In military terms, 59th Division may refer to:
- Infantry divisions
- 59th Division (People's Republic of China)
- 59th Mountain Infantry Division Cagliari - Italian Army of World War II
- 59th (2nd North Midland) Division - British infantry division in World War I
- 59th (Staffordshire) Infantry Division - British infantry division in World War II
- 59th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)
- 59th Infantry Division (Russian Empire)
- 59th Rifle Division (RSFSR)
- 59th Guards Rifle Division (Soviet Union)
- 59th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)
- 59th Division (Spain)
Armored divisions