31 Cygni, also known as ο1 Cygni, Omicron1 Cygni, ο2 Cygni or V695 Cygni, is a ternary star system about 750 light years away in the constellation Cygnus.
  | |
| Observation data Epoch J2000.0 Equinox J2000.0 | |
|---|---|
| Constellation | Cygnus |
| 31 Cygni A | |
| Right ascension | 20h 13m 37.908s[1] |
| Declination | +46° 44′ 28.76″[1] |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 3.73 - 3.89[2] |
| HD 192579 | |
| Right ascension | 20h 13m 39.199s[3] |
| Declination | +46° 42′ 42.70″[3] |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 6.99[4] |
| Characteristics | |
| 31 Cygni A | |
| Spectral type | K3Ib + B2IV-V[5] |
| Variable type | Algol[2] |
| HD 192579 | |
| Evolutionary stage | main sequence[4][3] |
| Spectral type | B5V[4] |
| Astrometry | |
| 31 Cygni A | |
| Radial velocity (Rv) | −7.41±0.08[6] km/s |
| Proper motion (μ) | RA: 1.744[1] mas/yr Dec.: 3.390[1] mas/yr |
| Parallax (π) | 2.9167 ± 0.1327 mas[1] |
| Distance | 1,120 ± 50 ly (340 ± 20 pc) |
| HD 192579 | |
| Proper motion (μ) | RA: 3.906[3] mas/yr Dec.: 1.978[3] mas/yr |
| Parallax (π) | 2.9160 ± 0.0336 mas[3] |
| Distance | 1,120 ± 10 ly (343 ± 4 pc) |
| Orbit[7] | |
| Primary | 31 Cygni Aa |
| Companion | 31 Cygni Ab |
| Period (P) | 3,784.3 d |
| Eccentricity (e) | 0.2084±0.0031 |
| Periastron epoch (T) | 2,452,345±9 |
| Argument of periastron (ω) (secondary) | 204.5±1.0° |
| Semi-amplitude (K1) (primary) | 13.94±0.04 km/s |
| Semi-amplitude (K2) (secondary) | 18.0[8] km/s |
| Details | |
| K supergiant | |
| Mass | 6.73[8] M☉ |
| Radius | 127[9] R☉ |
| Luminosity | 2,512 - 2,559[9] L☉ |
| Temperature | 4,043±170[9] K |
| B dwarf | |
| Mass | 5.22[8] M☉ |
| Radius | 5.2±0.5[10] R☉ |
| Temperature | 16,500+1,000 −2,000[11] K |
| Age | 39.8[12] Myr |
| HD 192579 | |
| Mass | 4.1[3] M☉ |
| Radius | 3.3[3] R☉ |
| Luminosity | 373[3] L☉ |
| Surface gravity (log g) | 4.04[3] cgs |
| Temperature | 13,949[3] K |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | +0.68[3] dex |
| Other designations | |
| 31 Cygni A (HD 192577): V695 Cyg, HD 192577, BD+46°2882, HIP 99675, HR 7735, SAO 49337 | |
| HD 192579: HD 192579, BD+46°2883, HIP 99676, SAO 49338 | |
| Database references | |
| SIMBAD | data |
| HD 192579 | |
The Bayer designation ο (omicron) has been variously applied to two or three of the stars 30, 31, and 32 Cygni. 31 Cygni has been designated, variously, as ο1 or ο2 Cygni — therefore for clarity, it is preferred to use the Flamsteed designation 31 Cygni.[13]
31 Cygni consists of a visible pair of stars 109″ apart as of 2016, and the brighter of the two is also a spectroscopic binary. 31 Cygni A is also designated HD 192577 and HR 7735, while its 7th-magnitude visual companion is designated HD 192579. Some multiple star catalogues designate a 13th-magnitude star 36″ from 31 Cygni A as 31 Cygni B, and HD 192579 as 31 Cygni C.[14] The 13th-magnitude star is likely to be an unrelated background object.[15]
The spectroscopic pair are an orange supergiant of spectral type K3Ib and a blue-white star likely to be evolving off the main sequence with a spectral type of B2IV-V. The visible companion is a 7th-magnitude B5 main sequence star.[4][3]
31 Cygni A is an Algol-type eclipsing binary and ranges between magnitudes 3.73 and 3.89 over a period of ten years.[7] The eclipsing system has been studied in attempts to determine an accurate direct mass for a red supergiant. The value 6.73 M☉ is believed to be accurate to about 2%, but there are some discrepancies in the orbital fit.[8]
30 Cygni is another naked eye star a tenth of a degree away, forming a bright triple.
32 Cygni is about a degree away to the north, also a detached eclipsing binary system. It comprises a large cool evolved star and a small hot main sequence or subgiant companion.
References
edit- ^ a b c d e Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv:2208.00211. Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. S2CID 244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
- ^ a b Samus, N. N.; Durlevich, O. V.; et al. (2009). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007-2013)". VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/GCVS. Originally Published in: 2009yCat....102025S. 1. Bibcode:2009yCat....102025S.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv:2208.00211. Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. S2CID 244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
- ^ a b c d Hoffleit, D.; Warren, W. H. (1995). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: Bright Star Catalogue, 5th Revised Ed. (Hoffleit+, 1991)". VizieR On-line Data Catalog: V/50. Originally Published in: 1964BS....C......0H. 5050. Bibcode:1995yCat.5050....0H.
- ^ Weaver, Wm. Bruce (2000). "Spectral Classification of Unresolved Binary Stars with Artificial Neural Networks". The Astrophysical Journal. 541 (1): 298–305. Bibcode:2000ApJ...541..298W. doi:10.1086/309425.
- ^ Eaton, Joel A.; et al. (2008). "Orbits and Pulsations of the Classical ζ Aurigae Binaries". The Astrophysical Journal. 679 (2): 1490–1498. arXiv:0802.2238. Bibcode:2008ApJ...679.1490E. doi:10.1086/587452. S2CID 2079219.
- ^ a b Griffin, R. F. (2008). "Spectroscopic binary orbits from photoelectric radial velocities - Paper 202: 31 and 32 Cygni". The Observatory. 128: 362. Bibcode:2008Obs...128..362G.
- ^ a b c d Bennett, Philip; Brown, Alexander; Ayres, Thomas R. (2018). "An Accurate Mass of the 31 Cygni Red Supergiant". Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars: 46. Bibcode:2018csss.confE..46B. doi:10.5281/zenodo.1467958.
- ^ a b c Messineo, M.; Brown, A. G. A. (2019). "A Catalog of Known Galactic K-M Stars of Class I Candidate Red Supergiants in Gaia DR2". The Astronomical Journal. 158 (1): 20. arXiv:1905.03744. Bibcode:2019AJ....158...20M. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab1cbd. S2CID 148571616.
- ^ Eaton, Joel A. (1993). "31 Cygni: The B star and the wind". Astronomical Journal. 106: 2081. Bibcode:1993AJ....106.2081E. doi:10.1086/116787.
- ^ Di Benedetto, G. P.; Ferluga, S. (1990). "Angular diameters of Zeta Aurigae-type supergiants by Michelson interferometry". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 236: 449. Bibcode:1990A&A...236..449D.
- ^ Tetzlaff, N.; et al. (January 2011). "A catalogue of young runaway Hipparcos stars within 3 kpc from the Sun". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 410 (1): 190–200. arXiv:1007.4883. Bibcode:2011MNRAS.410..190T. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17434.x. S2CID 118629873.
- ^ a b Kostjuk, N. D. (2004). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: HD-DM-GC-HR-HIP-Bayer-Flamsteed Cross Index (Kostjuk, 2002)". VizieR On-line Data Catalog: IV/27A. Originally Published in: Institute of Astronomy of Russian Academy of Sciences (2002). 4027. Bibcode:2004yCat.4027....0K.
- ^ Mason, B. D.; et al. (2014). "The Washington Visual Double Star Catalog". The Astronomical Journal. 122 (6): 3466–3471. Bibcode:2001AJ....122.3466M. doi:10.1086/323920.
- ^ Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv:2208.00211. Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. S2CID 244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
- ^ Stencel, Robert E.; Hopkins, Jeffrey L.; Hagen, Wendy; Fried, Robert; Schmidtke, Paul C.; Kondo, Yoji; Chapman, Robert D. (June 1984). "The 1982 eclipse of 31 Cygni". The Astrophysical Journal. 281: 751–759. Bibcode:1984ApJ...281..751S. doi:10.1086/162153. Retrieved 21 December 2021.