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2016 Manitoba general election

(Redirected from 41st Manitoba general election)

The 2016 Manitoba general election was held on April 19, 2016, to elect members to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba, Canada.[1] The New Democratic Party of Manitoba, led by Greg Selinger, were defeated by the Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba led by Brian Pallister, ending nearly 17 years of NDP government. The Progressive Conservatives won 40 seats, one of the largest majority governments in Manitoba history, the other one was in 1915 when Liberals also won 40 seats.[2]

2016 Manitoba general election
← 2011 April 19, 2016 (2016-04-19) 2019 →
57 seats of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba
29 seats needed for a majority
Turnout57.43%
  First party Second party
 
Leader Brian Pallister Greg Selinger
Party Progressive Conservative New Democratic
Leader since July 30, 2012 October 17, 2009
Leader's seat Fort Whyte St. Boniface
Last election 19 seats, 43.71% 37 seats, 46.16%
Seats before 19 35
Seats won 40 14
Seat change Increase21 Decrease21
Popular vote 232,215 112,748
Percentage 53.10% 25.78%
Swing Increase9.39% Decrease20.38%
  Third party Fourth party
 
Leader Rana Bokhari James Beddome
Party Liberal Green
Leader since October 26, 2013 November 15, 2014
Leader's seat ran in Fort Rouge (lost) ran in Fort Garry-Riverview (lost)
Last election 1 seat, 7.52% 0 seats, 2.52%
Seats before 1 0
Seats won 3 0
Seat change Increase2 Steady
Popular vote 62,973 22,188
Percentage 14.40% 5.07%
Swing Increase6.88% Increase2.62%
Popular vote by riding. As this is an FPTP election, seat totals are not determined by popular vote, but instead via results by each riding.
Premier before election

Greg Selinger
New Democratic

Premier after election

Brian Pallister
Progressive Conservative

The election also removed one of the two New Democratic governments in the country, the other being formed by the Alberta New Democratic Party.

Date

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Under the Manitoba Elections Act, the general election is to be held on the first Tuesday of October in the fourth calendar year, following the previous election.[3] As the last election was held in 2011, that date would be October 6, 2015. However, the act also provides that if, as of January 1 of the election year, the election period would overlap with a federal election period, the provincial election is to be postponed until the third Tuesday of the following April.[4] Under the federal fixed-term act, on January 1, 2015, the next federal election was tentatively scheduled for October 19, 2015, overlapping election periods by approximately three weeks. Thus the next Manitoba election was scheduled for April 19, 2016. The Lieutenant Governor retains the power to dissolve the Legislative Assembly early.[5] The legislature was dissolved and writs for the election were dropped on March 16, 2016.[6]

Campaign

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The election was relatively unique within Canadian politics, in that opinion polling indicated that most voters were basing their decision on the local candidate in their riding or the party platform, not the performance of the leader. In most Canadian elections, such as the 2016 Saskatchewan election, the behaviour of the party leader was a stronger motivator for constituents when voting;[7] in the context of the Manitoba election, however, polling found that none of the three main party leaders was particularly well-liked or trusted by the electorate.[8] Although Pallister fared best with 33 per cent support in public opinion polling on the question of preferred premier, even he finished only one point ahead of "none of the above" at 32 per cent.[8]

The campaigns of all three parties were based on themes of change, with even Selinger suggesting the incumbent NDP government would be able to respond to constituent concerns and change problematic policies in the leaders' debate.[7] Opinion polling during the campaign suggested a lack of enthusiasm for all party leaders, and a general desire for change.[9]

Election summary

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The Tories went into the election as heavy favourites, having led opinion polls for almost four years. They scored a near-sweep of rural southern and central Manitoba, and also made significant inroads in Winnipeg, taking every seat in the southern and western portions of the capital. In many cases, previously safe NDP seats either fell to the Tories or saw the NDP margins cut by more than half.

Summary of the April 19, 2016 Manitoba Legislature election
Party Leader Candidates Seats Popular vote
2011 Dissol. 2016 +/- Votes % % change
Progressive Conservative Brian Pallister 57 19 19 40 +21 232,215 53.10 +9.39
New Democratic Greg Selinger 57 37 35 14 -21 112,748 25.78 −20.38
Liberal Rana Bokhari 51 1 1 3 +2 62,973 14.40 +6.88
Green James Beddome 30 – – – – 22,188 5.07 +2.55
Manitoba Gary Marshall 16 – – – – 4,887 1.12 n/a
Communist Darrell Rankin 6 – – – – 305 0.07 +0.03
  Independents 4 – – – – 2,032 0.46 +0.41
  Vacant[a] 2
Total 221 57 57 57 437,348
Popular vote
PC
 
 53.10%
New Democratic
 
 25.78%
Liberal
 
 14.40%
Green
 
 5.07%
Others
 
 1.65%
Seats summary
PC
 
 70.18%
New Democratic
 
 24.56%
Liberal
 
 5.26%

Summary results

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Elections to the 41st Manitoba Legislature – seats won/lost by party, 2011–2016
Party 2011 Gain from (loss to) 2016
NDP PC Lib
New Democratic 37 (21) (2) 14
Progressive Conservative 19 21 40
Liberal 1 2 3
Total 57 23 (21) (2) 57
Elections to the 41st Manitoba Legislature – top 5 candidates from each riding, by party
Party Candidates 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
Progressive Conservative 57 40 11 6 – –
New Democratic 57 14 28 12 3 –
Liberal 51 3 11 31 6 –
Green 30 – 4 5 20 1
Manitoba 16 – 2 1 5 7
Independent 4 – 1 – 3 –
Party candidates in 2nd place
Party in 1st place Party in 2nd place Total
PC NDP Lib Grn MB Ind
Progressive Conservative – 26 8 3 2 1 40
New Democratic 10 – 3 1 – 14
Liberal 1 2 – – – – 3
Total 11 28 11 4 2 1 57
Principal races, according to 1st and 2nd-place results
Parties Seats
█ Progressive Conservative █ New Democratic 36
█ Progressive Conservative █ Liberal 9
█ Progressive Conservative █ Green 3
█ Progressive Conservative █ Manitoba 2
█ Progressive Conservative █ Independent 1
█ New Democratic █ Liberal 5
█ New Democratic █ Green 1
Total 57

Incumbents not contesting their seats

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Retiring incumbents
Party Riding Incumbent
NDP
Assiniboia Jim Rondeau[11]
Dauphin Stan Struthers[12]
Dawson Trail Ron Lemieux
Fort Rouge Jennifer Howard
Radisson Bidhu Jha[13]
St. Johns Gord Mackintosh
St. Vital Nancy Allan[14]
Seine River Theresa Oswald
Transcona Daryl Reid
Progressive Conservative
Agassiz Stu Briese[15]
Riding Mountain Leanne Rowat[15]
River East Bonnie Mitchelson[16]

Opinion polls

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Polling firm Last date
of polling 		Link NDP PC Liberal Green Other
Insights West April 18, 2016 [p 1] 28 53 10 7 1
Insightrix Research April 18, 2016 [p 2] 22 49 19 9 1
Forum Research April 17, 2016 [p 3] 21 52 18 9
Mainstreet Research April 14, 2016 [p 4] 26 55 11 9
Insights West April 7, 2016 [p 5] 26 49 17 7 1
Insightrix Research April 7, 2016 [p 6] 24 49 22 5
Mainstreet Research April 5, 2016 [p 7] 24 50 17 9
Probe Research Inc April 4, 2016 [p 8] 28 46 20 6
Mainstreet Research March 29, 2016 [p 9] 23 45 24 7
Mainstreet Research March 19, 2016 [p 10] 24 44 24 7
Forum Research March 13, 2016 [p 11] 22 46 23 8 1
Mainstreet Research March 12, 2016 [p 12] 27 43 24 7
Mainstreet Research February 20, 2016 [p 13] 21 50 23 6
Mainstreet Research February 11, 2016 [p 14] 21 51 20 7
Mainstreet Research January 25, 2016 [p 15] 20 52 20 9
Mainstreet Research January 9, 2016 [p 16] 23 44 27 6
Insightrix Research December 22, 2015 [p 17] 19 39 36 5 1
Probe Research Inc December 15, 2015 [p 18] 22 43 29 6
Probe Research Inc September 23, 2015 [p 19] 25 45 24 5
Probe Research Inc June 27, 2015 [p 20] 29 46 19 5
Probe Research Inc April 5, 2015 [p 21] 29 44 20 7
Probe Research Inc December 12, 2014 HTML 26 48 19 7
Mainstreet Research November 3, 2014 [p 22] 27 53 20
Probe Research Inc October 1, 2014 [p 23] 30 42 20 8
Probe Research Inc June 19, 2014 HTML 32 45 16 7
Probe Research Inc March 28, 2014 [p 24] 28 46 23 3
Insightrix Research February 7, 2014 [p 25] 24 49 18 9
Probe Research Inc December 27, 2013 [p 26] 26 48 20 6
Probe Research Inc September 28, 2013 [p 27] 29 43 20 8
Probe Research Inc June 26, 2013 [p 28] 28 46 17 10
Probe Research Inc April 14, 2013 [p 29] 35 42 15 8
Probe Research Inc December 14, 2012 [p 29] 39 43 11 7
Probe Research Inc October 14, 2012 [p 30] 45 38 11 6
Probe Research Inc June 29, 2012 [p 31] 44 40 13 3
Probe Research Inc April 4, 2012 [p 32] 40 45 10 5
2011 election October 4, 2011 46.2 43.7 7.5 2.5 0.1
Polling firm Last date
of polling 		Link Other
NDP PC Liberal Green

Candidates by riding

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  • Note that names in bold type represent Cabinet members, while italics represent party leaders.

Northern Manitoba

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Electoral district Candidates Incumbent
NDP PC Liberal Green Other
Flin Flon Tom Lindsey
1,106 		Angela Enright
954 		Leslie Beck
948 		Clarence Pettersen (Ind.)
359 		Clarence Pettersen
Kewatinook Eric Robinson
1,207 		Edna Nabess
375 		Judy Klassen
1,565 		Eric Robinson
Swan River Ron Kostyshyn
2,408 		Rick Wowchuk
4,081 		Shayne Lynxleg
483 		Dan Soprovich
296 		Ron Kostyshyn
The Pas Amanda Lathlin
1,976 		Doug Lauvstad
1,765 		Tyler Duncan
586 		Patrick Wood
217 		Amanda Lathlin
Thompson Steve Ashton
1,527 		Kelly Bindle
1,712 		Inez Vystrcil-Spence
638 		Steve Ashton

Westman/Parkland

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Electoral district Candidates Incumbent
NDP PC Liberal Green Other
Agassiz Courtney Lucas
450 		Eileen Clarke
5,228 		Robert Smith
409 		Damian Dempsey (Ind.)
910 		Stu Briese
Arthur-Virden Lorne Topolniski
600 		Doyle Piwniuk
6,006 		Frank Godon (Manitoba)
846 		Doyle Piwniuk
Brandon East Drew Caldwell
2,534 		Len Isleifson
3,669 		Vanessa Hamilton
830 		Drew Caldwell
Brandon West Linda Ross
1,884 		Reg Helwer
5,624 		William Moore
631 		Reg Helwer
Dauphin Darcy Scheller
1,899 		Brad Michaleski
4,795 		Garry Gurke
505 		Kate Storey
595 		Darrell Inkster (Manitoba)
168 		Stan Struthers
Riding Mountain Béla Gyarmati
601 		Greg Nesbitt
5,311 		Jordan Fleury
1,028 		Mark Olenick
779 		Leanne Rowat
Spruce Woods Amanda Chmelyk
665 		Cliff Cullen
5,210 		Jaron Hart
512 		Malcolm McKellar (Manitoba)
738 		Cliff Cullen

Central Manitoba

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Electoral district Candidates Incumbent
NDP PC Liberal Green Other
Emerson Alanna Jones
432 		Cliff Graydon
4,943 		Loren Braul
1,423 		Cliff Graydon
Gimli Armand Bélanger
2,579 		Jeff Wharton
5,614 		Dwight Harfield
843 		Ed Paquette (Manitoba)
239 		vacant
Interlake Tom Nevakshonoff
1,428 		Derek Johnson
3,685 		Jamal Abas
2,068 		Tom Nevakshonoff
Lakeside Matt Austman
1,369 		Ralph Eichler
6,077 		Ralph Eichler
Midland Jacqueline Theroux
714 		Blaine Pedersen
6,168 		Julia Sisler
523 		Stacey O’Neill
797 		Blaine Pedersen
Morden-Winkler Elizabeth Lynch
215 		Cameron Friesen
6,598 		Benjamin Bawdon
279 		Mike Urichuk
667 		Cameron Friesen
Morris Mohamed Alli
840 		Shannon Martin
6,980 		John Falk
1,430 		Shannon Martin
Portage la Prairie Alex MacDonald
697 		Ian Wishart
4,635 		Stephen Prince
1,238 		Ian Wishart

Eastman

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Electoral district Candidates Incumbent
NDP PC Liberal Green Other
Dawson Trail Roxane Dupuis
1,678 		Bob Lagassé
4,430 		Terry Hayward
1,652 		David Sutherland (Manitoba)
516 		Ron Lemieux
Lac du Bonnet Wendy Sol
1,647 		Wayne Ewasko
5,666 		Wayne Ewasko
La Verendrye Echo Asher
705 		Dennis Smook
5,262 		Bill Paulishyn
696 		Janine Gibson
724 		Dennis Smook
Steinbach Kathleen McCallum
387 		Kelvin Goertzen
6,982 		Dakota Young-Brown
461 		Kelvin Goertzen
St. Paul Andrew Podolecki
1,757 		Ron Schuler
7,091 		Pete Sanderson
1,055 		Ron Schuler
Selkirk Greg Dewar
2,366 		Alan Lagimodiere
4,686 		Stefan Jones
1,390 		Greg Dewar

Northwest Winnipeg

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Electoral district Candidates Incumbent
NDP PC Liberal Green Other
Burrows Melanie Wight
1,775 		Rae Wagner
1,014 		Cindy Lamoureux
2,641 		Garrett Bodnaryk
216 		Tony Petrowski (Communist)
28 		Melanie Wight
Kildonan Dave Chomiak
3,065 		Nic Curry
3,694 		Navdeep Khangura
974 		Steven Stairs
456 		Gary Marshall (Manitoba)
133 		Dave Chomiak
Point Douglas Kevin Chief
2,839 		Marsha Street
811 		Althea Guiboche
956 		Alberteen Spence
247 		Frank Komarniski (Communist)
58 		Kevin Chief
St. Johns Nahanni Fontaine
2,358 		Barbara Judt
1,869 		Noel Bernier
1,465 		Elizabeth Puchailo
671 		Gord Mackintosh
The Maples Mohinder Saran
2,832 		Kaur Sidhu
2,705 		Harbans Singh Brar
1,695 		John Redekopp
582 		Mohinder Saran
Tyndall Park Ted Marcelino
2,139 		Naseer Warraich
1,306 		Aida Champagne
1,656 		Shane Neustaeter
391
Ted Marcelino

Northeast Winnipeg

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Electoral district Candidates Incumbent
NDP PC Liberal Green Other
Concordia Matt Wiebe
2,761 		Andrew Frank
2,483 		Donovan Martin
642 		Terry Scott (Manitoba)
254 		Matt Wiebe
Elmwood Jim Maloway
2,993 		Sarah Langevin
2,886 		Albert Ratt (Manitoba)
579 		Jim Maloway
Radisson Preet Singh
2,945 		James Teitsma
4,635 		Scott Newman
1,593 		Bidhu Jha
River East Jody Gillis
2,435 		Cathy Cox
6,154 		Piero Scaramuzzi
776 		Bonnie Mitchelson
Rossmere Erna Braun
3,389 		Andrew Micklefield
5,303 		Malli Aulakh
838 		William Sullivan (Manitoba)
427 		Erna Braun
St. Boniface Greg Selinger
3,624 		Mamadou Ka
2,211 		Alain Landry
1,663 		Signe Knutson
1,048 		Greg Selinger
Transcona Barb Burkowski
2,281 		Blair Yakimoski
3,948 		Chad Panting
1,465 		Darrell Rankin (Communist)
68
Ajit Kumar (Manitoba)
233 		Daryl Reid

West Winnipeg

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Electoral district Candidates Incumbent
NDP PC Liberal Green Other
Assiniboia Joseph McKellep
2,196 		Steven Fletcher
3,450 		Ian McCausland
1,631 		Ileana Ohlsson
580 		Jim Rondeau
Charleswood Janna Barkman
1,168 		Myrna Driedger
5,298 		Paul Brault
1,187 		Kevin Nichols
1,080 		Myrna Driedger
Kirkfield Park Sharon Blady
3,075 		Scott Fielding
5,457 		Kelly Nord
889 		Lisa Omand
784 		Sharon Blady
St. James Deanne Crothers
2,723 		Scott Johnston
3,532 		Michelle Finley
1,150 		Jeff Buhse
850 		Brad Gross (Manitoba)
137 		Deanne Crothers
Tuxedo Zach Fleisher
1,312 		Heather Stefanson
4,986 		Michael Lazar
1,251 		Bob Krul
976 		Heather Stefanson

Central Winnipeg

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Electoral district Candidates Incumbent
NDP PC Liberal Green Other
Fort Garry-Riverview James Allum
3,450 		Jeannette Montufar
3,149 		Johanna Wood
807 		James Beddome
1,711 		James Allum
Fort Rouge Wab Kinew
3,360 		Audrey Gordon
2,751 		Rana Bokhari
1,792 		Grant Sharp
983 		Matthew Ostrove (Manitoba)
175
Paula Ducharme (Communist)
47 		Jennifer Howard
Logan Flor Marcelino
2,020 		Allie Szarkiewicz
997 		Peter Koroma
1,457 		Jitendradas Loves-Life
397 		Joe Chan (Manitoba)
185
Cheryl-Anne Carr (Communist)
63 		Flor Marcelino
Minto Andrew Swan
2,954 		Belinda Squance
1,016 		Demetre Balaktsis
723 		Martha Jo Willard
410 		Andrew Taylor (Communist)
41
Virgil Gil (Manitoba)
51
Don Woodstock (Ind)
589 		Andrew Swan
River Heights Shafagh Daneshfar
591 		Tracey Maconachie
3,485 		Jon Gerrard
5,230 		Michael Cardillo
771 		Jon Gerrard
Wolseley Rob Altemeyer
3,037 		Raquel Dancho
945 		Shandi Strong
653 		David Nickarz
2,645 		Wayne Sturby (Manitoba)
79 		Rob Altemeyer

South Winnipeg

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Electoral district Candidates Incumbent
NDP PC Liberal Green Other
Fort Richmond Kerri Irvin-Ross
2,274 		Sarah Guillemard
2,879 		Kyra Wilson
814 		Cameron Proulx
540 		Kerri Irvin-Ross
Fort Whyte George Wong
1,718 		Brian Pallister
6,775 		Peter Bastians
1,205 		Carli Runions
731 		Daryl Newis (Manitoba)
127 		Brian Pallister
Riel Christine Melnick
3,053 		Rochelle Squires
5,024 		Neil Johnston
1,627 		Christine Melnick
Seine River Lise Pinkos
2,343 		Janice Morley-Lecomte
5,396 		Peter Chura
2,388 		Theresa Oswald
Southdale Dashi Zargani
2,460 		Andrew Smith
6,663 		Ryan Colyer
1,318 		vacant
St. Norbert Dave Gaudreau
3,062 		Jon Reyes
4,673 		James Bloomfield
1,251 		Narinder Kaur Johar
174 		Dave Gaudreau
St. Vital Jamie Moses
2,831 		Colleen Mayer
3,229 		Bryan Van Wilgenburg
1,296 		Kelly Whelan-Enns
791 		Nancy Allan


Notes

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  1. ^ Erin Selby (Southdale) and Peter Bjornson (Gimli) resigned their seats in 2015.[10] No by-elections were called and their seats remained vacant.

References

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  1. ^ Voting in a Manitoba Provincial Election Archived February 22, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved June 24, 2012.
  2. ^ "Brian Pallister's PCs win majority government in Manitoba". CBC News. April 19, 2016.
  3. ^ Elections Act, sec. 49.1(2).
  4. ^ Elections Act, sec. 49.1(3).
  5. ^ Elections Act, sec. 49.1(1).
  6. ^ "'Choices are clear:' Selinger makes April 19 Manitoba election official". CTV News. March 16, 2016. Retrieved June 28, 2019.
  7. ^ a b "Manitoba election results 2016". Global News. April 19, 2016. Retrieved April 19, 2016.
  8. ^ a b "Voters don't trust leaders, but Pallister fares better than rivals: poll". Winnipeg Free Press, April 9, 2016.
  9. ^ "Manitobans go to the polls in provincial election". CBC News. April 19, 2016. Retrieved April 19, 2016.
  10. ^ Owen, Bruce (April 29, 2015). "Selinger's shuffle making the best of a bad situation". Winnipeg Free Press. Retrieved June 28, 2019.
  11. ^ "Demoted Manitoba politician, Jim Rondeau, to leave politics". Global News. April 13, 2015.
  12. ^ "Former Manitoba cabinet minister not running". Global News. May 13, 2015.
  13. ^ CBC News Manitoba, 24-11-2015
  14. ^ "Longtime NDP MLA Nancy Allan announces retirement". Winnipeg Free Press. May 28, 2015. Retrieved June 28, 2019.
  15. ^ a b "MLA Leanne Rowat will not seek reelection". Winnipeg Free Press. September 11, 2014.
  16. ^ "River East MLA Bonnie Mitchelson Announces Retirement". CJOB. October 17, 2014.

Opinion poll sources

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  1. ^ "Two Thirds of Manitobans Want a Change of Government". Archived from the original on April 27, 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  2. ^ "Voter Intentions Remain Unchanged in the Final Weekend Before the Manitoba Provincial Election". April 18, 2016.
  3. ^ Progressive Conservatives to take more than half the vote Forum Research Inc.
  4. ^ "Manitoba's choice". mainstreetresearch.ca. Retrieved April 10, 2023.
  5. ^ "Manitoba Progressive Conservatives Hold Sizeable Lead". Archived from the original on April 18, 2016. Retrieved December 11, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  6. ^ "680 CJOB - Winnipeg's News & Information Leader".
  7. ^ "Liberals Slide, PCS Lead as Election Nears End".
  8. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on April 18, 2016. Retrieved April 9, 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  9. ^ "Poll suggests Tories hold solid support as Manitoba election approaches". CBC. March 31, 2016.
  10. ^ "Tenuous Tie Continues in Winnipeg".
  11. ^ "Forum research Inc" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on April 22, 2016. Retrieved March 29, 2016.
  12. ^ "Dead Heat in Winnipeg".
  13. ^ "Mainstreet - Manitoba February 22 | PDF | Opinion Poll | Politics Of Canada". Scribd.
  14. ^ "Mainstreet - Manitoba February 16 | PDF | Opinion Poll | Political Parties". Scribd.
  15. ^ "PCS Dominating in Manitoba".
  16. ^ "PCS Lead, Liberals Second in Manitoba".
  17. ^ "680 CJOB - Winnipeg's News & Information Leader". December 30, 2015. Archived from the original on March 29, 2016.
  18. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on January 23, 2016. Retrieved December 28, 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  19. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 1, 2015. Retrieved September 30, 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  20. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 24, 2015. Retrieved August 4, 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  21. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2016. Retrieved April 7, 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  22. ^ "Nov 2014: Most Manitobans say Selinger should resign: Poll". Winnipeg Free Press. November 4, 2014.
  23. ^ Owen, Bruce (October 9, 2014). "Oct 2014: Liberals only gainers in latest poll numbers". Winnipeg Free Press.
  24. ^ Kusch, Larry (April 7, 2014). "Apr 2014: Tories keep top spot in survey". Winnipeg Free Press.
  25. ^ "680 CJOB - Winnipeg's News & Information Leader".
  26. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on December 27, 2013. Retrieved December 27, 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  27. ^ "New opinion poll suggests Manitoba's NDP government still low in popular support | Metro". metronews.ca. Archived from the original on June 10, 2015. Retrieved January 25, 2022.
  28. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 1, 2014. Retrieved January 30, 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  29. ^ a b "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 19, 2014. Retrieved April 25, 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  30. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 3, 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  31. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 12, 2016. Retrieved August 10, 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  32. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 3, 2016. Retrieved September 13, 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

Further reading

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  • Levasseur, Karine; Rounce, Andrea; Ferguson, Barry; Koop, Royce, eds. (2019). Understanding the Manitoba Election 2016: Campaigns, Participation, Issues, Place. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Press. ISBN 978-0-88755-548-0.
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