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61st Cavalry (India)

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The 61st Cavalry Regiment is a horse-mounted cavalry regiment of the Indian Army. It is notable for being one of the largest, and also one of the last, operational non mechanised horse-mounted cavalry units in the world. Formerly deployed into active conflict, the 61st Cavalry is currently employed on ceremonial occasions, though it can be deployed for internal security or provide military aid to the civil power.[2]

61st Cavalry
Active1953–present
Country India
AllegianceIndia
Branch Indian Army
TypeCavalry
SizeRegiment
Motto(s)अश्व-शक्ति यशोबल
"Ashva Shakti Yashobal" (Horse Power is Supreme Strength)
EquipmentHorse
DecorationsPadma Shri 1
Sarvottam Jeevan Raksha Padak 1
VSM 6
COAS Commendation Card 53
CNS Commendation Card 51
VCOAS Commendation Card 7
Army Commander's Commendation Card 152
CISC Commendation Card 7
Battle honoursHaifa
Commanders
Colonel of
the Regiment		General Manoj Pande PVSM AVSM VSM ADC [1]
Insignia
Abbreviation61 Cav
Officers of the Jodhpur Lancers in Linghem, France, 1915
Indian lancers in Haifa, 1918
Teen Murti Memorial in New Delhi, built 1922
Mysore Lancers Memorial, Bangalore

The regiment is presently based in Jaipur.[3] The 61st Cavalry regiment and the President's Bodyguard parade in full dress uniform for the Delhi Republic Day parade each year, in what is probably the largest assemblage of traditional cavalry still to be seen in the world.

Modern role

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The 61st Cavalry regiment is one of the few non-mechanised horse mounted cavalry regiments in the world, alongside such units as the Household Cavalry Mounted Regiment of the British Army and the Presidential Cavalry Escort Battalion of the Kremlin Regiment of the Federal Protective Service.[4] While a number of armies still maintain mounted units for parade and other ceremonial purposes, only the People's Liberation Army maintains an operational squadron-sized mounted cavalry unit for frontier duties.[5]

History

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The 61 Cavalry contingent passes through the Rajpath during the 62nd Republic Day Parade-2011, in New Delhi on 26 January 2011

Formation

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At the time of Indian Independence in 1947, the only mounted cavalry remaining in service were the Governor General's Bodyguard and several units that had formed part of the Imperial Service State Forces, provided by the Indian Princely States.[6] Upon the integration of the State Forces into the Indian Army in 1951, the remaining horsed cavalry units were reorganized and reconstituted into the Gwalior Lancers, the Jodhpur/Kachhawa Horse, the Mysore Lancers, and B Squadron, 2nd Patiala Lancers.

In May 1953 it was decided to amalgamate these separate horsed cavalry units into a single regiment. On 1 October 1953 the "New Horsed Cavalry Regiment" was established at Gwalior, with Lieutenant Colonel Phulel Singh of the Jammu and Kashmir State Forces as its first Commandant. The new regiment was re-designated as the "61st Cavalry Regiment" in January 1954.

The following cavalry regiments were amalgamated to form the 61st Cavalry:

  • Gwalior Lancers, formed by amalgamation of 1st and 2nd Gwalior Lancers
  • Jodhpur/Kachhawa Horse, formed by amalgamation of Dungal Lancers, Mangal Lancers, Jodhpur Lancers, Kachhawa Horse, Mewar Lancers, Rajendra Lancers and Sardar Rissalia
  • Mysore Lancers
  • B Squadron, 2 Patiala Lancers
  • Saurashtra Horsed Cavalry Squadron

Deployments

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During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, 61st Cavalry was deployed as part of the 67th Infantry Brigade, commanded by Brigadier Bant Singh, to cover approaches to Ganganagar, under then-Commandant Lieutenant Colonel Thakur Govind Singh. The area of responsibility was nearly a 100 km (62 mi) of semi-desert terrain. While armed police detachments manned border outposts to mark sovereignty, 61st Cavalry carried out intensive night patrols on horseback. No enemy infiltration or penetration was reported.[7][8]

In 1970, Lieutenant General Mohinder Singh Wadalia, the regiment's long-standing colonel, retired. During this time, when the Indian Army was being pruned, it was suggested that the unit's future depended on having a strong, energetic successor.[9] In a strategic move it was decided to invite the then-Army Chief, General Sam Manekshaw, to be the next colonel of the 61st Cavalry.[10] Manekshaw realised that the 61st Cavalry needed a change in role, otherwise the military and civilian bureaucracy would mechanise it. In the prelude to the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, Manekshaw moved the regiment to Delhi to guard the Rashtrapati Bhawan, ensure the internal defence of Delhi, and conduct dismounted ceremonials. The 61st Cavalry presented the first guard of honour to Sheikh Mujibur Rahman on his release from a Pakistani prison in January 1972.[7][11]

In 1974, the Krishna Rao Committee, in its report on the Army's reorganisation, recommended a cutdown in the 61st Cavalry's strength. Consequently, a whole sabre squadron was disbanded along with specialist troops for mortars, medium machine guns, light machine guns, and signals communication. One sabre squadron was permanently stationed at Delhi for performing ceremonial duties.[7][12]

In 1977, the regiment participated in the Military Tattoo at Pune and the Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoo in Scotland to commemorate the Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II.[11]

The regiment has taken part in several combat operations, including Operation Pawan, Operation Rakshak, Operation Vijay, and Operation Parakram.[7]

Possible mechanisation and disbandment

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Based on the recommendations of the 2016 Shekatkar Committee report, the Indian Army reportedly initiated a move in mid-2020 to mechanise the 61st Cavalry and create a new armoured regiment. The move plans to bring together three independent squadrons of other regiments under the headquarters of 61st Cavalry to form the new armoured regiment. The move is being initiated to cut costs and draws from a proposal to change the regiment's role to an active armoured regiment.[13]

Battle honours

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The 61st Cavalry has 39 battle honours passed on from its predecessors, including "China, 1900", "Cambrai, 1917", "Waziristan, 1917", "France and Flanders 1914-1918", "Suez Canal – Egypt, 1917-1918", "Gaza", "Megiddo", "Sharon", "Damascus and Palestine, 1917-1918", "Afghanistan, 1919", and "Haifa-Aleppo, 1919".[14]

Cenotaph

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The Teen Murti Memorial is a cenotaph memorializing soldiers from the 15th (Imperial Service) Cavalry Brigade, from the princely states of Jodhpur, Hyderabad, and Mysore, who fought and died under British command while taking part in the Battle of Haifa on 23 September 1918, during World War I. The capture of Haifa and its port allowed the Allies to send supplies closer to the front.[15][16]

23 September is remembered annually in India as Haifa Day, commemorating the 15th Cavalry Brigade's actions during the Battle of Haifa.[13]

Regimental insignia

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The regimental insignia is adapted from the Gandaberunda of the Mysore Lancers. It consists of the two headed eagle and a scroll below with the words 'Sixty First Cavalry'. The shoulder title consists of "61C" in brass. The motto of the regiment is अश्व-शक्ति यशोबल (Ashva Shakti Yashobal) which translates to ‘"Horse Power is Supreme Strength".

Recruitment

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The regiment recruits Rajputs, Marathas, and Qaimkhanis in equal numbers.[17] This ratio was established on Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru's instructions.[18]

Sports

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The regiment has a strong polo tradition, producing some of India's best polo players.[19][20] Members of the regiment have won 12 Arjuna awards—India's highest award for outstanding sportsmen—five times for polo and seven times for equestrian events.[21][6][22]

Notable servicemen

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  • Captain Manjinder Singh Bhinder, who died off-duty during the 1997 Uphaar cinema fire while attempting to guide theatregoers to safety.[23]
  • Colonel Ravi Rathore, an Indian polo player and an Arjuna awardee. He has been the commandant of the 61st Cavalry and is the highest handicapped polo player in the Indian Army.[24][25][26]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "COAS, Col of the Regt 61 Cavalry Presented With Accruements of the Regt". 14 June 2017. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
  2. ^ Dallal, Henry (2008). Horse warriors: India's 61st Cavalry. Pageantry & performance series. Great Britain: Henry Dallal. ISBN 9780954408312.
  3. ^ "Explainer: Why Is the Indian Army's 61 Cavalry Regiment Being Downsized?". 18 May 2020. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
  4. ^ Cossack Cavalry Acting in Russian Films Archived 21 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. CNN (transcript), Aired 10 March 2002 - 11:58ET
  5. ^ Global Times 20 November 2009 and Xinhua News Agency 22 August 2011
  6. ^ a b "Explainer: Why Is the Indian Army's 61 Cavalry Regiment Being Downsized?". 18 May 2020. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
  7. ^ a b c d Bajwa, Mandeep Singh (22 May 2020). "Military Digest: 61st Cavalry rides into the sunset". The Indian Express. Retrieved 5 December 2020.
  8. ^ Praval, KC (2009). Indian Army After Independence. Lancer Publishers. ISBN 978-1935501107.
  9. ^ Singh, Depinder (2002). Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw Soldiering with Dignity. Natraj Publishers. ISBN 978-8185019024.
  10. ^ "Gazette of India, 1971, No. 8" (PDF). 20 February 1971. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
  11. ^ a b "Polo, touch of royalty & chivalry, WW-I – 61st cavalry's new role snaps link with history". 24 May 2020. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
  12. ^ "Rechristening of 61st Cavalry would sever link between past and present". 15 May 2020. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
  13. ^ a b "Cavalry isn't just a ceremonial Army regiment, it played key role in Pakistan standoff too". 16 May 2020. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
  14. ^ David, Altaf Alfroid (1969). Know Your Armed Forces. Army Educational Stores.
  15. ^ "Delhi's Teen Murti Memorial's Connection With Israel's Haifa". News18. 6 July 2017. Retrieved 5 December 2020.
  16. ^ "The Last Gallop". 18 May 2020. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
  17. ^ Gautam, PK (2016). Indigenous Historical Knowledge: Kautilya and His Vocabulary, Volume III. IDSA/Pentagon Press. p. 153. ISBN 978-81-8274-909-2.
  18. ^ "Explainer: Why Is the Indian Army's 61 Cavalry Regiment Being Downsized?". 18 May 2020. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  19. ^ "Mounted Cavalry". Retrieved 3 November 2020.
  20. ^ "61 Cavalry Bags the Army Polo Championship". 16 March 2017. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
  21. ^ "Subedar Sawant gets Arjuna Award for tent pegging". The Hindu. 26 August 2020. Retrieved 26 August 2020.
  22. ^ "Capt Rajpurohit bags gold; 61 Cavalry team silver in Delhi Horse Show". 4 April 2019. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
  23. ^ "The horsemen of the army". 11 July 2014. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
  24. ^ Rajendra Sharma (9 November 1999). "Lost son, refused pension". The Tribune. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
  25. ^ "An officer and a gentleman". The Indian Express (PTI Report). 15 June 1997. Retrieved 7 September 2012.
  26. ^ Chander Suta Dogra (22 September 2014). "Veterans, war widows battle for benefits". The Hindu. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
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