Wikipedia

50th Anniversary World Tour

The 50th Anniversary World Tour (or sometimes called Return to Forever Tour) was a worldwide tour by German rock band Scorpions. It started on 1 May 2015 in Zhenjiang and finished in Berlin on 2 December 2016. It was in the support of band's eighteenth studio album Return to Forever and it was also celebration of band's fifty years in music business. Tour was ranked by Pollstar at No. 79 at their "Top 100 Worldwide Tour" chart for 2015 with total gross of $22,400,000 and total of 375.576 tickets sold from 51 concerts. It was also ranged by Pollstar at No. 68 at their "Top 100 Worldwide Tour" chart for 2016 with total gross of $26,200,000 and total of 383,398 tickets sold from 59 concerts. It was, also, the last Scorpions worldwide tour to feature James Kottak and first worldwide tour to feature Mikkey Dee as a band's official drummer.

50th Anniversary World Tour
Tour by Scorpions
Promotional poster for the tour
LocationAsia, Europe, North America, Oceania, South America
Associated albumReturn to Forever
Start dateMay 1, 2015 (2015-05-01)
End dateDecember 2, 2016 (2016-12-02)
Legs16
No. of shows126
Box office$48,600,000
(According to Pollstar)
Scorpions concert chronology
  • Get Your Sting and Blackout World Tour
    (2010–2014)
  • 50th Anniversary World Tour
    (2015–2016)
  • Crazy World Tour
    (2017–2020)

Background

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In 2010 Scorpions announced farewell tour. Before they retire, they wanted to release a bonus track album from leftovers from seventies and eighties just for the fans. After playing the final show in Munich in December 2012, band planned to take a break and go on vacation. In January 2013, MTV contacted the band and asked if they are interested in doing the MTV Unplugged album. They agreed on doing that project and turned out to be successful. That whole thing pushed back the bonus track project. As soon as they have finished the MTV Unplugged project, band immediately went back to studio to work on bonus track project. Band was listening the recordings they have already prepared for the project. They were happy with the result and Rudolf Schenker said that he has a tape with some songs that they could also use for this project. While searching for the tape, Schenker found an old ledger in which his mother enumerated the loans that his father provided to him, so he could buy all the equipment and establish the band. He looked into the book and it said: "September, 1965". He went back to the studio and told the band what he found and their manager said that it would be great idea to celebrate 50th Anniversary since they are the only German band who is 50 years in music and one of the few in the world along with The Rolling Stones, The Who, Beach Boys and Pink Floyd. Manager suggested to the band that they contact the promoters and see if they were interested in the band doing the 50th Anniversary Tour. Then Schenker suggested that if the band was going to do a 50th Anniversary Tour, then the band needed to release a brand new studio album. So the band went again into the listening process of bonus track material that they had already prepared and see if they could improve something, like choruses and riffs. After that, they re-recorded the old stuff and started to write new songs with the producers Mikael Nord Andersson and Martin Hansen. The result was the album Return to Forever.[1]

On 16 August 2014 Scorpions released through their social media a promotional picture with which they announced 50th Anniversary Tour and new studio album for 2015.[2] On 18 December 2014, band announced 2015 spring and summer European tour dates as well as German tour dates for the March 2016.[3] North American dates for September and October 2016 with special quest Queensrÿche were announced on 16 June 2015, on very same day when were released North American release dates for the album Return to Forever (2015) and first single "We Built This House".[4] On 1 May 2015, band performed on Changjiang International Music Festival in front of 100,000 people, making this their first performance in China in their career.[5] Between 13 and 21 May 2016, Scorpions have performed their first time ever concert residency at The Joint in Las Vegas. Originally, the band received an offer to do a full month residency concert, but it didn't work out for various reasons, so the band was only able to perform five shows.[6] On 18 October 2016, Scorpions performed in Palais Theatre in Melbourne, Australia, marking their first concert in Australia in their career.[7] A concert in Bangkok scheduled for 26 October 2016 was cancelled because of the death of king Bhumibol Adulyadej.[8]

Stage and performances

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Show set was designed by Günter Jäckle and Rainer Becker designed lighting. Manfred Nikitser, associated lighting designer and director also joined production team. Nikitser chose two GrandMA2 full-size desks, one grandMA2 light, 2 MA VPU plus MK2 video processing units, 2 MA NPU network processing units and 2 MA network switches. The lights used consist of 36 Clay Paky A.leda B-EYE K20s, 8 Sharpy Wash 330s, 10 Mythos units and 20 Stormy CCs. Stage design also consists of a big L.E.D. back screen, a set screen, and two IMAG screens. The set also has four crossbars and ladders. Stage also features flying platform with drum kit with the Sharpy Wash lights placed underneath. Nikister said that those lights were chosen because those lights are the best from point of compactness, high output and speed. PRG Nocturne provided all the equipment. MANIK Show Lighting and Manfred Nikitser managed the Lighting control console and MA VPUs. The visual content was dealt with by Hans-Otto Richter and Nikitser.[9]

Every show started with a sound of sirens and curtain falling down. After that, band opened show with song "Going Out With a Bang" following with songs "Make It Real" and "The Zoo". During the performance of the song "The Zoo", Meine would tossing his cowbell drumsticks into the crowd. That song was followed by an instrumental "Coast to Coast" which lead to so-called "70's Medley" during which the band performed snippets of the songs "Top of the Bill", "Steamrock Fever", "Speedy's Coming" and "Catch Your Train". Medley was followed by performance of the song "We Built This House" and electric guitar instrumental "Delicate Dance" during which Matthias Jabs plays electric guitar with a guest guitar player,his technician,Ingo Powitzer. "Delicate Dance" was followed with an "Acoustic Medley" during which band plays acoustic versions of the songs "Always Somewhere", "Eye of the Storm" and "Send Me an Angel". That followed with "Wind of Change", "Rock 'n' Roll Band" and "Dynamite". After that James Kottak played his drum solo while his drum platform was risen above the stage. During his performance, pictures of all band's album covers were shown on the screen. When Kottak finished with his drum solo, band would return to stage to play "Blackout" during which Rudolf Schenker played electric guitar with dry ice dispenser. Band finished concert with "No One Like You" and "Big City Nights". After the concert was done, band return to stage to play "Still Loving You" and "Rock You Like a Hurricane".[10][11][12][13][14] During the concert in Barclays Center In Brooklyn on 12 September 2015, 12-year old guitarist Brandon Niederauer joined the band on stage to play guitar on song "No One Like You".[15]

Live streaming and recordings

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Scorpions teamed up with Yahoo! for their first global live streaming. Yahoo! streamed band's live performance on 12 September 2015 at 9:10 p.m. ET from Barclays Center in Brooklyn. Live streaming was available for desktop computers on Yahoo! Screen website and through Yahoo! Screen application for mobile devices with iOS and Android or connected devices (Apple TV, Roku, Xbox).[16] On 22 April 2016, band released version of the album Return to Forever (2015) called Return to Forever: Tour Edition which has seven bonus tracks and two bonus DVD's. Those DVDs include full performances of the band on Barclays Center, full band's performance on Hellfest on 20 June 2015 and documentary called On the Road in America directed by Dennis Dirksen. Filmed in Los Angeles, Santa Barbara and Las Vegas, documentary takes a look at the group's impressive longevity and continued popularity in the United States.[17]

Klaus Meine health issues and departure of James Kottak

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On 21 March 2016, 30 minutes into the concert at Barclaycard Arena in Hamburg, Klaus Meine complained about sore throat. Band was forced to stop the concert and Meine went for medical exam. He was diagnosed with advanced viral infection and larynx and trachea inflammation. To get whole health situation under control, Meine went under the medical treatment and doctors banned him to sing for several weeks and because of that, concerts at Lanxess Arena in Cologne, Arena Leipzig in Leipzig, Festhalle in Frankfurt, Mercedes-Benz Arena in Berlin and Barclaycard Arena in Hamburg had to be postponed.[18] Around that time, James Kottak had some personal issues and he went to Eric Claptons's Crossroads Centre in Antigua for one month rehab treatment. While staying there, Kottak decided to stay for two more weeks with a plan to go back on the tour with the band right after the treatment. Band members advised him to take advantage of this treatment and that he stays longer. They said that they will call Mikkey Dee to replace him as a drummer on the upcoming tour dates and Kottak agreed on that. He stayed in Crossroads Centre until end of July 2016 and he stayed there for total of 92 days. Since the next batch of concerts was in South America in September 2016, all the band's sound equipment and instruments were transporting there at that time. Since swapping Dee's drums and equipment with Kottak's would cost between 25,000-$30,000, Kottak and rest of the band agreed that is better for Dee to finish rest of the tour since there were only small number of shows left. Kottak decided to stay at home for a little while and next time when he and band talked, they mutually agreed that it just doesn't make any sense for him to continue playing with the band.[19]

Critical and commercial reception

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Seb Male from The Edge said about the band's performance on Ramblin' Man Fair in 2015: " Scorpions were nearly half an hour late on stage, prompting some disappointed fans to head over to watch Camel on the Prog Stage instead, but when they finally did arrive they were definitely on form. Klaus Meine remains pitch-perfect after all these years".[20] Jason MacNeil from Toronto Sun said about the concert in Molson Canadian Amphitheatre on 18 September 2015 that "it seems the band is running on fumes".[10] Mark LePage from Montreal Gazette said about the concert in Bell Centre on 19 September 2015 that "At 67, Meine could easily have passed for a decade younger in both appearance and voice. Hell, the whole band was in fighting trim, from drummer James Kottak to guitarists Matthias Jabs and Rudolf Schenker. Metal makes old bones, and metal rules".[11] Alan Cox from Denver Post said about the concert in Greenwood Village on 29 September 2015 that "It was symbolic of how, despite the many years of playing, the band is still out on the road and still giving their fans what they want–to be rocked like a hurricane".[12] Raymond Ahner from National Rock Review gave positive review about concert SAP Center at San Jose on 1 October 2015 stating that "it was clear that even after fifty years, the Scorpions still know what it takes to deliver a big arena rock show".[13] Cassandra Miasnikov from Santa Barbara Independent praised the show in Santa Barbara Bowl on 6 October 2015 by saying "The Scorpions proved that they deserve every bit of credit they've achieved as one of the most prominent and longest lasting rock bands in the world".[14]

50th Anniversary World Tour was ranked by Pollstar at #79 at their "Top 100 Worldwide Tour" chart for 2015 with total gross of $22,400,000 and total of 375.576 tickets sold from 51 concerts.[21] It was also ranged by Pollstar at #68 at their "Top 100 Worldwide Tour" chart for 2016 with total gross of $26,200,000 and total of 383.398 tickets sold from 59 concerts.[22]

Tour dates

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Date City Country Venue Opening acts Attendance Revenue
Leg 1: Asia
1 May 2015 Zhenjiang China Chang Jiang International Music Festival — — —
Leg 2: Europe
8 May 2015 Pardubice Czech Republic Tipsport Arena — — —
9 May 2015 Łódź Poland Atlas Arena
14 May 2015 Novosibirsk Russia Ice Sports Palace Sibir
16 May 2015 Tyumen Sports Palace Tyumen
18 May 2015 Yekaterinburg KRK Uralets
20 May 2015 Perm Universal Sports Palace Molot
25 May 2015 Saint Petersburg Ice Palace
27 May 2015 Moscow Olimpiyskiy Stadium
29 May 2015 Ufa Ufa Arena
31 May 2015 Kazan Tatneft Arena
3 June 2015 Nizhny Novgorod Trud Stadium
5 June 2015 Voronezh Ice Sports Palace Yubileyny
7 June 2015 Krasnodar Basket-Hall Krasnodar
10 June 2015 Minsk Belarus Minsk-Arena
20 June 2015 Clisson France Hellfest
21 June 2015 Dessel Belgium Graspop Metal Meeting
2 July 2015 Hérouville-Saint Clair France Festival Beauregard [fr]
18 July 2015 Sion Switzerland Plaine de Tourbillon (with Gotthard)
19 July 2015 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois France Guitare En Scène Festival
23 July 2015 Barcelona Spain Barcelona Rock Fest
25 July 2015 Maidstone England Ramblin' Man Fair (Mote Park)
31 July 2015 Hamina Finland Bastioni
1 August 2015 Jakobstad Jakobstads Centralplan
Leg 3: Asia
7 August 2015 Incheon South Korea Pentaport Rock Festival — — —
Leg 4: Europe
21 August 2015 Coburg Germany Schloßplatz [de] — — —
Leg 5: North America[4]
10 September 2015 Boston United States Leader Bank Pavilion Queensrÿche[4] — —
12 September 2015 Brooklyn Barclays Center
13 September 2015 Gilford Meadowbrook 3,454 / 7,348[23] $163,982[23]
16 September 2015 Moncton Canada Moncton Coliseum — —
18 September 2015 Toronto Molson Canadian Amphitheatre
19 September 2015 Montreal Bell Centre 9,507 / 9,507[24] $514,128[24]
22 September 2015 Columbus United States LC Pavilion 3,085 / 3,500[25] $122,553[25]
23 September 2015 Cleveland Jacobs Pavilion at Nautica — —
25 September 2015 Windsor Canada Caesars Windsor
26 September 2015 Rosemont United States Allstate Arena
29 September 2015 Greenwood Village Fiddler's Green Amphitheatre
1 October 2015 San Jose SAP Center at San Jose
3 October 2015 Inglewood The Forum 10,572 / 10,572[25] $889,797[25]
6 October 2015 Santa Barbara Santa Barbara Bowl 3,988 / 4,555[26] $311,675[26]
7 October 2015 Las Vegas The Joint 2,920 / 2,920[27] $342,075[27]
9 October 2015 Kent ShoWare Center — —
Leg 6: Europe[28][29][30]
9 November 2015 Rome Italy PalaLottomatica Rhapsody of Fire[28] — —
11 November 2015 Milan Mediolanum Forum Gamma Ray[28]
13 November 2015 Trieste PalaTrieste Rhapsody of Fire[28]
21 November 2015 Lille France Zénith de Lille Europe[29]
22 November 2015 Antwerp Belgium Sportpaleis Thunder[30] 4,669 / 8,000[31] $247,944[31]
24 November 2015 Paris France AccorHotels Arena Europe[29] — —
26 November 2015 Strasbourg Zénith de Strasbourg
28 November 2015 Zürich Switzerland Hallenstadion —
30 November 2015 Lyon France Halle Tony Garnier Europe[29]
1 December 2015 Montpellier Park&Suites Arena
3 December 2015 Bordeaux Patinoire Meradeck
4 December 2015 Toulouse Zenith
6 December 2015 Grenoble Palais des Sports
8 December 2015 Geneve Switzerland Geneva Arena
Leg 7: Europe
17 February 2016 Odesa Ukraine Odesa Sports Palace — — —
19 February 2016 Kyiv Palace of Sports
22 February 2016 Riga Latvia Arena Riga
24 February 2016 Kaunas Lithuania Žalgirio Arena
27 February 2016 Prague Czech Republic O2 Arena
29 February 2016 Budapest Hungary László Papp Budapest Sports Arena
2 March 2016 Kosice Slovakia Steel Arena
4 March 2016 Kraków Poland Tauron Arena
12 March 2016 Esch-Sur-Alzette Luxembourg Rockhal
14 March 2016 Stuttgart Germany Schleyerhalle
16 March 2016 Munich Olympiahalle
18 March 2016 Dortmund Westfalenhallen
19 March 2016 Mannheim SAP Arena
21 March 2016 Hamburg Barclaycard Arena 6,444 / 9,905 $418,765
Leg 8: North America
6 May 2016 Concord United States Carolina Rebellion — 90,091/96,000[32] $5,063,330[32]
7 May 2016 Atlanta Chastain Park Amphitheater — —
9 May 2016 Nashville Grand Ole Opry 1,994/4,404[33] $185,890[33]
10 May 2016 St. Louis Fox Theatre — —
13 May 2016 Las Vegas The Joint (Blacked Out in Vegas) 11,537/13,278[34] $1,294,975[34]
14 May 2016
18 May 2016
20 May 2016
21 May 2016
24 May 2016 El Paso Don Haskins Arena — —
25 May 2016 Albuquerque Isleta Amphitheater
28 May 2016 Pryor Creek Rocklahoma 63,993/72,000[32] $3,200,219[32]
29 May 2016 San Antonio River City Rockfest — —
1 June 2016 Monterrey Mexico Monterrey Arena
3 June 2016 Mexico City Mexico City Arena
4 June 2016 Guadalajara Telmex Auditorium
Leg 9: Europe
18 June 2016 Hinwil Switzerland Rock The Ring — — —
20 June 2016 Tilloloy France Château de Tilloloy
23 June 2016 Copenhagen Denmark Copenhell Festival
28 June 2016 Lisbon Portugal Meo Arena
30 June 2016 Bilbao Spain Arena Miribilla
2 July 2016 Cordoba Plaza de Toros
3 July 2016 Madrid Barclaycard Arena
12 July 2016 Istanbul Turkey Küçükçiftlik Park
14 July 2016 Tel Aviv Israel Menora Mivtachim Arena
16 July 2016 Bucharest Romania Romexpo
17 July 2016 Sofia Bulgaria Armeets Arena
20 July 2016 Athens Greece Plateia Nerou Faliro
23 July 2016 Regensburg Germany Castle Thurn und Taxis
29 July 2016 Kaarina Finland Hovirinnan Ranta
30 July 2016 Nilsia Tahko Spa Arena
1 August 2016 Carcassonne France Festival de Carcassonne
2 August 2016 Monte-Carlo Monaco Sporting Summer Festival
Leg 10: Asia
14 August 2016 Beijing China Worker's Gymnasium — — —
Leg 11: Europe
20 August 2016 Batumi Georgia Black Sea Arena — — —
Leg 12: South America
1 September 2016 São Paulo Brazil Credicard Hall — 16,637/20,022[35] $1,367,060[35]
3 September 2016
4 September 2016
8 September 2016 Fortaleza Arena Do CFO 10,995/12,726[35] $753,313[35]
11 September 2016 Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan 5,871/8,384[35] $519,671[35]
13 September 2016 Santiago Chile Moviestar Arena 10,940/14,974[35] $646,718[35]
15 September 2016 Buenos Aires Argentina Microestadio Cubierto Malvinas Argentinas — —
18 September 2016 Asunción Paraguay Jockey Club
Leg 13: Asia
3 October 2016 Taipei Taiwan Nangang Exhibition Hall — — —
6 October 2016 Tokyo Japan Zepp Divercity
8 October 2016 Saitama Saitama Super Arena (Loud Park Festival)
11 October 2016 Osaka Grand Cube
Leg 14: Oceania
15 October 2016 Nouméa New Caledonia Hippodrome Henri Milliard — — —
18 October 2016 Melbourne Australia Palais Theatre — 2,896 / 2,896 —
Leg 15: Asia
21 October 2016 Singapore Singapore Suntec Convention and Exhibition Centre — — —
23 October 2016 Hanoi Vietnam Monsoon Music Festival – The Citadel of Thăng Lon [36]
29 October 2016 Selangor Malaysia Sepang International Circuit
Leg 16: Europe
20 November 2016 Dijon France Zenith — — —
23 November 2016 Cologne Germany Lanxesse Arena
25 November 2016 Leipzig Arena Leipzig
27 November 2016 Frankfurt Festhalle
29 November 2016 Hamburg Barclaycard-Arena 6,444/9,905[37] $418,765[37]
2 December 2016 Berlin Mercedes Benz Arena — —

References

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  1. ^ "We'll Burn The Sky: A Conversation With Rudolf Schenker of Scorpions". Steel for Brains. 16 August 2014. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  2. ^ "Scorpions To Celebrate 50th Anniversary In 2015 With New Studio Album, Tour". Blabbermouth.net. 16 August 2014. Retrieved 9 December 2017.
  3. ^ "Scorpions Announce First Dates for 50th Anniversary Tour". Ultimate Classic Rock. 18 December 2014. Retrieved 9 December 2017.
  4. ^ a b c "Scorpions Return To Forever Celebrating 50 Years". Sony Music. 16 June 2015. Retrieved 9 December 2017.
  5. ^ "Rock group Scorpions to perform two shows in China". China Daily. 1 August 2016. Retrieved 9 December 2017.
  6. ^ "Scorpions Reissue 'Return to Forever', Set for First-Ever Las Vegas Residency in May". Billboard. 22 April 2016. Retrieved 9 December 2017.
  7. ^ "SCORPIONS To Perform In Australia For The First Time Ever In October 2016". Brave Words & Bloody Knuckles. 21 June 2016. Retrieved 9 December 2017.
  8. ^ "What's Canceled, Closed and Open in Bangkok During Mourning Period (Updated)". Khao Sod. 14 October 2016. Retrieved 9 December 2017.
  9. ^ "Clay Paky accompanies the Scorpions: fifty years of rock history on tour". Clay Paky. 27 July 2015. Retrieved 9 December 2017.
  10. ^ a b "Scorpions running on fumes at Toronto show". Toronto Sun. 20 September 2015. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
  11. ^ a b "Concert review: Scorpions at the Bell Centre, Sept. 19, 2015". Montreal Gazette. 20 September 2015. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
  12. ^ a b "Scorpions, Queensryche at Fiddler's Green (photos)". Denver Post. 30 September 2015. Retrieved 2 December 2017.
  13. ^ a b "Scorpions at the SAP Center in San Jose, CA on 01-Sep-2015". National Rock Review. 6 October 2015. Retrieved 2 December 2017.
  14. ^ a b "The Scorpions Take the S.B. Bowl By Storm". Santa Barbara Independent. 9 October 2015. Retrieved 2 December 2017.
  15. ^ "Scorpions Perform "No One Like You" with 12-Year-Old Guitar Prodigy — Video". Guitar World. 27 July 2015. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  16. ^ "SCORPIONS Partners With Yahoo To Live Stream Concert". Bravewords. 26 August 2015. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
  17. ^ "Scorpions Reissuing 'Return to Forever' With Bonus Material". Ultimate Classic Rock. 24 March 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
  18. ^ "Scorpions cancel German tour dates on doctor's orders". Classic Rock. 23 March 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
  19. ^ "James Kottak On His Split With Scorpions: 'It Was Actually A Relief'". Blabbermouth.net. 9 October 2017. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
  20. ^ "Review: Ramblin' Man Fair 2015". The Edge. 7 August 2015. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
  21. ^ "2015 Pollstar Year End Top 100 Worldwide Tours" (PDF). Pollstar. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 March 2017. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
  22. ^ "2016 Pollstar Year End Top 100 Worldwide Tours" (PDF). Pollstar. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 May 2017. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
  23. ^ a b "Current Boxscore". Billboard. Archived from the original on 27 September 2015. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  24. ^ a b "Current Boxscore". Billboard. Archived from the original on 29 September 2015. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  25. ^ a b c d "Current Boxscore". Billboard. Archived from the original on 15 October 2015. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  26. ^ a b "Current Boxscore". Billboard. Archived from the original on 29 October 2015. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  27. ^ a b "Current Boxscore". Billboard. Archived from the original on 22 October 2015. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  28. ^ a b c d Promotional poster for 50th Anniversary World Tour concerts in Rome, Milan and Trieste Live Nation Entertainment, 2015.
  29. ^ a b c d Promotional poster for 50th Anniversary World Tour concerts in France Live Nation Entertainment, 2015.
  30. ^ a b "Scorpions - 50th Anniversary World Tour". Sportpaleis. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  31. ^ a b "Current Boxscore". Billboard. Archived from the original on 28 January 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  32. ^ a b c d "Current Boxscore". Billboard. Archived from the original on 1 July 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  33. ^ a b "Current Boxscore". Billboard. Archived from the original on 7 July 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  34. ^ a b "Current Boxscore". Billboard. Archived from the original on 5 June 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  35. ^ a b c d e f g h "Current Boxscore". Billboard. Archived from the original on 14 October 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  36. ^ "Boney M, Scorpions, Chris Norman set to perform in Hanoi | Arts & Culture". Thanh Nien Daily. 5 September 2016. Retrieved 17 December 2017.[dead link‍]
  37. ^ a b "Current Boxscore". Billboard. Archived from the original on 16 June 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
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