The 20th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from November 1, 1796, to April 3, 1797, during the second year of John Jay's governorship, first in New York City, then in Albany.
| 20th New York State Legislature | |||||
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 The Old New York City Hall, where the Legislature first met in 1784. From January 1785 to August 1790, the Congress of the Confederation and the 1st United States Congress met here, and the building was renamed Federal Hall. From 1791 to 1793, and from 1795 to 1796, the State Legislature met again here. The building was demolished in 1812. (1798) | |||||
| Overview | |||||
| Legislative body | New York State Legislature | ||||
| Jurisdiction | New York, United States | ||||
| Term | July 1, 1796 – June 30, 1797 | ||||
| Senate | |||||
| Members | 43 | ||||
| President | Lt. Gov. Stephen Van Rensselaer (Fed.) | ||||
| Party control | Federalist (36-6) | ||||
| Assembly | |||||
| Members | 108 | ||||
| Speaker | Gulian Verplanck (Fed.) | ||||
| Party control | Federalist | ||||
| Sessions | |||||
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Background
editUnder the provisions of the New York Constitution of 1777, the State Senators were elected on general tickets in the senatorial districts, and were then divided into four classes. Six senators each drew lots for a term of 1, 2, 3 or 4 years and, beginning at the election in April 1778, every year six Senate seats came up for election to a four-year term. Assemblymen were elected countywide on general tickets to a one-year term, the whole assembly being renewed annually.
In March 1786, the Legislature enacted that future Legislatures meet on the first Tuesday of January of each year unless called earlier by the governor. No general meeting place was determined, leaving it to each Legislature to name the place where to reconvene, and if no place could be agreed upon, the Legislature should meet again where it adjourned.
On July 1, 1795, Stephen Van Rensselaer took office as Lieutenant Governor of New York, leaving a vacancy in the Western District.
On March 4, 1796, the Legislature re-apportioned the Senate and Assembly districts, based on the figures of the New York State Census of 1795. The number of State Senators was increased from 24 to 43, adding 1 to the Southern D.; and 6 each to the other three districts. The number of assemblymen was increased from 70 to 108, double-county districts were separated, and several new counties were created.
At this time the politicians were divided into two opposing political parties: the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans.[1]
Elections
editThe State election was held from April 26 to 28, 1796. Senator Selah Strong (Southern D.) was re-elected. Assemblymen James Watson (Southern D.), Thomas Morris, Johannes Dietz, Jacob Morris, Leonard Bronck and Francis Nicoll (all five Western D.) were elected to the Senate. Samuel Haight, Andrew Onderdonk (both Southern D.), Robert Sands, Christopher Tappen, William Thompson (all three Middle D.), Ebenezer Clark, Moses Vail, James Savage, Peter Silvester, Anthony Ten Eyck (all five Eastern D.), Jedediah Sanger, James Gordon, Leonard Gansevoort, Thomas R. Gold, John Richardson, Vincent Mathews, Joseph White and Abraham Arndt (all eight Western D.) were also elected to the Senate. All, except Christopher Tappen, were Federalists.
Upon taking their seats, the new senators were classified: Ebenezer Clark, Anthony Ten Eyck, Thomas Morris and John Richardson drew 1-year terms; James Watson, Leonard Gansevoort, Francis Nicoll, Abraham Arndt, Johannes Dietz and Thomas R. Gold drew 2-year terms; Christopher Tappen, Moses Vail, Vincent Mathews and Joseph White drew 3-year terms; and Samuel Haight, Andrew Onderdonk, Selah Strong, Robert Sands, James Savage, Peter Silvester, William Thompson, Leonard Bronck, Jacob Morris, James Gordon and Jedediah Sanger drew 4-year terms.
Sessions
edit
The Legislature met at Federal Hall in New York City on November 1, 1796, to elect presidential electors, and both Houses adjourned on November 11. This was the last session not held in Albany.
Federalist Gulian Verplanck was elected Speaker.
To balance the representation of the senatorial districts, the re-apportionment was amended, transferring Columbia Co. from the Eastern to the Middle District; and Albany and Saratoga counties from the Western to the Eastern D. Thus senators Spencer, Savage and Silvester moved from the Eastern to the Middle; and Bronck, Gansevoort, Gordon, Nicoll, Schuyler and Van Schoonhoven from the Western to the Eastern District.[2]
On November 7, 1796, the Legislature elected 12 presidential electors, all Federalists: Lewis Morris, Abijah Hammond, Richard Thorne, Peter Cantine Jr., Robert Van Rensselaer, Johannes Miller, Abraham Ten Broeck, Abraham Van Vechten, St. John Honeywood, William Root, Peter Smith and Charles Newkirk. They cast their votes for John Adams and Thomas Pinckney.
On November 9, 1796, the Legislature elected U.S. District Judge John Laurance to the U.S. Senate, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Rufus King.
The Legislature met for the regular session on January 3, 1797, at the Old City Hall in Albany, New York; and both Houses adjourned on April 3.
On January 24, 1797, the Legislature elected Senator Philip Schuyler to the U.S. Senate, to succeed Aaron Burr, for a 6-year term beginning on March 4, 1797.
Among the legislative acts of this session were: the declaration of Albany as the State capital, and plans to build a State capitol; the creation of the office of New York State Comptroller; and the creation of Delaware County, with 2 seats in the Assembly.
State Senate
editDistricts
edit- The Southern District (9 seats) consisted of Kings, New York, Queens, Richmond, Suffolk and Westchester counties.
- The Middle District (12 seats) consisted of Dutchess, Orange, Ulster and Columbia counties.
- The Eastern District (11 seats) consisted of Washington, Clinton, Rensselaer, Albany and Saratoga counties.
- The Western District (11 seats) consisted of Montgomery, Herkimer, Ontario, Otsego, Tioga, Onondaga and Schoharie counties.
Members
editThe asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature. James Watson, Leonard Bronck, Francis Nicoll, Johannes Dietz, Jacob Morris and Thomas Morris changed from the Assembly to the Senate.
| District | Senators | Term left | Party | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Southern | Ezra L'Hommedieu* | 1 year | Federalist | |
| Richard Hatfield* | 2 years | Federalist | ||
| Philip Livingston*[3] | 2 years | Federalist | ||
| James Watson* | 2 years | Federalist | ||
| Samuel Jones* | 3 years | Federalist | until March 15, 1797, also Recorder of New York City, from March 15, 1797, also New York State Comptroller | |
| Joshua Sands* | 3 years | Federalist | vacated his seat on April 26, 1797, upon appointment as Collector of the Port of New York | |
| Samuel Haight | 4 years | Federalist | ||
| Andrew Onderdonk | 4 years | Federalist | elected to the Council of Appointment | |
| Selah Strong* | 4 years | Federalist | ||
| Middle | John Cantine* | 1 year | Dem.-Rep. | |
| Reuben Hopkins* | 1 year | Dem.-Rep. | ||
| vacant[4] | 1 year | |||
| John D. Coe* | 2 years | Dem.-Rep. | ||
| Ambrose Spencer* | 2 years | Federalist | also Assistant Attorney General (3rd D.); Spencer lived in Columbia Co., and had been elected in the old Eastern D. in 1795; elected to the Council of Appointment | |
| Abraham Schenck* | 3 years | Dem.-Rep. | ||
| Christopher Tappen | 3 years | Dem.-Rep. | ||
| Thomas Tillotson* | 3 years | Dem.-Rep. | ||
| Robert Sands[5] | 4 years | Federalist | ||
| James Savage | 4 years | Federalist | ||
| Peter Silvester | 4 years | Federalist | ||
| William Thompson | 4 years | Federalist | ||
| Eastern | Ebenezer Clark | 1 year | Federalist | |
| Zina Hitchcock* | 1 year | Federalist | ||
| Anthony Ten Eyck | 1 year | Federalist | ||
| Jacobus Van Schoonhoven* | 1 year | Federalist | Van Schoonhoven lived in Saratoga Co., and had been elected in the old Western D. in 1793 | |
| Leonard Gansevoort | 2 years | Federalist | elected to the Council of Appointment | |
| Francis Nicoll* | 2 years | Federalist | ||
| Ebenezer Russell* | 3 years | Federalist | ||
| Philip Schuyler* | 3 years | Federalist | Schuyler lived in Albany Co., and had been elected in the old Western D. in 1795; elected on January 24, 1797, to the U.S. Senate | |
| Moses Vail | 3 years | Federalist | ||
| Leonard Bronck* | 4 years | Federalist | ||
| James Gordon | 4 years | Federalist | ||
| Western | Thomas Morris* | 1 year | Federalist | elected to the Council of Appointment |
| Michael Myers* | 1 year | Federalist | ||
| John Richardson | 1 year | Federalist | ||
| Abraham Arndt | 2 years | Federalist | ||
| Johannes Dietz* | 2 years | Federalist | ||
| John Frey* | 2 years | Federalist | ||
| Thomas R. Gold | 2 years | Federalist | also Assistant Attorney General (7th D.) | |
| Vincent Mathews | 3 years | Federalist | ||
| Joseph White | 3 years | Federalist | ||
| Jacob Morris* | 4 years | Federalist | ||
| Jedediah Sanger | 4 years | Federalist |
Employees
edit- Clerk: Abraham B. Bancker
State Assembly
editDistricts
edit- Albany County (10 seats)
- Clinton County (1 seat)
- Columbia County (6 seats)
- Dutchess County (10 seats)
- Herkimer County (7 seats)
- Kings County (1 seat)
- Montgomery County (6 seats)
- The City and County of New York (13 seats)
- Onondaga County (2 seats)
- Ontario County (2 seats)
- Orange County (3 seats)
- Otsego County (5 seats)
- Queens County (4 seats)
- Rensselaer County (6 seats)
- Richmond County (1 seat)
- Saratoga County (5 seats)
- Schoharie County (1 seat)
- Suffolk County (4 seats)
- Tioga County (2 seats)
- Ulster County (8 seats)
- Washington County (6 seats)
- Westchester County (5 seats)
Assemblymen
editThe asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued as members of this Legislature.
Employees
edit- Clerk: James Van Ingen
- Sergeant-at-Arms: Robert Hunter
- Doorkeeper: Richard Ten Eyck
Notes
edit- ^ The Anti-Federalists called themselves "Republicans." However, at the same time, the Federalists called them "Democrats" which was meant to be pejorative. After some time both terms got more and more confused, and sometimes used together as "Democratic Republicans" which later historians have adopted (with a hyphen) to describe the party from the beginning, to avoid confusion with both the later established and still existing Democratic and Republican parties.
- ^ The History of Political Parties in the State of New-York, from the Ratification of the Federal Constitution to 1840 by Jabez D. Hammond (4th ed., Vol. 1, H. & E. Phinney, Cooperstown, 1846; pages 99ff)
- ^ Philip Livingston, son of Peter Van Brugh Livingston
- ^ It is unclear what caused this vacancy, since none of the sources mention any other person elected to the Senate. The Civil List of 1858 states that the number of Senators was 43 (page 108), and subsequent Legislatures had 43 members, until the re-apportionment by the Constitutional Convention of 1801.
- ^ Original owner of Robert Sands Estate in Rhinebeck, Dutchess Co.
Sources
edit- The New York Civil List compiled by Franklin Benjamin Hough (Weed, Parsons and Co., 1858) [see pg. 108f for Senate districts; pg. 116 for senators; pg. 148f for Assembly districts; pg. 170f for assemblymen; pg. 323 for presidential electors]
- Election result Assembly, Dutchess Co. at project "A New Nation Votes", compiled by Phil Lampi, hosted by Tufts University Digital Library
- Election result Assembly, Herkimer Co. at project "A New Nation Votes"
- Election result Assembly, Onondaga Co. at project "A New Nation Votes"
- Election result Assembly, Ontario Co. at project "A New Nation Votes"
- Election result Assembly, Rensselaer Co. at project "A New Nation Votes"
- Election result Assembly, Schoharie Co. at project "A New Nation Votes"
- Election result Assembly, Westchester Co. at project "A New Nation Votes"
- Election result Senate, Southern D. at project "A New Nation Votes" [gives votes only from Queens Co.]