigenous-Aboriginal Party of Australia supports "The Uluru Statement from the Heart"". 13 April 2023. Archived from the original on 13 April 2023. Retrieved 13 April 2023.
  68. ^ "Hansard details | Parliament of Victoria". Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
  69. ^ "Silence an Indigenous Voice, LibDems say". Liberal Democrats (Press release). 5 September 2022. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  70. ^ "First Nations Self Determination". Reason Australia. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  71. ^ "Voice to Parliament has to be more than a token gesture | Socialist Alliance". socialist-alliance.org. 19 January 2023. Archived from the original on 19 May 2023. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
  72. ^ Socialist Alliance National Council (11 September 2023). "Socialist Alliance position on the Voice". Socialist Alliance. Archived from the original on 10 October 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  73. ^ "Support a stronger and equal voice for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians in our democracy". 20 April 2023. Archived from the original on 4 June 2023. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
  74. ^ "We will adopt the Uluru Statement from the Heart and initiate a voice to parliament". 13 April 2023. Archived from the original on 3 March 2023. Retrieved 13 April 2023.
  75. ^ "Victorian Socialists encourages its members and supporters to vote 'yes' in the 14 October referendum on establishing an Indigenous Voice to Parliament". Twitter. 5 September 2023. Archived from the original on 29 September 2023. Retrieved 5 September 2023.
  76. ^ Western Australia Party (9 May 2023). "First Nation's People have a voice! ..." Archived from the original on 6 October 2023. Retrieved 19 June 2023 – via Facebook.
  77. ^ Western Australia Party (8 April 2023). "Say no to the Voice..." Archived from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved 19 June 2023 – via Facebook.
  78. ^ Western Australia Party (6 April 2023). "It's OK to say No..." Facebook. Archived from the original on 6 October 2023. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
  79. ^ "Split in Nationals over Indigenous Voice to Parliament as Andrew Gee breaks ranks". ABC News (Australia). 30 November 2022. Archived from the original on 16 April 2023. Retrieved 17 April 2023.|
  80. ^ Masters, Rebecca (28 November 2022). "Nationals will oppose Indigenous Voice to Parliament". Nine News. Archived from the original on 28 November 2022. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
  81. ^ a b "Western Australia National Party split from federal counterparts over support for Indigenous Voice to Parliament". Sky News Australia. 29 November 2022. Archived from the original on 6 February 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  82. ^ a b "West Australian National Party breaks ranks over Indigenous Voice to Parliament". ABC News (Australia). 29 November 2022. Archived from the original on 5 April 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  83. ^ a b "Should be above politics': Liberal leaders Dominic Perrottet and Peter Dutton divided as National Cabinet signs on to support Voice to Parliament". Sky News Australia. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  84. ^ a b Sorensen, Hayley (10 August 2023). "'Why I can't vote Yes': Mettam reveals why she changed mind". The West Australian. Perth: Seven West Media. Archived from the original on 11 August 2023. Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  85. ^ "Peter Dutton pledges to hold second referendum if Voice vote fails". 9News. 3 September 2023. Archived from the original on 15 September 2023. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
  86. ^ "Former MP Ken Wyatt quits Liberals after party decides not to back Voice". ABC News. 6 April 2023. Archived from the original on 6 April 2023. Retrieved 6 April 2023.
  87. ^ Karp, Paul (11 April 2023). "Julian Leeser resigns from shadow cabinet over Liberals' voice stance". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 11 April 2023. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  88. ^ Meacham, Savannah (11 April 2023). "Julian Leeser quits Liberal frontbench to support Voice to parliament" (video + text). Nine News. Archived from the original on 11 April 2023. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  89. ^ a b "NSW Opposition Leader Mark Speakman throws personal support behind the Voice referendum – ABC News". Archived from the original on 13 August 2023. Retrieved 13 August 2023.
  90. ^ "Liberal leaders remain divided on Indigenous voice vote". 13 August 2023. Archived from the original on 13 August 2023. Retrieved 13 August 2023.
  91. ^ "Liberals for Yes". Liberals for Yes. 2 September 2023. Archived from the original on 13 August 2023. Retrieved 13 August 2023.
  92. ^ a b Smethurst, Annika (4 September 2023). "Victorian Opposition Leader John Pesutto to vote No on Indigenous Voice". The Age. Archived from the original on 4 September 2023. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
  93. ^ a b "Voice to parliament: Yes campaign's only public backer in Victorian Liberals is Jess Wilson". amp.theage.com.au. Archived from the original on 13 August 2023. Retrieved 13 August 2023.
  94. ^ "Canberra Libs to have free vote on the Voice". Canberra CityNews. 16 March 2023. Archived from the original on 1 September 2023. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
  95. ^ Maley, Jacqueline (3 June 2023). "It's OK to vote Yes: Meet the Liberals campaigning for the Voice". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 10 June 2023. Retrieved 13 August 2023.
  96. ^ French, Ethan (19 April 2023). "Canberra Liberals MLA Mark Parton says he will vote yes to an Indigenous Voice to Parliament, putting him at odds with party colleague". ABC News (Australia). Archived from the original on 19 April 2023. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
  97. ^ Morgan, Thomas (19 February 2023). "Rank-and-file of NT's Country Liberal Party support motions backing No campaign of Voice to Parliament". ABC News (Australia). Archived from the original on 18 April 2023. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
  98. ^ Cunningham, Matt (18 February 2023). "Country Liberal Party to oppose Voice". Sky News Australia. Archived from the original on 28 March 2023. Retrieved 7 June 2023.
  99. ^ "CLP's internal division on Voice to Parliament". NT News.
  100. ^ "After a dramatic resignation, Jacinta Price says the NT Country Liberal Party is united against the Voice". ABC News. 13 March 2023. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  101. ^ "'Canberra-based body' won't represent Aboriginal Territorians: NT Opp leader". Sky News Australia. 22 August 2023. Archived from the original on 23 August 2023. Retrieved 23 August 2023.
  102. ^ Gillespie, Eden (13 April 2023). "Queensland premier calls for clear LNP position on voice". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  103. ^ "Crisafulli won't reveal position on Voice to Parliament". Courier Mail. News Corp. 5 April 2023. Archived from the original on 12 April 2023. Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  104. ^ "Voice to parliament: Qld LNP leader David Crisafulli to vote no but allow MPs freedom". Brisbane Times. 31 May 2023. Archived from the original on 1 June 2023. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
  105. ^ a b Costin, Luke (10 May 2023). "NSW coalition MPs free to campaign yes or no to voice". South Coast Register. Archived from the original on 19 June 2023. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
  106. ^ "South Australian Liberals to oppose state First Nations Voice to Parliament proposal". ABC News (Australia). 21 February 2023. Archived from the original on 17 April 2023. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  107. ^ "SA Liberals will hold no stance on federal Indigenous Voice". The Advertiser. SA Opposition leader David Speirs says it is up to individual Australians to make their own decision in voting yes or no for a national Indigenous Voice to parliament at a referendum later this year.
  108. ^ Walter, Riley (27 July 2023). "SA Libs reveal stance on Voice to Parliament". adelaidenow. Retrieved 3 October 2023.(subscription required)
  109. ^ "SA Liberals to oppose voice ahead of referendum". 28 July 2023. Archived from the original on 1 September 2023. Retrieved 24 August 2023.
  110. ^ "South Australian Liberal Party opposes national Voi... | NIT". Archived from the original on 24 August 2023. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
  111. ^ "We Support Real Change, say No to The Voice". SA Nationals. 5 April 2023. Archived from the original on 20 April 2023. Retrieved 19 April 2023 – via Facebook.
  112. ^ McCubbing, Gus (12 February 2023). "Victorian Liberals question Voice after listening to their 'gut'". Australian Financial Review. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 13 April 2023.
  113. ^ Oakes, Dan (2 May 2023). "Victorian Liberal MPs to have free vote in Indigenous Voice to Parliament referendum". ABC News (Australia). Archived from the original on 18 June 2023. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
  114. ^ Smethurst, Annika (12 August 2023). "The sole Victorian Liberal MP publicly backing the Voice". The Age. Archived from the original on 24 September 2023. Retrieved 17 September 2023.
  115. ^ "Victorian Nationals back federal party's stance on Indigenous Voice to Parliament". ABC News. 29 November 2022. Archived from the original on 15 April 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2023.
  116. ^ "Voice Backflip: WA Nats withdraw referendum support". 26 August 2023. Archived from the original on 26 August 2023. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
  117. ^ "Inclusive communities". Kate Chaney. Archived from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  118. ^ "Zoe Daniel Recognition for First Nations Australians". Zoe Daniel. Archived from the original on 7 September 2023. Retrieved 7 September 2023.
  119. ^ Karp, Paul (23 December 2022). "Nationals MP Andrew Gee quits party citing its opposition to Indigenous voice". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  120. ^ "David Littleproud says Andrew Gee didn't quit the Nationals because of Voice". news.com.au. Archived from the original on 29 January 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  121. ^ "Where I stand on..." Helen Haines MP – Independent Federal Member for Indi. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  122. ^ "Senator Pocock's First Speech". David Pocock. Archived from the original on 25 March 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  123. ^ "Policy Priorities". Dr Monique Ryan for Kooyong. Archived from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  124. ^ "Dr Sophie Scamps' first speech in Parliament". Dr Sophie Scamps. Archived from the original on 24 March 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  125. ^ "Other Policies". Allegra Spender. Archived from the original on 3 March 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  126. ^ "Where does Zali stand on..." Zali Steggall. Archived from the original on 24 March 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  127. ^ "'On the table': Greens want treaty before backing Voice to Parliament". The Canberra Times. 9 August 2022. Archived from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  128. ^ Butler, Dan (7 February 2023). "'I am here for a reason': defiant Lidia Thorpe says she will stay put to pursue Treaty and Sovereignty". NITV. Archived from the original on 17 May 2023. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
  129. ^ Revell, Jack (10 February 2023). "What Is the Blak Sovereign Movement Lidia Thorpe Wants to Lead?". The Latch. Archived from the original on 17 May 2023. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
  130. ^ Murphy-Oates, Laura; Karp, Paul; Herbert, Miles; Koning, Joe (14 February 2023). "Lidia Thorpe on Blak sovereignty and leaving the Greens" (podcast). The Guardian. Archived from the original on 17 May 2023. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
  131. ^ "What is 'black sovereignty' and how does it conflict with the Voice?". ABC News. 6 February 2023. Archived from the original on 1 April 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  132. ^ Butler, Josh (19 June 2023). "Historic Indigenous voice referendum bill passes parliament ahead of public vote". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 19 June 2023. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
  133. ^ Sakkal, Paul; Visentin, Lisa (6 February 2023). "Lidia Thorpe splits from Greens on Voice to parliament". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 6 February 2023. Retrieved 3 April 2023.
  134. ^ "Lidia Thorpe sets Voice terms, Ken Wyatt rejects 'offensive' Indigenous identity check". SBS News. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 3 April 2023.
  135. ^ Visentin, Lisa (27 May 2023). "Thorpe says she won't lead progressive No campaign against the Voice". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 27 May 2023. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  136. ^ Morse, Dana (20 June 2023). "Lidia Thorpe announces she will be backing No campaign against Indigenous Voice". ABC News. Archived from the original on 20 June 2023. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
  137. ^ "Constitution Alteration (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice) 2023". www.aph.gov.au. Parliament House, Canberra: Commonwealth Parliament. Archived from the original on 19 June 2023. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
  138. ^ Butler, Josh; Allam, Lorena (19 June 2023). "Tensions arise as Lidia Thorpe and Pauline Hanson vie to contribute to voice pamphlet". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 20 June 2023. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
  139. ^ Massola, James (20 July 2023). "Blak Sovereign Movement blasts Yes and No camps, dismisses Voice as 'cheap window dressing'". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 22 July 2023. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  140. ^ Iveson, Sarah (20 January 2023). "Teal backs voice, even if it fails referendum". The Australian. Archived from the original on 19 April 2023. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
  141. ^ "Every party's stance on the Voice to Parliament – and those who have split on the issue". 6 News Australia. Archived from the original on 19 April 2023. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
  142. ^ "Andrew in Parliament on Indigenous Land Rights, Closing the Gap & the Uluru Statement from the Heart". Andrew Wilkie. 17 October 2021. Archived from the original on 17 May 2023. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
  143. ^ "Labor must not betray Indigenous voters by delaying voice to parliament, Keating and Pearson say". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 22 April 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  144. ^ "Prime Minister hits back at John Howard, warning Indigenous Voice could be 'coercive' and divisive". The West Australian. 18 August 2022. Archived from the original on 16 April 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2023.
  145. ^ "'Why are we doing this to ourselves?' John Howard sees Indigenous voice to parliament as cockpit of conflict". The Australian. 25 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  146. ^ "Kevin Rudd says Tony Abbott is wrong on the Voice to parliament". The Sydney Morning Herald. 5 August 2022. Archived from the original on 22 April 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  147. ^ "Beyond Blue chair and former prime minister Julia Gillard has announced the national mental health organisation will "wholeheartedly" support the Yes vote for an Indigenous Voice to Parliament". abc.net.au. 30 May 2023. Archived from the original on 30 May 2023. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  148. ^ "Voice to Parliament wrong in principle, bad in practice: Tony Abbott". Sky News Australia. 23 December 2022. Archived from the original on 11 February 2023. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
  149. ^ "Tony Abbott accuses tech of censoring 'no' campaign". Sky News Australia. 4 January 2023. Archived from the original on 11 February 2023. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
  150. ^ "Tony Abbott tells CPAC an Indigenous voice to parliament would promote 'discrimination'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 1 September 2023. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
  151. ^ Malcolm Turnbull (15 August 2022). "I will be voting yes to establish an Indigenous voice to parliament". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 16 August 2022. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
  152. ^ Wiles, Paul (18 February 2022). "PM Scott Morrison shares his version of the "Voice to Parliament." Mparntwe Alice Springs, February 18 – 2022". Archived from the original on 10 March 2023. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
  153. ^ "Election 2022: Scott Morrison rules out referendum on Indigenous Voice if re-elected". Sydney Morning Herald. 2 May 2022. Archived from the original on 25 July 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  154. ^ "Morrison vetoes enshrining Indigenous voice in constitution". Crikey. 12 July 2019. Archived from the original on 15 April 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2023.
  155. ^ "Voice referendum: Voting Yes is not only right, it's about honouring our promise".
  156. ^ a b "What newspapers say about the Voice to parliament". 13 October 2023.
  157. ^ "Australians must vote No". 30 August 2023.
  158. ^ "The Voice referendum is nothing to be afraid of. Vote Yes".
  159. ^ a b Pelly, Michael; McIlroy, Tom (3 March 2023). "Indigenous Voice to Parliament splits Australian High Court judges". Australian Financial Review. Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  160. ^ Credlin, Peta (13 March 2023). "Barristers battle over Voice proposal amid racism claims [Opinion]". Sky News. Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  161. ^ Butler, Josh (24 March 2023). "Indigenous voice a 'safe and sensible' legal option that will not impede parliament, experts say". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  162. ^ Visentin, Lisa (28 February 2023). "Indigenous Voice to Parliament: Mark Dreyfus dismisses High Court concerns". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  163. ^ Legal experts worry the words 'executive government' could lead to Voice referendum court battles; abc.net.au, 24 March, 2023
  164. ^ a b Worthington, Brett (16 April 2023). "Legal experts weigh in on the Voice's two most controversial words: 'executive government'". ABC News. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  165. ^ Pearson, Noel (10 September 2023). "Cape York Leader Noel Pearson". Insiders (video). Interviewed by David Speers. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. at 11 minutes. The words Executive Government were in there and by the way, let me just explain the importance of the Executive Government bit. It's like, yes, you want to be able to talk to Jim Hacker on Yes Minister, but if you're not talking to Humphrey, Sir Humphrey, you're going to get nowhere. You've got to talk to the bureaucrats. They're the ones who affect our lives. And so having a voice to the bureaucrats, to the Executive Government is extremely important.
  166. ^ Lesser, Julian (3 April 2023). "Address to the National Press Club". Julian Lesser.
  167. ^ Liberal Party to discuss Voice to Parliament position at party room meeting this week; abc.net.au, 3 April 2023
  168. ^ Karp, Paul (11 April 2023). "Julian Leeser resigns from shadow cabinet over Liberals' voice stance". The Guardian Australia.
  169. ^ Jackson, David (11 April 2023). "Inquiry into the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice Referendum: Submission 31". Parliament of Australia.
  170. ^ Hasluck, Nicholas (16 April 2023). "Inquiry into the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice Referendum: Submission 56". Parliament of Australia.
  171. ^ "'Wrong in principle': Top jurist the latest leader to slam voice to parliament". news.com.au. News Corp Australia. 26 April 2023.
  172. ^ a b c Clegg, Louise (5 May 2023). "The Voice is an undercooked thought experiment". Australian Financial Review. Nine Entertainment. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
  173. ^ Callinan, Ian (20 April 2023). "Inquiry into the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice Referendum: Submission 71". Australian Parliament.
  174. ^ Aroney, Nicholas; Gerangelos, Peter. "Submission to the Joint Select Committee on the Aboriginal and torres Strait islander Voice Referendum". Australian Parliament House. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
  175. ^ Aroney, Nicholas; Congdon, Peter (2 October 2023). "The Voice Referendum and the Federal Division of Powers: A New Head of Commonwealth Legislative Power to Implement the Voice's Representations?". SSRN. doi:10.2139/ssrn.4589764. S2CID 264906774. SSRN 4589764. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  176. ^ Albrechtsen, Janet (7 October 2023). "Indigenous voice to parliament: The legal analysis the Yes camp won't want you to read". The Australian. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  177. ^ Albrechtson, Janet; Taylor, Paige; Down, Rhiannon (7 October 2023). "Indigenous voice to parliament: Laws pose threat to powers of the states". The Australian. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  178. ^ Hannaford, Patrick (2 May 2023). "A submission about implications of the Voice to Parliament by two 'well-respected' legal experts has been labelled 'terrifying'". Sky News Australia. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
  179. ^ "Constitutional Expert Group". The Voice. Australian Government. 9 August 2022. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
  180. ^ Thomas, Sonam (16 April 2023). "The Voice and the High Court challenge: analysis of a misrepresented legal debate". RMIT University. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
  181. ^ Hobbs, Harry (18 July 2023). "Solicitor-general confirms Voice model is legally sound, will not 'fetter or impede' parliament". The Conversation. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
  182. ^ Butler, Josh (21 April 2023). "PM says solicitor general's advice on Indigenous voice refutes 'absolute nonsense' from Dutton and Joyce". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 24 April 2023.
  183. ^ Chwasta, Madi (6 October 2023). "More than 70 university law professors say Voice 'not constitutionally risky' in letter to Australian public". ABC News. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
  184. ^ "A letter from public law teachers about The Voice" – via DocumentCloud.
  185. ^ Karp, Paul (5 October 2023). "Former chief justice slams no campaign's core argument against voice as 'resentful'". The Guardian. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
  186. ^ "Retired Australian top judge and lawyers rebut opponents of Indigenous Voice". Associated Press. 6 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
  187. ^ Ransley, Ellen (6 October 2023). "Aussies 'better than' No campaign slogan". news.com.au. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
  188. ^ Pelly, Michael (5 October 2023). "Voice to parliament: Robert French, former chief justice, lashes No campaign". Australian Financial Review. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
  189. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Allam, Lorena; Butler, Josh (20 February 2023). "Voice referendum: who's behind the yes and no campaigns and how do they plan to convince Australia?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 15 April 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2023.
  190. ^ Dennien, Matt (17 September 2023). "'Voting with us, not for us': Thousands of Voice supporters march in Brisbane". Brisbane Times. Archived from the original on 18 September 2023. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
  191. ^ Gordon, Sean (12 June 2023). "Sean Gordon to co-lead Liberals for Yes campaign" (audio + text). ABC Listen (Interview). Interviewed by Park, Andy. Archived from the original on 22 September 2023. Retrieved 22 September 2023.
  192. ^ a b Gordon, Sean (15 September 2023). "A voice will make right this country's history of division. Will Australians slap away our outstretched hand?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 20 September 2023. Retrieved 22 September 2023.
  193. ^ "Raised on Brewarrina Mission, Sean Gordon is the latest addition to the Order of Australia". NITV. 11 June 2023. Archived from the original on 29 September 2023. Retrieved 22 September 2023.
  194. ^ "About". Yes23. Archived from the original on 14 June 2023. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
  195. ^ "One Journey, Together". Archived from the original on 7 September 2023. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
  196. ^ "Voice would 'lift quality of life for everybody'". PerthNow. 9 April 2023. Archived from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  197. ^ "The Voice is not enough: vote now". Facebook. Archived from the original on 2 June 2023. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
  198. ^ Crowe, David (15 September 2023). "Revealed: The elite money behind the No campaign". Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 26 September 2023. Retrieved 21 February 2024.
  199. ^ Campbell, David (2 June 2023). "No campaign accused of misrepresenting First Nations commentators in youth-targeted advertisements". ABC News (Australia). Archived from the original on 1 June 2023. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
  200. ^ "Referendum News". Facebook. Archived from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
  201. ^ Wilson, Cam (22 May 2023). "Anti-Voice 'news' Facebook page is run by the No camp, but you wouldn't know it". Crikey. Archived from the original on 2 June 2023. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
  202. ^ Walker, Jeremy (30 September 2023). "Silencing the Voice: the Fossil-fuelled Atlas Network's Campaign against Constitutional Recognition of Indigenous Australia". Cosmopolitan Civil Societies. 15 (2): 105-125. doi:10.5130/ccs.v15.i2.8813. Retrieved 20 February 2024 – via UTS ePRESS.
  203. ^ Williams, David (2 November 2023). "Chiding in plain sight, Part II". Newsroom. Archived from the original on 4 February 2024. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
  204. ^ Grattan, Michelle (30 January 2023). "Former deputy prime minister John Anderson joins group spearheading "no" campaign on the Voice". The Conversation. Archived from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  205. ^ "Home". Recognise a Better Way. Archived from the original on 13 April 2023. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  206. ^ "Jacinta Price quits "no" campaign group". The Klaxon. 19 September 2023. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
  207. ^ "Home". Blak Sovereign Movement. Archived from the original on 7 September 2023. Retrieved 7 September 2023.
  208. ^ Canales, Sarah Basford (16 August 2023). "Lidia Thorpe says voice referendum should be called off and attacks 'powerless advisory body'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 September 2023. Retrieved 7 September 2023.
  209. ^ "Get ready for a conversation about the Voice". The Voice. Australian Government. 22 May 2022. Archived from the original on 6 October 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  210. ^ "Be ready to vote – 14 October 2023". The Voice. Australian Government. Archived from the original on 5 October 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  211. ^ "Your Answer Matters – AEC launches 2023 referendum advertising campaign". Australian Electoral Commission. 19 August 2023. Archived from the original on 5 October 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  212. ^ Sutton-Brady, Catherine; Laer, Tom van (2 August 2023). "Fear vs pride: how do the Voice to Parliament ads try to influence voters? And is it effective?". The Conversation. Archived from the original on 6 October 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  213. ^ Briggs, Casey (24 June 2023). "What social media ads and polling tells us about the Voice to Parliament referendum campaign strategies so far". ABC News. Archived from the original on 5 October 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  214. ^ Visentin, Lisa (3 September 2023). "John Farnham backs Voice, permits his anthem to front Yes campaign ad". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 3 September 2023. Retrieved 3 September 2023.
  215. ^ Yu, Andi (3 September 2023). "John Farnham's hit song 'You're the Voice' the official soundtrack for the 2023 referendum Yes campaign". ABC News. Australia. Archived from the original on 3 September 2023. Retrieved 3 September 2023.
  216. ^ Carson, Andrea; Grömping, Max; Jackman, Simon (4 October 2023). "Voice referendum: is the 'yes' or 'no' camp winning on social media, advertising spend and in the polls?". The Conversation. Archived from the original on 5 October 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  217. ^ Evershed, Nick (28 September 2023). "Voice referendum battlegrounds: digital ad spending surges in South Australia and Tasmania". the Guardian. Archived from the original on 6 October 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  218. ^ Carson, Andrea; Strating, Rebecca; Jackman, Simon (4 October 2023). "The 'no' campaign is dominating the messaging on the Voice referendum on TikTok – here's why". The Conversation. Archived from the original on 5 October 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  219. ^ Muller, Denis (1 May 2023). "Journalists reporting on the Voice to Parliament do voters a disservice with 'he said, she said' approach". The Conversation. Archived from the original on 6 October 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  220. ^ "Australia: news sources 2023". Statista. 14 June 2023. Archived from the original on 6 October 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  221. ^ Lidberg, Johan (2019). "The distortion of the Australian public sphere: Media ownership concentration in Australia". AQ: Australian Quarterly. 90 (1). Australian Institute of Policy and Science: 12–20. ISSN 1443-3605. JSTOR 26563019. Archived from the original on 6 October 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  222. ^ "Australia". Reporters Without Borders. 1 January 2023. Archived from the original on 28 April 2022. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  223. ^ Campbell, David (13 April 2021). "How large is Rupert Murdoch's reach through News Corp in Australian media, old and new?". ABC News. Archived from the original on 6 October 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  224. ^ Tazewell, Charlie (18 July 2020). "Top 4 Australian media outlets based on popularity and viewership". Quilter. Archived from the original on 6 October 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  225. ^ Fielding, Victoria (September 2023). Poisoning the debate: How the Murdoch press is campaigning against the Voice: Interim report: 17 July – 27 August 2023 (PDF) (Report). Murdoch Referendum Accountability Project. Australians for a Murdoch Royal Commission. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 September 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  226. ^ Worthington, Brett (6 July 2023). "No campaign advertisement dubbed 'personal and racist attack' on Voice Yes campaigner Thomas Mayo". ABC News. Archived from the original on 12 August 2023. Retrieved 13 August 2023.
  227. ^ Butler, Josh (6 July 2023). "AFR apologises for running voice no campaign ad featuring 'racist trope'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 9 August 2023. Retrieved 13 August 2023.
  228. ^ Wedesweiler, Madeleine (6 July 2023). "Australian newspaper apologises over 'racist' ad from No campaign". SBS News. Archived from the original on 15 August 2023. Retrieved 13 August 2023.
  229. ^ Barrett, Jonathan (21 July 2023). "Big W ditches in-store announcements that supported Indigenous voice to parliament". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  230. ^ "Big W stops in-store Voice support over customer complaints". 20 July 2023. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  231. ^ "Big W backflips on Indigenous Voice move". 21 July 2023. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  232. ^ Wu, David (4 October 2023). "Yes23 campaign deletes tweet suggesting No voters could put a cross on Voice to Parliament ballot after AEC flagged it would not be counted as a formal vote". Sky News Australia. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  233. ^ "Yes23 warned by AEC on 'potentially misleading' purple signs". 3 October 2023. Archived from the original on 3 October 2023. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
  234. ^ "Yes23 campaign warned over signs which could 'mislead' voters at polling stations". ABC News. 3 October 2023. Archived from the original on 3 October 2023. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
  235. ^ Burns, Brielle (2 October 2023). "Yes camp smashed over 'misleading' Voice act". news.com.au. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
  236. ^ "AEC contacts Yes23 campaign over 'potential confusion' caused by voting centre signs". Sky News Australia. 2 October 2023. Archived from the original on 3 October 2023. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
  237. ^ a b Cheng, Joyce; Dziedzic, Stephen (7 October 2023). "Are Chinese Australians getting both sides of the argument on the Voice?". ABC News. Retrieved 29 April 2024.
  238. ^ a b McIlroy, Tom (28 August 2023). "Trolls, China spreading Voice disinformation". Australian Financial Review. Archived from the original on 20 September 2023. Retrieved 21 September 2023.
  239. ^ Ritchie, Hannah (5 September 2023). "Voice referendum: Lies fuel racism ahead of Australia's Indigenous vote". BBC News. Archived from the original on 27 September 2023. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
  240. ^ Graham, Timothy (8 September 2023). "Understanding Misinformation and Media Manipulation on Twitter During the Voice to Parliament Referendum" (4 ed.). doi:10.31219/osf.io/qu2fb. Archived from the original on 27 September 2023. Retrieved 29 September 2023 – via OSF Preprints.[dead link]
  241. ^ "Meta suspends fact-checker ahead of Voice referendum". National Indigenous Times. 30 August 2023. Archived from the original on 21 September 2023. Retrieved 21 September 2023.
  242. ^ Houghton, Jack (30 August 2023). "ABC embroiled in RMIT foreign-funded fact checking scandal as pressure mounts for review". Sky News Australia. Archived from the original on 18 September 2023. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
  243. ^ Butler, Josh (29 August 2023). "Facebook suspends RMIT FactLab after voice no campaigners criticise factchecker". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 22 September 2023. Retrieved 21 September 2023.
  244. ^ Campbell, David (28 September 2023). "Secret agendas, context-free claims and mistaken identities: these are the key themes in Voice to Parliament misinformation". ABC News. Archived from the original on 4 October 2023. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  245. ^ Kelly, Sean (17 September 2023). "Voice to parliament stirring up 200 years of messy Australian history". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
  246. ^ "Australian PM's hopes for unifying aboriginal referendum dashed as debate turns toxic". The Straits Times. 25 September 2023. Archived from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
  247. ^ Tingle, Laura (6 October 2023). "Voice to parliament: Depressing quality of referendum debate". Australian Financial Review. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
  248. ^ Chung, Frank (14 September 2023). "Yes campaigner Marcia Langton's heated comments resurface after branding No campaign 'racist'". news.com.au.
  249. ^ Butler, Josh (12 September 2023). "Marcia Langton denies criticising no voters, and says media is targeting her". the Guardian. Archived from the original on 6 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
  250. ^ Roberts, Georgia (13 September 2023). "Marcia Langton 'racism' comments thrown into Voice debate during Question Time". ABC News. Archived from the original on 5 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
  251. ^ a b "As vote nears, 'horrific racism' mars Australian Voice referendum campaign — Racism News". Al Jazeera. 6 October 2023. Archived from the original on 6 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
  252. ^ Allam, Lorena (28 September 2023). "The voice debate has been a long fight – and the blows have landed hardest on First Nations people". the Guardian. Archived from the original on 6 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
  253. ^ "No campaigner reveals abuse and threats that led to mental health struggles". Sky News Australia. 23 July 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
  254. ^ a b Martino, Matt (2 August 2023). "Anthony Albanese says surveys show between 80 and 90 per cent of Indigenous Australians support the Voice. Is that correct?". ABC News. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
  255. ^ Rawling, Caitlin (3 October 2023). "More than 900,000 early votes cast in Voice to Parliament referendum in three days — as it happened". ABC News. Archived from the original on 5 October 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  256. ^ "How soon will we know the October 14 Voice to Parliament referendum result?". The Canberra Times. 14 October 2023. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  257. ^ "Australia rejects historic Indigenous referendum". BBC News. 14 October 2023. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  258. ^ "PM says Australia must do better for first peoples as Voice referendum voted down". ABC News. 14 October 2023. Archived from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  259. ^ "Completing the ballot paper". Australian Electoral Commission. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
  260. ^ Antony Green (15 September 2023). "How many Voters mark Referendum Ballot Papers with a Cross? Not many based on evidence". Retrieved 7 November 2023.
  261. ^ Green, Antony (24 October 2023). "The Voice Referendum Results by Vote Type and Electoral Division". Retrieved 7 November 2023.
  262. ^ Beazley, Jordyn (15 October 2023). "Indigenous communities overwhelmingly voted yes to Australia's voice to parliament". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 23 October 2023. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
  263. ^ Bowe, William (16 October 2023). "Crunching the numbers on Indigenous support for the Voice". Crikey. Archived from the original on 24 October 2023. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
  264. ^ Mundine, Nyunggai Warren (24 January 2024). "Change the date but celebrate the day". Australian Financial Review. Nine Entertainment. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
  265. ^ Green, Antony (17 October 2023). "The Most Meaningless Graph I've Ever Drawn". Antony Green's Election Blog.
  266. ^ a b Referendum (Machinery Provisions) Act 1984 (Cth) s 3
  267. ^ Biddle, Nicholas (27 November 2023). "Detailed analysis of the 2023 Voice to Parliament Referendum and related social and political attitudes" (PDF). Australian National University. The ANU Centre for Social Research and Methods. p. iii.
  268. ^ "Voice result reveals more than just Australia's country-city divide". ABC News. 14 October 2023.
  269. ^ DesmosAU. "Voice to Parliament Research: What Drove The No Victory?" (PDF).
  270. ^ "Indigenous yes advocates have called for a week of silence post-referendum". NITV. Archived from the original on 19 October 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  271. ^ Foley, Mike (23 October 2023). "'Shameful victory': Indigenous leaders' bitter lesson from Voice campaign". Brisbane Times. Nine Entertainment. Archived from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  272. ^ [Unknown] (22 October 2023). "Open Letter: Statement for Our People and Country". First Peoples Disability Network Australia. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  273. ^ Canales, Sarah Basford (22 October 2023). "Yes supporters say voice referendum 'unleashed a tsunami of racism'". The Guardian Australia. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 23 October 2023.
  274. ^ Staveley, Patrick (23 October 2023). "'Disgraceful attack on Australia': Warren Mundine tees off on Yes supporters' open letter". Sky News Australia. News Corp. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023.
  275. ^ Menon, Praveen; Jackson, Lewis; Cole, Wayne (15 October 2023). "Australia rejects Indigenous referendum in setback for reconciliation". Reuters.
  276. ^ Hobbs, Harry. "Reconciliation Rejected: Is Constitutional Change Possible after the Voice Referendum in Australia?". ConstitutionNet. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
  277. ^ Langton, Marcia (14 October 2023). "Marcia Langton: 'Whatever the outcome, reconciliation is dead'". The Saturday Paper. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
  278. ^ "As Australians reject the Voice, Marcia Langton declares Reconciliation 'dead'". SBS News. Archived from the original on 19 October 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  279. ^ "This state had the second-highest No vote, so why is it introducing its own Voice?". SBS News. Archived from the original on 19 October 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  280. ^ Gillespie, Eden; Smee, Ben (18 October 2023). "Queensland LNP abandons support for treaty with First Nations people". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 20 October 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  281. ^ McKenna, Kate; Riga, Rachel (18 October 2023). "Queensland Opposition Leader David Crisafulli says Path to Treaty 'will only create further division', retracts support for laws". ABC News. Archived from the original on 20 October 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  282. ^ Lynch, Lydia; McKenna, Michael (18 October 2023). "LNP flips on support for treaty". The Australian. Archived from the original on 18 October 2023.
  283. ^ Kolovos, Benita (20 October 2023). "Victorian Liberals' moderate credentials looking shaky as commitment to treaty wavers". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 23 October 2023. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
  284. ^ Kolovos, Benita; Ore, Adeshola (22 January 2024). "Treaty could make people 'feel more divided', Victorian opposition leader says, as Coalition withdraws support". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
  285. ^ Love, Simon; Roulston, Amy (21 January 2024). "'We don't believe we should proceed with Treaty': Leader of Nationals confirms Coalition U-turn on support for Treaty in Victoria". Sky News Australia. News Corp Australia. Archived from the original on 24 January 2024.
  286. ^ Abbott, Tony (20 October 2023). "Voice defeat delivers opening salvo against identity politics". The Australian. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
  287. ^ Chambers, Geoff; Taylor, Paige (28 September 2024). "Invisible, voices unheard: Yes, PM". The Weekend Australian. News Corp Australia. pp. 1, 8–9.
  288. ^ Grattan, Michelle (3 October 2024). "Grattan on Friday: As the anniversary of the Voice vote nears, the high costs of Albanese's misjudgement are clear". The Conversation.
  289. ^ Chambers, Geoff; Taylor, Paige (29 September 2024). "Jacinta Nampijinpa Price, Warren Mundine hit back at Yes activists for 'blaming others for their failures'". The Australian. News Corp Australia.
  290. ^ Mundine, Nyunggai Warren (16 October 2024). "White demographics did not drive the Voice vote". The Centre for Independent Studies.
edit