40S ribosomal protein S4, X isoform

40S ribosomal protein S4, X isoform is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPS4X gene.

RPS4X
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 4UG0, 4V6X, 5A2Q, 3J7R, 3J7P
Identifiers
Aliases	RPS4X, CCG2, DXS306, RPS4, S4, SCAR, SCR10, ribosomal protein S4, X-linked, ribosomal protein S4 X-linked
External IDs	OMIM: 312760; MGI: 98158; HomoloGene: 90857; GeneCards: RPS4X; OMA:RPS4X - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. X chromosome (human) Band Xq13.1 Start 72,255,679 bp End 72,277,248 bp
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. X chromosome (mouse) Band X D|X 45.2 cM Start 101,228,547 bp End 101,233,000 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in germinal epithelium lactiferous duct tibia visceral pleura parietal pleura corpus epididymis vulva epithelium of nasopharynx mucosa of paranasal sinus superficial temporal artery Top expressed in epiblast ventricular zone ganglionic eminence uterus zone of skin spleen esophagus thymus embryo urinary bladder More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function rRNA binding structural constituent of ribosome protein binding RNA binding Cellular component cytoplasm polysome cytosol ribosome membrane focal adhesion intracellular anatomical structure cytosolic small ribosomal subunit small ribosomal subunit cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule extracellular exosome extracellular matrix nucleoplasm ribonucleoprotein complex synapse Biological process viral transcription positive regulation of translation SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane multicellular organism development positive regulation of cell population proliferation translational initiation nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay rRNA processing protein biosynthesis Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 6191 20102 Ensembl ENSG00000198034 ENSMUSG00000031320 UniProt P62701 P62702 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001007 NM_009094 RefSeq (protein) NP_000998 NP_033120 Location (UCSC) Chr X: 72.26 – 72.28 Mb Chr X: 101.23 – 101.23 Mb PubMed search
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Ribosomes, organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes ribosomal protein S4, a component of the 40S subunit. Ribosomal protein S4 is the only ribosomal protein known to be encoded by more than one gene, namely this gene and ribosomal protein S4, Y-linked (RPS4Y). The 2 isoforms encoded by these genes are not identical, but are functionally equivalent. Ribosomal protein S4 belongs to the S4E family of ribosomal proteins. This gene is not subject to X-inactivation. It has been suggested that haploinsufficiency of the ribosomal protein S4 genes plays a role in Turner syndrome; however, this hypothesis is controversial. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome.

Further reading

• Wool IG, Chan YL, Glück A (1996). "Structure and evolution of mammalian ribosomal proteins". Biochem. Cell Biol. 73 (11–12): 933–947. doi:10.1139/o95-101. PMID 8722009.
• Fisher EM, Beer-Romero P, Brown LG, et al. (1991). "Homologous ribosomal protein genes on the human X and Y chromosomes: escape from X inactivation and possible implications for Turner syndrome". Cell. 63 (6): 1205–1218. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(90)90416-C. PMID 2124517. S2CID 16060228.
• Wiles MV, Alexander CM, Goodfellow PN (1988). "Isolation of an abundantly expressed sequence from the human X chromosome by differential screening". Somat. Cell Mol. Genet. 14 (1): 31–39. doi:10.1007/BF01535047. PMID 2829364. S2CID 2698676.
• Matoba R, Okubo K, Hori N, et al. (1994). "The addition of 5'-coding information to a 3'-directed cDNA library improves analysis of gene expression". Gene. 146 (2): 199–207. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90293-3. PMID 8076819.
• Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–174. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
• Watanabe M, Zinn AR, Page DC, Nishimoto T (1993). "Functional equivalence of human X- and Y-encoded isoforms of ribosomal protein S4 consistent with a role in Turner syndrome". Nat. Genet. 4 (3): 268–271. doi:10.1038/ng0793-268. PMID 8358435. S2CID 11495083.
• Geerkens C, Just W, Held KR, Vogel W (1996). "Ullrich-Turner syndrome is not caused by haploinsufficiency of RPS4X". Hum. Genet. 97 (1): 39–44. doi:10.1007/bf00218830. PMID 8557258. S2CID 9987276.
• Vladimirov SN, Ivanov AV, Karpova GG, et al. (1996). "Characterization of the human small-ribosomal-subunit proteins by N-terminal and internal sequencing, and mass spectrometry". Eur. J. Biochem. 239 (1): 144–149. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.0144u.x. PMID 8706699.
• Omoe K, Endo A (1996). "Relationship between the monosomy X phenotype and Y-linked ribosomal protein S4 (Rps4) in several species of mammals: a molecular evolutionary analysis of Rps4 homologs". Genomics. 31 (1): 44–50. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0007. PMID 8808278.
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–156. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
• Kenmochi N, Kawaguchi T, Rozen S, et al. (1998). "A map of 75 human ribosomal protein genes". Genome Res. 8 (5): 509–23. doi:10.1101/gr.8.5.509. PMID 9582194.
• Uechi T, Tanaka T, Kenmochi N (2001). "A complete map of the human ribosomal protein genes: assignment of 80 genes to the cytogenetic map and implications for human disorders". Genomics. 72 (3): 223–230. doi:10.1006/geno.2000.6470. PMID 11401437.
• Robinson RC, Turbedsky K, Kaiser DA, et al. (2001). "Crystal structure of Arp2/3 complex". Science. 294 (5547): 1679–1684. Bibcode:2001Sci...294.1679R. doi:10.1126/science.1066333. PMID 11721045. S2CID 18088124.
• Andersen JS, Lyon CE, Fox AH, et al. (2002). "Directed proteomic analysis of the human nucleolus". Curr. Biol. 12 (1): 1–11. Bibcode:2002CBio...12....1A. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00650-9. PMID 11790298.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–16903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Agate RJ, Choe M, Arnold AP (2004). "Sex differences in structure and expression of the sex chromosome genes CHD1Z and CHD1W in zebra finches". Mol. Biol. Evol. 21 (2): 384–396. doi:10.1093/molbev/msh027. PMID 14660691.
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–45. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.