The 7th All-Belarusian People's Assembly [a] was a convention of the All-Belarusian People's Assembly, including government officials, members of state-owned enterprises, and other individuals held from 24 to 25 April 2024 in the Palace of the Republic, Minsk. The first such conference since the 2022 Belarusian constitutional referendum that established it as the "highest representative organ of the people's government of [...] Belarus", media associated with the Belarusian opposition largely described it as a further consolidation of absolute power by President Alexander Lukashenko.
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| Native name | VII Усебеларускі народны сход |
|---|---|
| Date | 24–25 April 2024 |
| Venue | Palace of the Republic, Minsk |
| Participants | 1,700 delegates, 200+ guests |
| Outcome | Appointment of Alexander Lukashenko as Chairman of the Presidium of the All-Belarusian People's Assembly, appointment of a 13-member Presidium |
Background
editThe All-Belarusian People's Assembly was established in October 1996 by a presidential decree of Alexander Lukashenko.[1] Prior to 2022 its role was exclusively advisory and it lacked significant powers.
As a result of the 2022 Belarusian constitutional referendum, which was internationally regarded as unfree and unfair, the All-Belarusian People's Assembly was given a constitutional role as "the highest representative organ of the people's government of the Republic of Belarus".[2] According to Lukashenko's proposals after the referendum, the ABPA comprises 1,200 delegates elected to a five-year term. The Prime Minister of Belarus is required to report to the ABPA, and, at the request of the President, it can deploy the Armed Forces of Belarus abroad. It is additionally able to impeach the President and contest the results of elections.[3]
The empowered ABPA has been described by independent political analysts such as Vadzim Mažejka and Arciom Šrajbman as similar to extra-parliamentary bodies in other states, such as the Politburo[4] or Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, or the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China.[5] Pro-democracy activist Anatoly Lebedko characterised the expansion of the ABPA's authorities as consolidating a "super-presidential republic" around Lukashenko.[3]
Membership
editUnder the 2022 constitution, 412 people, slightly over a third of the total of ABPA, are official political elites (parliamentarians, Cabinet members, heads of regional and municipal committees, and judges of the Constitutional and Supreme Courts). A second approximate third are members of local councils ("soviets"). The final approximate third consists of members of government-organized non-governmental organizations (GONGOs), supposedly representing civil society.[6]
Assembly
editThe assembly began on 24 April 2024. That evening, Lukashenko was appointed as Chairman of the ABPA with all but one vote (Natalya Kochanova) in favour.[7] Aliaksandr Kosiniec, former Chief of Staff to the President of Belarus, was selected as deputy chairman.[8]
The assembly was marked by more jingoistic rhetoric on the part of Lukashenko and other delegates, urging Belarus to prepare for war. Independent analyst Valier Karbalievič claimed that this was an effort by Lukashenko to encourage the larger population to support him, threatening Belarusian involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine in an effort to rally the people to his side.[9]
Presidium
editA thirteen-member presidium was selected by unanimous vote,[7] together with Lukashenko and Kosieniec as chair and deputy chair of the presidium.[7][6]
| Name | Belarusian | Russian | Birth | Representation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vadzim Bohuš | Вадзім Богуш | Вадим Богуш | 1975 | Minsk[11] |
| Aliaksandr Brancevič | Аляксандр Бранцэвіч | Александр Бранцевич | 1979 | Vitebsk Region[12] |
| Kanstancin Burak | Канстанцін Бурак | Константин Бурак | ? | Government[13] |
| Dzmitryj Čarniakoŭ | Дзмітрый Чарнякоў | Дмитрий Черняков | ? | State-owned enterprises (Gomel Chemical Factory) |
| Nadzieja Jermakova | Надзея Ермакова | Надежда Ермакова | 1953 | Civil society (Belarusian Union of Women)[14] |
| Uladzimir Karanik | Уладзімір Каранік | Владимир Караник | 1973 | Governors[4] (Grodno Region) |
| Maryna Liančeŭskaja | Марына Лянчэўская | Марина Ленчевская | 1971 | Legislature[15] (House of Representatives) |
| Siarhiej Paliakoŭ | Сяргей Палякоў | Сергей Поляков | ? | Doctors |
| Siarhiej Siviec | Сяргей Сівец | Сергей Сивец | 1973 | Legislature[15] (Council of the Republic) |
| Volha Špilieŭskaja | Вольга Шпілеўская | Ольга Шпилевская | ? | Civil society (Belarusian Union of Women)[16] |
| Ruslan Strachar | Руслан Страхар | Руслан Страхар | ? | Mogilev Region |
| Juryj Šuliejka | Юрый Шулейка | Юрий Шулейко | 1968 | Governors[4] (Brest Region) |
| Iryna Tyliec | Ірына Тылец | Ирина Тылец | ? | Supreme Court |
Analysis
editAccording to Jakob Wöllenstein of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, the changes in ABPA as a result of the 2022 referendum were mainly the effect of negotiation with Russian President Vladimir Putin, who viewed the changes as likely to increase the role of pro-Russian politicans in Belarus. Wöllenstein viewed the actual effect as being seen by Lukashenko as likely to keep ABPA under his own control so that he would remain de facto leader after formally relinquishing the presidency.[6]
In speeches at the April 2024 meeting, Lukashenko's view on the responsibility of ABPA consisted of general statements, such as "how we should continue to live, how we should develop, based on what values we should raise our children and build our social relations", and specific statements of the powers that ABPA lacked. He stated that ABPA does not have the power to replace state bodies or interfere with them. Wöllenstein viewed the effect as providing Lukashenko with a "dormant organ" that would justify retaining power if someone else were elected President of Belarus.[6]
According to Wöllenstein, observers described the 7th Assembly as "reminiscent of the late Brezhnev era: thunderous applause, demonstrative unity, the creation of a dual role for the head of state and a growing personality cult around a ruler in poor health who is of retirement age and who primarily flaunts his own successes and achievements".[6]
Opposition reactions
editPavel Latushko, head of the opposition National Anti-Crisis Management group, referred to delegates to the assembly as "so-called delegates", and expressed the position that the ABPA was "a joke". Latushko also argued that the ABPA was a "transition of government" leading to annexation into Russia,[17] a view shared by Lebedko.[3]
Notes
edit- ^ Belarusian: VII Усебеларускі народны сход, romanized: VII Usiebielaruski narodny schod; Russian: VII Всебелорусское народное собрание, romanized: VII Vsebelorusskoje narodnoje sobranije
References
edit- ^ "Byelorussian President' Administration". Archived from the original on 3 January 2006.
- ^ "Канстытуцыя Рэспублікі Беларусь" [Constitution of the Republic of Belarus]. President of Belarus (in Belarusian). Retrieved 28 April 2024.
- ^ a b c Voronin, Artem (27 December 2021). "Поправки в конституцию Беларуси: Лукашенко как отец нации и уступка Кремлю" [Belarus constitutional amendments: Lukashenko as father of the nation and concessions to the Kremlin]. BBC (in Russian). Retrieved 28 April 2024.
- ^ a b c "«Мерапрыемства, ад якога за вярсту нясе і нафталінам». Эксперты — аб выніках правядзення УНС" ["An enterprise from which mothballs will be carried for miles": Experts on the results of the holding of the UNS]. Novy Chas (in Belarusian). 27 April 2024. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
- ^ Shraibman, Artyom (14 November 2023). "Belarus Gears Up for Elections and Powerful New People's Assembly". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
- ^ a b c d e Jakob Wöllenstein (4 June 2024), Political system in Belarus – One nation – two new representative bodies?, Konrad Adenauer Foundation, Wikidata Q130340982, archived from the original on 21 September 2024
- ^ a b c Kubik, Sciapan (24 April 2024). "Супраць Лукашэнкі на чале УНС таемна прагаласавала толькі адна асоба. Ён сказаў, што гэта Качанава" [Only one person in the UNS hall voted against Lukashenko: He said this was Kochanova]. Belsat TV (in Belarusian). Retrieved 28 April 2024.
- ^ "Лукашэнка стане старшынёй УНС адначасова з прэзідэнцтвам. Намеснікам будзе Косінец" [Lukashenko becomes chairman of UNS simultaneously with presidency; Kosiniec to be deputy]. Nasha Niva (in Belarusian). 24 April 2024. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
- ^ Karbalievič, Valier (25 April 2024). "Штучныя промні фальшывай славы. Пра УНС як пра сэанс псыхатэрапіі і самагіпнозу". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (in Belarusian). Retrieved 28 April 2024.
- ^ "Лукашэнка стаў старшынёй Усебеларускага народнага сходу" [Lukashenko becomes chairman of All-Belarusian People's Assembly]. Pozirk (in Belarusian). 24 April 2024. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
- ^ "Кандидатом в состав Президиума ВНС от Минска выдвинут ректор БГУИР Вадим Богуш" [BSUIR rector Vadim Bogush chosen as candidate in ABPA Presidium composition from Minsk]. Minsk News (in Russian). 23 April 2024. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
- ^ "Александр Бранцевич избран кандидатом в члены Президиума Всебелорусского народного собрания от Витебской области" [Aleksandr Brantsevich was selected candidate for membership of the Presidium of the All-Belarusian People's Assembly from Vitebsk Oblast]. Vitebsk Region (in Russian). 23 April 2024. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
- ^ "Константин Бурак выдвинут кандидатом в состав Президиума ВНС от правительства" [Konstantin Burak chosen as candidate in ABPA presidium composition from government]. Belarusian Telegraph Agency (in Russian). 22 April 2024. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
- ^ "Як цяпер выглядае былая старшыня Нацбанка Надзея Ермакова ФОТА" [How does former National Bank chair Nadzieja Jermakova look now? PHOTO]. Nasha Niva (in Belarusian). 23 April 2024. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
- ^ a b "Каго вылучылі ў прэзідыум "Усебеларускага народнага сходу"" [Who was chosen for the presidium of the "All-Belarusian National Assembly"?]. Nasha Niva (in Belarusian). 22 April 2024. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
- ^ "Ермакова і Шпілеўская вылучаны кандыдатамі ў склад Прэзідыума УНС ад Беларускага саюза жанчын" [Jermakova and Špilieŭskaja chosen as candidates in ABPA presidium composition from Belarusian Union of Women]. Belarusian Telegraph Agency (in Belarusian). 23 April 2024. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
- ^ Hurnievič, Dzmitry (24 April 2024). "Чаму "Ўсебеларускі народны сход" – унікальная для Эўропы гісторыя" [Why the All-Belarusian People's Assembly is unique in Europe's history]. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (in Belarusian). Retrieved 28 April 2024.