53rd Division or 53rd Infantry Division may refer to:
- 53rd Division (1st Formation)(People's Republic of China), 1949–1957
- 53rd Infantry Division (France)
- 53rd Reserve Division (German Empire)
- 53rd Infantry Division Arezzo, an Italian division of World War II
- 53rd Division (Imperial Japanese Army)
- 53rd (Welsh) Infantry Division, a British division of World Wars I and II
- 53 Division (Sri Lanka)