The 21st Combined Force (Arabic: تجمع القوة 21), formerly called the 101st Infantry Division (Arabic: الفرقة 101 مشاة) and the 33rd Infantry Division (Arabic: الفرقة 33 مشاة), is a Syrian rebel group affiliated with the Free Syrian Army, sanctioned by the Syrian National Council,[1] and part of the Syrian Revolutionary Command Council.[6] The group was led by Colonel Hassan Hamada. It received U.S.-made BGM-71 TOW anti-tank missiles, and was funded by the Supreme Military Council.[1]
| 21st Combined Force | |
|---|---|
| تجمع القوة 21 | |
.png) Official logo of the 21st Combined Force .svg) Former 101st Infantry Division Flag | |
| Leaders | |
| Dates of operation | June 2013 – present
|
| Group(s) |
|
| Active regions | |
| Ideology | Syrian nationalism |
| Size | |
| Part of |
|
| Allies | |
| Opponents | |
| Battles and wars | |
History
editThe background of the 101st Infantry Division lay within the Guardians of the Revolution group, a non-sectarian FSA group based in the Idlib Governorate that notably included religious minorities in its leadership positions.[8][7] In June 2013, the Guardians of the Revolution merged with several other FSA groups under the authority of the Supreme Military Council to form the 33rd Infantry Division, led by Lieutenant Colonel Ammar Dayoub. The division claimed to have 1,700 fighters and its spokesman was Lieutenant Muhanad al-Ayssama, a Druze from Suwayda.[4]
Soon after its formation, Ahrar al-Sham expelled the 33rd Infantry Division from the frontlines with the Syrian Army along the Aleppo-Latakia highway in Idlib, declaring its refusal to fight alongside more secular FSA groups. After pressure on Ahrar al-Sham from other FSA groups, it permitted the 33rd Division to return to the front.[4]
On 5 July 2013, units of the 33rd Infantry Division were deployed to the town of al-Dana after fighters of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant reportedly opened fire on anti-ISIL protesters. Clashes broke out between the two groups, and resulted ISIL beheading a commander of the 33rd Division, and taking full control of the town.[4]
On 21 July 2014, the 101st Infantry Division suspended its cooperation with al-Qaeda's al-Nusra Front. On 7 September 2014, 101st Division allied with four other rebel groups, including the Knights of Justice Brigade, into a new formation called the 5th Corps.[7]
In February 2015, according to pro-government Al-Masdar News, the al-Nusra Front attacked the 7th Special Forces Brigade of the 101st Division in the Idlib countryside and captured a large amount of weapons and other supplies.[9][better source needed]
On 6 May 2015, along with 13 other Aleppo-based groups, it joined the Fatah Halab joint operations room.
In December 2015 it merged with the Knights of Justice Brigade to form the Northern Division,[10] but the 101st Division left the group in June 2016.[11]
On 14 October 2016, the 101st Infantry Division absorbed several smaller rebel groups and changed its name to the 21st Combined Force.[12]
In late 2016, Lt. Col. Ammar Dayoub joined the Free Idlib Army. In December 2016, he was kidnapped in the southern Idlib countryside. On 2 March 2017, his body was found in a mass grave of more than 150 rebels executed by Jund al-Aqsa.[13] The 21st Combined Force appeared to be largely inactive, and its last statement was in January 2017.[14]
On 30 June 2017, military commanders of the 21st Combined Force, the 23rd Division, the Central Division, and the 1st Coastal Division signed the Geneva Call's "Deed of Agreement" pledging to protect children in the war, prohibit sexual violence, and prevent sexism.[15]
On 17 August 2017, Tahrir al-Sham executed Osama al-Khader, commander of the 21st Combined Force's Resolute Storm Brigade, after they accused him of communicating with Euphrates Shield groups, the Army of Revolutionaries, the Northern Democratic Brigade, and blasphemy.[5]
Stance on Israel
editThe group's leadership stance on Israel can be described as hostile.[1]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d e f "Exclusive Interview: Former MIG pilot recounts audacious defection, talks TOW missiles". Tahrir Souri. 6 June 2014. Archived from the original on June 8, 2014. Retrieved 1 December 2015.
- ^ "Band "101 pedestrians" changed its name .. and merge with several factions". Enab Baladi. 14 October 2016.
- ^ a b "Don't underestimate Free Syrian Army". Al-Monitor. 1 October 2015.
- ^ a b c d e Kodmani, Bassma; Legrand, Félix (14 October 2013). "Empowering the democratic resistance in Syria". Arab Reform Initiative.
- ^ a b c Shaheen al-Ahmad (18 August 2017). "(Liberation Sham) executes the brigade commander (Storm Hazm)". Micro Syria.
- ^ a b "EXCLUSIVE – 18 Syrian revolutionary factions advancing toward a One Army project". The Arab Chronicle. Archived from the original on 26 August 2014. Retrieved 24 August 2014.
- ^ a b c "Merger of Five Rebel Factions into the Fifth Corps". National Coalition of Syrian and Revolutionary Forces. 8 September 2014. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
- ^ Felix Legrand (23 September 2014). "The Resilience of Moderate Syrian Rebels". Arab Reform Initiative.
- ^ Leith Fadel. "Al-Qaeda linked group captures large supply of weapons from western-backed rebels". Al-Masdar News. Archived from the original on 29 June 2019. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
- ^ @arabthomness (8 December 2015). "#Syria: Liwa Fursan al-Haqq and the 101st Infantry Division announce a merger to for Furqat al-Shamaliah (#FSA)" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ "The 101st Infantry statement on separation from Knights of Justice". Youtube. 10 June 2016.
- ^ "Announcing the formation of "gathering force 21" after the accession of new species "of the 101st"". Step News Agency. 14 October 2016. Archived from the original on 5 September 2017. Retrieved 5 February 2017.
- ^ "Found the body of an officer kidnapped "Al-Aqsa Brigade" south of Idlib". Enab Baladi. 2 March 2017.
- ^ @101st_infantry (4 January 2017). "Statement of the Syrian Rebels" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ "Syria: 4 brigades of the Free Syrian Army commit to prohibit sexual violence and the use of child soldiers". ReliefWeb. 3 July 2017.