The 2S9 NONA (Russian: Новейшее Орудие Наземной Артилерии, lit. 'Newest Ordnance of Ground Artillery') is a self-propelled and air-droppable 120 mm mortar designed in the Soviet Union, which entered service in 1981. The 2S9 chassis is designated the S-120 and based on the aluminium hull of the BTR-D airborne multi-purpose tracked armoured personnel carrier. More generally, the 120 mm mortar is referred to as the Nona, with the 2S9 also known as the Nona-S. Although no figures have been released, it is estimated that over 1,000 2S9 were built.[3]
| 2S9 Nona | |
|---|---|
 2S9 Nona-S 120 mm self-propelled mortar, 2016 | |
| Type | Air-droppable self-propelled mortar |
| Place of origin | Soviet Union |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1981–present |
| Used by | see Operators |
| Wars | Soviet-Afghan War Russo-Georgian War Syrian Civil War Russo-Ukrainian War |
| Production history | |
| Designer | TsNIITochMash |
| Designed | 1974–1980 |
| Manufacturer | Motovilikha Plants |
| Produced | 1979–1989 |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 8.7 t (8.6 long tons; 9.6 short tons) |
| Length | 6.02 m (19.8 ft) |
| Barrel length | 1.8 or 2.88 m (5 ft 11 in or 9 ft 5 in)[1][2] |
| Width | 2.63 m (8 ft 8 in) |
| Height | 2.3 m (7 ft 7 in) |
| Crew | 4 |
| Caliber | 120 mm |
| Elevation | -4 to +80 degrees |
| Traverse | 70 degrees |
| Rate of fire | 10 rpm, max; 4 rpm, sustained |
| Effective firing range | 8.8 km (5.5 mi) (conventional); 12.8 km (8.0 mi) (extended) |
| Armor | 15 mm (0.59 in) max |
Main armament | 120 mm 2A60 mortar |
| Engine | 5D20 Diesel 180 kW (240 hp) |
| Power/weight | 20.2 kW (27.1 hp) per tonne |
| Payload capacity | 40-60 rounds |
| Suspension | torsion |
| Ground clearance | 450 mm (18 in) |
| Fuel capacity | 400 L (88 imp gal; 110 US gal) |
Operational range | 500 km (310 mi) |
| Maximum speed | 60 km/h (37 mph) (road); 9 km/h (5.6 mph) (water) |
Description
edit
The 2S9 Nona-S is an amphibious vehicle that can be propelled through the water by two rear water-jets. It is operated by a four-man crew comprising a commander, a driver/mechanic, a gunner, and a loader. The hull interior is separated into a command compartment, a fighting compartment and an engine compartment. A welded steel turret is located at the middle of the hull. The two-man turret has hatches for the gunner and loader respectively.
The 2S9 utilizes a 120 mm 2A51 mortar with a 1.8 m (5 ft 11 in) barrel. The weapon is actually a hybrid of a mortar and howitzer, being an unconventional design that lacks a direct NATO counterpart. It is a rifled, breech-loaded weapon capable of firing HE (high explosive), white phosphorus and smoke rounds, as well as laser-guided munitions like KM-8 Gran. It can engage in indirect and direct fire, as well as targeting armoured vehicles; its armour-piercing rounds can penetrate the equivalent of 600–650 mm (24–26 in) of steel plate at up to 1 km (0.62 mi).[4][1][5][6]
Operational history
editThey have been deployed by Russia during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. In July 2022, video on social media purportedly shows Ukrainian forces using M777 to destroy a towed 2B16 Nona-K in Hoptivka on the border with Russia.[7] In August 2022, Ukraine's armed forces claimed to use four captured Russian 2S9 against Russian forces.[8] In November 2022, a 2S23-SVK Nona was photographed in Ukrainian service. It was reportedly captured from Russian forces and took months to refit.[9]
On 26 March 2024, Ukrainian forces destroyed a Russia 2S9 Nona 120 mm mortar with a GLSDB and left another “burning” in Zaporizhzhia.[10] In June 2024 Ukraine used a drone to destroy a 2S9 Nona that had been equipped with turtle tank style add on armour.[11]
Variants
editVariants of the 120 mm Nona mortar:
- 2S23 Nona-SVK – BTR-80-based chassis mounting a 2A60 mortar, a variant of the 2A50.[12]
- 2B16 Nona-K – A towed version. Fitted with a muzzle brake.[5]
- 2S31 Vena – Is a similar concept based on the BMP-3 chassis. Longer barrel for increased range.[13]
- 2S17-2 Nona-SV – A BRM-1K with a 2S9 Nona turret, in use by the Ukrainian Ground Forces.[14][15]
Operators
editCurrent operators
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Azerbaijan: 18 2S9[16]
Belarus: 18 2B23 Nona-M1[17]
Kyrgyzstan: 12 2S9[18]
Moldova: 9 2S9[19]
Russia: 446 (excluding 500 2S9 in store in an unknown condition): 280 2S9 Nona-S, 42 2S23 Nona-SVK and 124 2B16 Nona-K[20]
Syria - Quantity unknown[21]
Turkmenistan: 17 2S9[22]
Ukraine: 2 2B16 and 40 2S9.[23] 2S9 and 2B16 versions have been used by both sides during Russo-Ukrainian War[24][25]
Uzbekistan: 54 2S9[26]
Venezuela - 18 Nona SVK, ordered 2009, delivered 2011–2012.[27] 13 in service as of 2016[update].[28]
Former operators
edit
External links
edit- "2S9 Anona (Anemone)- 120mm SPH/Mortar". GlobalSecurity.org. Archived from the original on 12 June 2008. Retrieved 10 May 2008.
- Walkaround 2S9 Nona from Kremenchuk
References
edit- International Institute for Strategic Studies (February 2016). The Military Balance 2016. Vol. 116. Routlegde. ISBN 9781857438352.
- ^ a b Marat Kenzhetaev (1998). "Self Propelled Artillery and Mortars". www.armscontrol.ru. MIPT Center for Arms Control, Energy and Environmental Studies. Archived from the original on 10 January 2010. Retrieved 3 May 2010.
- ^ Arg. (n.d.). 2S9 Nona-S. Military. Retrieved November 13, 2022, from http://www.military-today.com/artillery/2s9_nona_s.htm
- ^ Jane's Armour and Artillery 1997-98 ISBN 0-7106-1542-6[page needed]
- ^ "The Russian BMD-1 Infantry Fighting Vehicle - TankNutDave.com". Archived from the original on 9 October 2018.
- ^ a b 2B16 NONA-K, Army Guide, retrieved 16/02/2021
- ^ 2S9 Nona, Military Today, retrieved 16/02/2021
- ^ Manning, Joshua (12 July 2022). "WATCH: Ukraine destroy Russian Nona-K guns with M777 Howitzer". euroweeklynews.com. Retrieved 19 November 2022.
- ^ "Ukraine's Fighters Apply Trophy 2S9 Nona Self-Propelled Artillery Gun to Destroy russia's Armor (Video)". defence-ua.com. 1 August 2022. Retrieved 19 November 2022.
- ^ Campbell, Joseph (4 November 2022). "Ukrainian troops fire on Russians with captured weapons near key city". reuters.com. Retrieved 19 November 2022.
- ^ "Ukraine forces use GLSDB precision guided bomb to destroy Russian 2S Nona-S mortar carriers". Army Recognition. 27 March 2024. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
- ^ Altman, Howard (22 June 2024). "Ukraine Situation Report: Russia Now Launching Kalibr Cruise Missiles From The Sea Of Azov". The War zone. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
- ^ "2S23 Nona-SVK 120mm Self-Propelled Gun System". Retrieved 7 May 2023.
- ^ "2S31 Vena 120mm Self-Propelled Gun". Retrieved 7 May 2023.
- ^ "Documenting Ukrainian Equipment Losses During The Russian Invasion Of Ukraine".
- ^ "Ukrainian Version of the Nona Self-Propelled Mortar On the BMP Chassis Went Into Series (Video)".
- ^ The Military Balance 2016, p. 180.
- ^ The Military Balance, 2022, p.186
- ^ The Military Balance 2016, p. 187.
- ^ The Military Balance 2016, p. 188.
- ^ The Military Balance 2016, pp. 190–200.
- ^ "Syria Rearms". Archived from the original on 20 June 2017. Retrieved 15 June 2017.
- ^ The Military Balance, 2022, p.210
- ^ The Military Balance 2016, pp. 205–206.
- ^ Ferguson, Jonathan; Jenzen-Jones, N.R. (November 2014). Raising Red Flags: An Examination of Arms & Munitions in the Ongoing Conflict in Ukraine, 2014. Research Report 3. Armament Research Services. pp. 50, 70. ISBN 978-0-9924624-3-7. Archived from the original on 25 September 2018. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
- ^ The Military Balance 2016, p. 491.
- ^ The Military Balance 2016, p. 208.
- ^ "Trade Registers". Armstrade.sipri.org. Archived from the original on 14 April 2010. Retrieved 20 March 2017.
- ^ The Military Balance 2016, p. 416.
- ^ a b c Jones, Jeffrey, ed. (19 October 2017). U.S. Marine Corps School Of Infantry SOI Complete Training Materials. Jeffrey Frank Jones. p. LIV. Retrieved 17 November 2023.