The 763rd Bombardment Squadron was a former United States Army Air Forces unit, activated during World War II. After training in the United States, it deployed to the Mediterranean Theater of Operations, where it participated in the strategic bombing campaign against Germany, and earned a Distinguished Unit Citation for its actions. Following V-E Day, the squadron moved to Brazil, where it became part of Air Transport Command, returning troops to the United States. It was inactivated on 26 September 1945.
| 763rd Bombardment Squadron | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Active | 1943–1945 |
| Country |  United States |
| Branch |  United States Air Force |
| Role | Heavy bomber |
| Engagements | Mediterranean Theater of Operations |
| Decorations | Distinguished Unit Citation |
History
editThe 763rd Bombardment Squadron was first activated at Alamogordo Army Air Field, New Mexico on 1 July 1943 as one of the four original squadrons of the 460th Bombardment Group.[1][2] A cadre of the unit's air echelon went to Orlando Army Air Base, Florida for specialized training with the Army Air Forces School of Applied Tactics. In August, the unit was filled out with ground personnel at Kearns Army Air Base, Utah, then moved to Chatham Army Air Field, Georgia to complete its training with Consolidated B-24 Liberator heavy bombers.[3] Upon completing training, the squadron departed for the Mediterranean Theater of Operations in January 1944.[1][2]
The squadron completed its deployment to Spinazzola Airfield, Italy by the middle of February 1944, and entered the strategic bombing campaign against Germany the following month, with an attack on a marshalling yard and docks at Metković, Yugoslavia.[4] It attacked oil refineries and storage facilities, railroads, industrial areas, including aircraft manufacturing plants in Austria, Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Romania and Yugoslavia.[2]
On 26 July 1944, the squadron was part of a 460th Group formation that led the 55th Bombardment Wing on an attack against an airfield and aircraft manufacturing plant at Zwolfaxing, Austria. It attacked the target through heavy enemy flak and adverse weather, for which it was awarded a Distinguished Unit Citation.[2]
The squadron was occasionally diverted from the strategic bombing mission to perform air interdiction and close air support missions. In August 1944, it supported Operation Dragoon, the invasion of southern France, by attacking submarine pens, marshalling yards and artillery batteries in the area of the amphibious landings. It struck lines of communications, railroads, ammunition dumps and other targets in connection with Operation Grapeshot, the Spring 1945 allied offensive in Northern Italy.[2] The squadron flew its last mission of the war against a target in northern Italy on 26 April 1945.[4]
After V-E Day, the 460th Group and its squadrons were transferred to the South Atlantic Division, Air Transport Command, moving to Parnamirim Field, near Natal, Brazil to participate in the Green Project. Green Project was aimed at transporting 50,000 military personnel a month from the European and Mediterranean Theaters back to the United States, with priority for those that plans called for redeploying to the Pacific.[5] The squadron's combat veterans proved none too happy with this assignment,[6] but continued supporting the project until inactivating on 26 September 1945.[1]
Lineage
edit- Constituted as the 763rd Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) on 19 May 1943
- Activated on 1 July 1943
- Redesignated 763rd Bombardment Squadron, Heavy c. 3 September 1944
- Inactivated on 26 September 1945[1]
Assignments
edit- 460th Bombardment Group, 1 July 1943 – 26 September 1945[1]
Stations
edit- Alamogordo Army Air Field, New Mexico, 1 July 1943
- Kearns Army Air Base, Utah, 31 August 1943
- Chatham Army Air Field, Georgia, 29 October 1943 – 3 January 1944
- Spinazzola Airfield, Italy, c. 11 February 1944 – 6 June 1945
- Waller Field, Trinidad, 15 June 1945
- Parnamirim Field, Brazil, 30 June – 26 September 1945[1]
Aircraft
edit- Consolidated B-24 Liberator, 1943–1945[1]
Awards and campaigns
edit| Award streamer | Award | Dates | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
 |
Distinguished Unit Citation | 26 July 1944 | Austria[1] |
| Campaign Streamer | Campaign | Dates | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
 |
Air Offensive, Europe | c. 11 February 1944 – 5 June 1944 | [1] |
| |
Air Combat, EAME Theater | c. 11 February 1944 – 11 May 1945 | [1] |
| |
Rome-Arno | c. 11 February 1944 – 9 September 1944 | [1] |
| |
Central Europe | 22 March 1944 – 21 May 1945 | [1] |
| |
Normandy | 6 June 1944 – 24 July 1944 | [1] |
| |
Northern France | 25 July 1944 – 14 September 1944 | [1] |
| |
Southern France | 15 August 1944 – 14 September 1944 | [1] |
| |
North Apennines | 10 September 1944 – 4 April 1945 | [1] |
| |
Rhineland | 15 September 1944 – 21 March 1945 | [1] |
| |
Po Valley | 3 April 1945 – 8 May 1945 | [1] |
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American Theater without inscription | 15 June 1945–25 September 1945 | [1] |
See also
editReferences
editNotes
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 742-743
- ^ a b c d e Maurer, Combat Units, p. 335
- ^ Glantzburg, Hughes. "460th Bombardment Group (H): History of the 460th Bombardment Group". 15af.com. Retrieved 7 June 2019.
- ^ a b Glantzburg, Hughes. "460th Bombardment Group (H): 460th Bombardment Group Targets 1944-1945" (PDF). 15af.com. Retrieved 7 June 2019.
- ^ Heck, pp. 216-217
- ^ Heck, p. 219
Bibliography
edit
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency
- Heck, Frank H (1955). "Traffic Homeward Bound" (PDF). In Craven, Wesley F; Cate, James L (eds.). The Army Air Forces in World War II. Vol. VII. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. LCCN 48003657. OCLC 704158. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
- Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1983) [1961]. Air Force Combat Units of World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-02-1. LCCN 61060979. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
- Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1982) [1969]. Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-405-12194-6. LCCN 70605402. OCLC 72556.