2024 Charlotte FC season

The 2024 season was the third season for Charlotte FC in Major League Soccer (MLS), the top flight of professional club soccer in the United States. The team is based in Charlotte, North Carolina, and was established in 2019. They made their MLS debut in the 2022 season. The 2024 season was their first for Charlotte FC under English head coach Dean Smith, who was hired in December 2023 and was the team's third manager.[1]

Charlotte FC
2024 season
Sporting directorZoran Krneta
Head coachDean Smith
StadiumBank of America Stadium
Major League SoccerConference: 5th
Overall: 10th
MLS Cup PlayoffsRound one
Leagues CupGroup stage
← 2023
2025 →

Summary

edit

During the offseason, Charlotte FC were unable to retain Karol Swiderski, their leading goalscorer, along with striker Kamil Jozwiak and defender Guzmán Corujo. The team signed two midfielders and promoted two attacking players from their reserve team, Crown Legacy FC.[2] Charlotte FC began their preseason in January at the Florida International University campus in Miami, where they trained for twelve days. The team then traveled to Indio, California, to play in the Coachella Valley Invitational, a friendly competition with other MLS teams.[3] During five official preseason matches, Charlotte FC had two wins and three draws.[4]

The team hosted New York City FC at Bank of America Stadium to open the regular season on February 24 in front of 62,291 spectators. Charlotte FC won 1–0 with a goal in the eighth minute from defender Adilson Malanda's header on a corner kick; it marked the first time that Charlotte FC had won their opening match of the season.[5] Sixteen-year-old forward Nimfasha Berchimas, a homegrown player for Charlotte FC, entered the match as a substitute and became the ninth-youngest player to play in a regular season MLS match.[6]

Preseason results

edit
Key

  Win   Draw   Loss   Void   Upcoming fixture

January 26 Charlotte FC 3–3 Sporting Kansas City University Park, Florida
11:00 am EST
Report
Stadium: FIU Soccer Stadium
February 3 Los Angeles FC 2–2 Charlotte FC Los Angeles, California
2:00 pm EST
  • Goalscorers not reported
Report Stadium: LAFC Performance Center
Attendance: 0 (closed doors)
Note: Scrimmage divided into four periods of 30 minutes each.
February 7 LA Galaxy 0–3 Charlotte FC Indio, California
2:00 pm EST Report
Stadium: Empire Polo Club
February 10 Charlotte FC 1–0 San Jose Earthquakes Indio, California
2:00 pm EST
Report Stadium: Empire Polo Club
February 17 Minnesota United FC 0–0 Charlotte FC Indio, California
1:00 pm EST Report Stadium: Empire Polo Club

Competitions

edit

Charlotte FC will not participate in the 2024 U.S. Open Cup as part of a compromise agreement reached between MLS and U.S. Soccer to allow MLS Next Pro affiliate teams to instead play in the competition. Crown Legacy FC will enter in the first round of the U.S. Open Cup, while eight other MLS teams will enter in the round of 32.[7]

Major League Soccer

edit

League tables

edit

MLS Eastern Conference table (2024)
Pos Team Pld W L T GF GA GD Pts Qualification
3 FC Cincinnati 34 18 11 5 58 48 +10 59 Qualification for round one
4 Orlando City SC 34 15 12 7 59 50 +9 52
5 Charlotte FC 34 14 11 9 46 37 +9 51
6 New York City FC 34 14 12 8 54 49 +5 50
7 New York Red Bulls 34 11 9 14 55 50 +5 47
Source: MLS
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) total wins; 3) total goal differential; 4) total goals scored; 5) fewer disciplinary points; 6) away goal differential; 7) away goals scored; 8) home goals differential; 9) home goals scored; 10) coin toss (2 clubs tied) or drawing of lots (≥3 clubs tied)
Overall MLS standings table
Pos Team Pld W L T GF GA GD Pts Qualification
9 Orlando City SC (Y) 34 15 12 7 59 50 +9 52 Qualification for the U.S. Open Cup Round of 32[a]
10 Minnesota United FC (Y) 34 15 12 7 58 49 +9 52
11 Charlotte FC (Q) 34 14 11 9 46 37 +9 51
12 Colorado Rapids (Q) 34 15 14 5 61 60 +1 50 Qualification for the CONCACAF Champions Cup Round One[b]
13 New York City FC (Y) 34 14 12 8 54 49 +5 50 Qualification for the U.S. Open Cup Round of 32[a]
Source: MLS
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) total wins; 3) total goal differential; 4) total goals scored; 5) fewer disciplinary points; 6) away goal differential; 7) away goals scored; 8) home goals differential; 9) home goals scored; 10) coin toss (2 clubs tied) or drawing of lots (≥3 clubs tied)
(Q) Qualified for the phase indicated; (Y) Qualified for U.S. Open Cup, may still enter CONCACAF Champions Cup Round of 16 as MLS Cup Winners
Notes:
  1. ^ a b As one of the top eight US teams in the overall table to not qualify for the 2025 CONCACAF Champions Cup
  2. ^ As third place of Leagues Cup

Regular season

edit

The 2024 regular season schedule was released on December 20, 2023. Charlotte FC will play 34 matches—17 at home and 17 on the road—primarily against opponents from the Eastern Conference. The team will play each intra-conference opponent twice and six matches against teams from the Western Conference.[8] The 2024 season marks the first time that Charlotte FC will play against Minnesota United FC and the Portland Timbers.[9] A break in regular season play for the 2024 Leagues Cup begins in mid-July and ends in late August.[8]

February 24 1 Charlotte FC 1–0 New York City FC Charlotte, North Carolina
7:30 pm EST
Report
Stadium: Bank of America Stadium
Attendance: 62,291
Referee: Mario Maric
March 2 2 Vancouver Whitecaps FC 1–1 Charlotte FC Vancouver, British Columbia
7:30 pm EST
Report
Stadium: BC Place
Attendance: 29,624
Referee: Scott Bowman
March 9 3 Toronto FC 1–0 Charlotte FC Toronto, Ontario
2:00 pm EST
Report
Stadium: BMO Field
Attendance: 26,345
Referee: Chris Grabas
March 16 4 Nashville SC 2–1 Charlotte FC Nashville, Tennessee
8:30 pm EDT
Report
Stadium: Geodis Park
Attendance: 28,008
Referee: Esteban Rosano
March 23 5 Charlotte FC 2–0 Columbus Crew Charlotte, North Carolina
7:30 pm EDT
Report
Stadium: Bank of America Stadium
Attendance: 30,104
Referee: Christopher Calderon
March 30 6 Charlotte FC 1–1 FC Cincinnati Charlotte, North Carolina
7:30 pm EDT
Report
Stadium: Bank of America Stadium
Attendance: 30,043
Referee: Rubiel Vazquez
April 6 7 New England Revolution 1–0 Charlotte FC Foxborough, Massachusetts
7:30 pm EDT
Report
Stadium: Gillette Stadium
Attendance: 22,196
Referee: Sergii Boiko
April 13 8 Charlotte FC 3–2 Toronto FC Charlotte, North Carolina
7:30 pm EDT
Report
Stadium: Bank of America Stadium
Attendance: 31,414
Referee: Allen Chapman
April 21 9 Charlotte FC 0–3 Minnesota United FC Charlotte, North Carolina
6:00 pm EDT
Report
Stadium: Bank of America Stadium
Attendance: 27,021
Referee: Pierre-Luc Lauziere
Note: Originally scheduled for April 20 and moved to April 21.[10]
April 27 10 New York City FC 2–1 Charlotte FC New York City, New York
7:30 pm EDT
Report
Stadium: Yankee Stadium
Attendance: 20,119
Referee: Ismir Pekmic
May 4 11 Charlotte FC 2–0 Portland Timbers Charlotte, North Carolina
7:30 pm EDT
Report
Stadium: Bank of America Stadium
Attendance: 27,495
Referee: Malik Badawi
May 11 12 Charlotte FC 1–0 Nashville SC Charlotte, North Carolina
7:30 pm EDT
Report
Stadium: Bank of America Stadium
Attendance: 36,319
Referee: Tori Penso
May 15 13 Chicago Fire FC 0–1 Charlotte FC Chicago, Illinois
8:30 pm EDT
Report
Stadium: Soldier Field
Attendance: 12,806
Referee: Victor Rivas
May 18 14 Charlotte FC 0–0 LA Galaxy Charlotte, North Carolina
7:30 pm EDT
Report
Stadium: Bank of America Stadium
Attendance: 29,099
Referee: Joe Dickerson
May 25 15 Charlotte FC 0–0 Philadelphia Union Charlotte, North Carolina
7:30 pm EDT Report
Stadium: Bank of America Stadium
Attendance: 32,232
Referee: Guido Gonzales, Jr.
May 29 16 New York Red Bulls 3–1 Charlotte FC Harrison, New Jersey
7:30 pm EDT
Report
Stadium: Red Bull Arena
Attendance: 16,516
Referee: Chris Penso
June 2 17 Atlanta United FC 2–3 Charlotte FC Atlanta, Georgia
4:30 pm EDT
Report
Stadium: Mercedes-Benz Stadium
Attendance: 61,209
Referee: Ismir Pekmic
June 15 18 Charlotte FC 1–0 D.C. United Charlotte, North Carolina
7:30 pm EDT
Report
Stadium: Bank of America Stadium
Attendance: 30,468
Referee: Sergii Boiko
June 19 19 Charlotte FC 2–2 Orlando City SC Charlotte, North Carolina
7:30 pm EDT Vargas   12'
Arfield   38'
Bronico   77'
Byrne   90+1'
Report McGuire   27',   63'
Torres   50',   81'
Stadium: Bank of America Stadium
Attendance: 28,301
Referee: Allen Chapman
June 22 20 Philadelphia Union 0–2 Charlotte FC Chester, Pennsylvania
7:30 pm EDT Report Agyemang   56', 63'
Bender   68'
Diani   87'
Westwood   90+9'
Stadium: Subaru Park
Attendance: 18,762
Referee: Alexis Da Silva
June 29 21 Houston Dynamo FC 1–0 Charlotte FC Houston, Texas
8:30 pm EDT Aliyu   5'
Escobar   69'
Report Diani   27' Stadium: Shell Energy Stadium
Attendance: 15,321
Referee: Pierre-Luc Lauziere
July 3 22 Charlotte FC 1–2 Inter Miami CF Charlotte, North Carolina
7:30 pm EDT Agyemang   41',   45+2'   90+6' Report Kryvtsov   21'
Taylor   30'
Gómez   53'
Avilés   67'
Cremaschi   86'
Alba   90+3'
Stadium: Bank of America Stadium
Attendance: 47,218
Referee: Rubiel Vazquez
July 13 23 FC Cincinnati 1–3 Charlotte FC Cincinnati, Ohio
7:30 pm EDT Acosta   45+1',   87'
Robinson   59'   72'
Report Diani   3'
Tavares   20'
Abada   22'
Westwood   45+4'
Malanda   47'
Byrne   54'
Vargas   66'
Smalls   90+8'
Stadium: TQL Stadium
Attendance: 25,513
Referee: Guido Gonzales, Jr.
July 17 24 Columbus Crew 1–1 Charlotte FC Columbus, Ohio
7:30 pm EDT Hernández   31'
Zawadzki   57'
Report Agyemang   84'
Petković   89'
Byrne   90+4'
Stadium: Lower.com Field
Attendance: 20,793
Referee: Victor Rivas
July 20 25 Austin FC 2–2 Charlotte FC Austin, Texas
8:30 pm EDT
Report
Stadium: Q2 Stadium
Attendance: 20,738
Referee: Jon Freemon
August 24 26 Charlotte FC 1–1 New York Red Bulls Charlotte, North Carolina
7:30 pm EDT
Report
Stadium: Bank of America Stadium
Attendance: 31,320
Referee: Drew Fischer
August 31 27 Charlotte FC 0–1 Atlanta United FC Charlotte, North Carolina
7:30 pm EDT Report
Stadium: Bank of America Stadium
Referee: Alexis Da Silva
September 14 28 CF Montréal 2–1 Charlotte FC Montreal, Quebec
7:30 pm EDT
Report
Stadium: Saputo Stadium
Attendance: 19,619
Referee: Rubiel Vazquez
September 18 29 Orlando City SC 2–0 Charlotte FC Orlando, Florida
8:00 pm EDT
Report
Stadium: Inter&Co Stadium
Attendance: 22,902
Referee: Marcos DeOliveira II
September 21 30 Charlotte FC 4–0 New England Revolution Charlotte, North Carolina
7:30 pm EDT
Report
Stadium: Bank of America Stadium
Referee: Mark Allatin
September 28 31 Inter Miami CF 1–1 Charlotte FC Fort Lauderdale, Florida
7:30 pm EDT
Report
Stadium: Chase Stadium
Attendance: 21,374
Referee: Ramy Touchan
October 2 32 Charlotte FC 4–3 Chicago Fire FC Charlotte, North Carolina
7:30 pm EDT
Report
Stadium: Bank of America Stadium
Attendance: 26,899
Referee: Sergii Boiko
October 5 33 Charlotte FC 2–0 CF Montréal Charlotte, North Carolina
7:30 pm EDT
Report
Stadium: Bank of America Stadium
Attendance: 38,259
Referee: Victor Rivas
October 19 34 D.C. United 0–3 Charlotte FC Washington, D.C.
7:30 pm EDT
Report
Stadium: Audi Field
Referee: Jair Marrufo

MLS Cup playoffs

edit

Round One

edit
October 28 First leg Orlando City SC 2–0 Charlotte FC Orlando, Florida
7:30 pm EDT
Report
Stadium: Inter&Co Stadium
Attendance: 17,787
Referee: Drew Fischer
November 1 Second leg Charlotte FC 0–0
(3–1 p)
Orlando City SC Charlotte, North Carolina
7:30 pm EDT
Report
Stadium: Bank of America Stadium
Attendance: 40,238
Referee: Guido Gonzales Jr.
Penalties
November 9 Third leg Orlando City SC 1–1
(4–1 p)
Charlotte FC Orlando, Florida
6:00 pm EST
Report
Stadium: Inter&Co Stadium
Attendance: 20,021
Referee: Ismir Pekmic
Penalties
Note: Orlando City SC won the series 2–1.

Leagues Cup

edit

The 2024 Leagues Cup was the second edition to feature all MLS and Liga MX teams during the month-long pause in the regular season from July to August. Charlotte FC was drawn into the East 4 group alongside the Philadelphia Union and Cruz Azul of Liga MX.[11]

Group stage

edit

Pos Team Pld W PW PL L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1   Philadelphia Union 2 1 0 1 0 2 1 +1 4 Advance to knockout stage
2   Cruz Azul 2 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 3
3   Charlotte FC 2 0 1 0 1 0 1 −1 2
Source: Leagues Cup
Rules for classification: Tiebreakers
July 27 Group Stage Philadelphia Union   1–0   Charlotte FC Chester, Pennsylvania
8:00 pm EDT
Report
Stadium: Subaru Park
Attendance: 18,514
Referee: Marco Ortiz
July 31 Group Stage Charlotte FC   0–0
(4–2 p)
  Cruz Azul Charlotte, North Carolina
8:00 pm EDT
Report
Stadium: Bank of America Stadium
Attendance: 13,367
Referee: Bryan Lopez
Penalties

Players

edit

For the 2024 season, Charlotte FC were permitted a maximum of 30 signed players on the first team, of which 10 roster positions were designated for supplemental and reserve players.[12] A base salary cap of $5.47 million applied to the non-supplemental players with exceptions for certain categories, including up to three Designated Players who counted for a set amount in the cap.[12]

Roster

edit
As of October 2024[13]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
1 GK   CRO Kristijan Kahlina
3 DF   USA Tim Ream
6 DF   NZL Bill Tuiloma
7 FW   ENG Jamie Paterson
8 MF   ENG Ashley Westwood (captain)
9 FW   POL Karol Świderski (DP)
9 FW   ARG Enzo Copetti (DP)
10 MF   ESP Pep Biel (DP; on loan from Olympiacos)
10 MF   BEL Brecht Dejaegere
11 FW   ISR Liel Abada (DP)
13 MF   USA Brandt Bronico
14 DF   ENG Nathan Byrne
15 MF   USA Ben Bender (GA)
18 FW   COL Kerwin Vargas
20 DF   BRA João Pedro
21 DF   FIN Jere Uronen
22 GK   USA David Bingham
23 MF   SRB Nikola Petković
No. Pos. Nation Player
24 DF   USA Jaylin Lindsey
25 FW   ENG Tyger Smalls
26 GK   USA Chituru Odunze
27 FW   USA Nimfasha Berchimas (HG)
28 MF   FRA Djibril Diani
29 DF   FRA Adilson Malanda
30 MF   BRA Júnior Urso
31 GK   USA George Marks
32 DF   SEN Hamady Diop (GA)
33 FW   USA Patrick Agyemang
34 MF   USA Andrew Privett
35 MF   USA Nick Scardina
36 MF   CAN Brandon Cambridge (HG)
37 MF   CAN Scott Arfield
38 FW   CPV Iuri Tavares
39 DF   USA Jack Neeley (HG)
40 DF   USA Jahlane Forbes
41 FW   USA Brian Romero (HG)

Out on loan

edit

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
11 FW   POL Karol Świderski (on loan to Hellas Verona until July)
32 DF   SEN Hamady Diop (GA; on loan to Čukarički until January 2025)

Coaching staff

edit
As of February 2024[14]
Technical staff
Head coach Dean Smith
Assistant coach Pa-Modou Kah
Assistant coach Christian Fuchs
Sporting director Zoran Krnet
Head of goalkeeping Aron Hyde
Head video coach Rohan Sachdev

Transfers

edit
Incoming transfers for Charlotte FC
Player[15] Nat.[13] No.[13] Pos.[15] Previous team Notes Date[15]
Chituru Odunze   United States 26 GK Crown Legacy FC January 18, 2024
João Pedro Reginaldo   Brazil 20 DF Crown Legacy FC January 18, 2024
David Bingham   United States 22 GK Portland Timbers January 30, 2024
Djibril Diani   France 28 MF SM Caen February 13, 2024
Tyger Smalls   England 25 FW Loyola Marymount Lions[16] 2024 MLS SuperDraft selection (14th overall)[16] February 14, 2024
Jahlane Forbes   United States 40 DF Wake Forest Demon Deacons[16] 2024 MLS SuperDraft selection (38th overall)[16] February 14, 2024
Nikola Petković   Serbia 25 MF Crown Legacy FC February 15, 2024
Iuri Tavares   Cape Verde 38 FW Crown Legacy FC February 20, 2024
Júnior Urso   Brazil 30 MF Orlando City SC February 21, 2024
Liel Abada   Israel 11 MF Celtic Designated Player March 7, 2024
Karol Świderski   Poland 11 FW Hellas Verona FC Return from loan[17] July 1, 2024
Tim Ream   United States 3 DF Fulham August 7, 2024
Pep Biel   Spain 10 MF Olympiacos Designated Player; on loan until December 31, 2024[18] August 15, 2024
Jamie Paterson   England 7 FW Swansea City August 22, 2024
Outgoing transfers for Charlotte FC
Player[15] Nat.[13] No.[13] Pos.[15] New team Notes Date[15]
Harrison Afful   Ghana 25 DF Crown Legacy FC Option declined October 30, 2023
Chris Hegardt   United States 19 MF Stabæk Option declined October 30, 2023
Pablo Sisniega   Mexico 23 GK San Antonio FC Option declined October 30, 2023
Jan Sobociński   Poland 2 DF PAS Giannina F.C. Option declined October 30, 2023
Adrian Zendejas   United States 30 GK Skövde AIK Option declined October 30, 2023
Derrick Jones   United States 20 MF Columbus Crew Out of contract October 30, 2023
Justin Meram   Iraq 22 FW Michigan Stars FC Out of contract October 30, 2023
McKinze Gaines   United States 17 FW Nashville SC Traded for 2024 MLS SuperDraft second-round pick[19] December 14, 2023
Karol Świderski   Poland 11 FW Hellas Verona FC Loaned until June 30 with option to purchase[20] February 1, 2024
Kamil Jóźwiak   Poland 7 FW Granada CF February 1, 2024
Vinicius Mello   Brazil 21 FW FK Čukarički February 6, 2024
Guzmán Corujo   Uruguay 4 DF FK Čukarički February 13, 2024
Enzo Copetti   Argentina 14 FW Rosario Central May 16, 2024
Scott Arfield   Canada 37 MF Bolton Wanderers July 12, 2024
Hamady Diop   Senegal 32 DF FK Čukarički On loan until January 15, 2025[21] July 13, 2024
Brecht Dejaegere   Belgium 10 MF K.V. Kortrijk August 16, 2024

References

edit
  1. ^ Connuck, Shane (December 18, 2023). "Dean Smith hopes to lead 'successful and consistent' culture as Charlotte FC head coach". The Charlotte Observer. Retrieved February 25, 2024.
  2. ^ Lyttle, Steve (February 23, 2024). "Charlotte FC's third season is on deck: New coach, new players and a new style". The Charlotte Observer. Retrieved February 25, 2024.
  3. ^ "Charlotte FC Announces Preseason Schedule for 2024 MLS Season" (Press release). Charlotte FC. January 12, 2024. Archived from the original on February 26, 2024. Retrieved February 25, 2024.
  4. ^ "2024 MLS Preseason Schedule and Results". MLSsoccer.com. January 5, 2024. Archived from the original on January 4, 2024. Retrieved February 25, 2024.
  5. ^ Zietlow, Alex (February 25, 2024). "Dean Smith era for Charlotte FC begins unlike any season before — with a win". The Charlotte Observer. Retrieved February 25, 2024.
  6. ^ "Only 16! Charlotte FC's Nimfasha Berchimas makes MLS history". MLSsoccer.com. February 24, 2024. Archived from the original on February 25, 2024. Retrieved February 25, 2024.
  7. ^ Carlisle, Jeff (March 1, 2024). "U.S. Open Cup revamp to feature just 8 MLS first teams". ESPN. Archived from the original on March 1, 2024. Retrieved March 1, 2024.
  8. ^ a b "MLS Unveils Complete 2024 Regular Season Schedule" (Press release). Major League Soccer. December 20, 2023. Archived from the original on March 6, 2024. Retrieved February 25, 2024.
  9. ^ "Charlotte FC Announces 2024 Regular Season Schedule" (Press release). Charlotte FC. December 20, 2023. Archived from the original on February 26, 2024. Retrieved February 25, 2024.
  10. ^ "Minnesota United Game Against Charlotte FC Moved to April 21" (Press release). Minnesota United FC. January 5, 2024. Archived from the original on February 26, 2024. Retrieved February 25, 2024.
  11. ^ "Leagues Cup 2024: Groups for MLS and LIGA MX teams". MLSsoccer.com. January 31, 2024. Archived from the original on February 12, 2024. Retrieved February 25, 2024.
  12. ^ a b "2024 MLS Roster Rules and Regulations". Major League Soccer. February 20, 2024. Archived from the original on February 24, 2024. Retrieved February 26, 2024.
  13. ^ a b c d e "Roster". Charlotte FC. Retrieved October 29, 2024.
  14. ^ "Technical Staff". Charlotte FC. Archived from the original on February 5, 2024. Retrieved February 26, 2024.
  15. ^ a b c d e f "2024 MLS Transfers". MLSsoccer.com. Retrieved October 29, 2024.
  16. ^ a b c d "Charlotte FC Signs MLS SuperDraft Picks Tyger Smalls and Jahlane Forbes" (Press release). Charlotte FC. February 14, 2024. Archived from the original on February 16, 2024. Retrieved February 26, 2024.
  17. ^ Liljenwall, Ari (June 27, 2024). "Karol Swiderski returning as Charlotte FC eye attacking reinforcements". MLSsoccer.com. Retrieved October 29, 2024.
  18. ^ Sigal, Jonathan (August 15, 2024). "Charlotte FC acquire DP midfielder Pep Biel". MLSsoccer.com. Retrieved October 29, 2024.
  19. ^ "Charlotte FC Acquires Second Round SuperDraft Pick from Nashville SC in Exchange for McKinze Gaines" (Press release). Charlotte FC. December 14, 2023. Archived from the original on February 26, 2024. Retrieved February 26, 2024.
  20. ^ Sigal, Jonathan (February 1, 2024). "Charlotte FC loan Karol Swiderski to Hellas Verona". MLSsoccer.com. Archived from the original on February 4, 2024. Retrieved February 26, 2024.
  21. ^ "Charlotte FC loan defender Hamady Diop to Serbian team". MLSsoccer.com. July 13, 2024. Retrieved October 29, 2024.