5,6-Dihydroxyindole is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C8H7NO2. It is an intermediate in the production of the biological pigment eumelanin.[2] 5,6-Dihydroxyindole is biosynthesized from L-dopachrome in a reaction catalyzed by a tyrosinase enzyme and is further converted into indole-5,6-quinone.[3] In humans, 5,6-dihydroxyindole is involved in the metabolic disorder hawkinsinuria.[3]
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| Names | |
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| IUPAC name
1H-Indole-5,6-diol
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Other names
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| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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| ChEMBL | |
| ChemSpider | |
| DrugBank | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.101.149 |
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| KEGG | |
PubChem CID
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| UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |
| C8H7NO2 | |
| Molar mass | 149.149 g·mol−1 |
| Hazards | |
| GHS labelling:[1] | |
  
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| Danger | |
| H302, H318, H411 | |
| P264, P264+P265, P270, P273, P280, P301+P317, P305+P354+P338, P317, P330, P391, P501 | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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In some insects, 5,6-dihydroxyindole is a reactive compound that is produced as a component of defense responses and has antibacterial and antifungal activity.[4]
A laboratory synthesis of 5,6-dihydroxyindole can be accomplished starting from 3,4-dibenzyloxybenzaldehyde.[5] This compound is condensed with nitromethane in a Henry reaction, followed by nitration, reduction of the nitro groups, and hydrogenolysis of the benzyl protecting groups.
References
edit- ^ "5,6-Dihydroxyindole". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
- ^ d'Ischia, Marco; Napolitano, Alessandra; Pezzella, Alessandro (2011). "5,6-Dihydroxyindole Chemistry: Unexplored Opportunities Beyond Eumelanin". European Journal of Organic Chemistry. 2011 (28): 5501–5516. doi:10.1002/ejoc.201100796.
- ^ a b "5,6-Dihydroxyindole". Human Metabolome Database.
- ^ Zhao, Picheng; Lu, Zhiqiang; Strand, Michael R.; Jiang, Haobo (2011). "Antiviral, anti-parasitic, and cytotoxic effects of 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI), a reactive compound generated by phenoloxidase during insect immune response". Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 41 (9): 645–652. doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2011.04.006. PMC 3129360. PMID 21554953.
- ^ Crane, Stuart W.; Ghafur, Omair; Cowie, Thomas Y.; Lindsay, Anita G.; Thompson, James O. F.; Greenwood, Jason B.; Bebbington, Magnus W. P.; Townsend, Dave (2019). "Dynamics of electronically excited states in the eumelanin building block 5,6-dihydroxyindole" (PDF). Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 21 (15): 8152–8160. Bibcode:2019PCCP...21.8152C. doi:10.1039/C9CP00620F. PMID 30933211. S2CID 89621632.