A-232 is an organophosphate nerve agent.[1] It was developed in the Soviet Union under the FOLIANT program and is one of the group of compounds referred to as Novichok agents that were revealed by Vil Mirzayanov. A-232 is reportedly slightly less potent as a nerve agent compared to some of the other compounds in the series such as A-230 and A-234, having similar potency to the older nerve agent VR. However it proved to be the most versatile agent as it was chemically stable and remained a volatile liquid over a wide temperature range, making it able to be used in standard chemical munitions without requiring special delivery mechanisms to be developed.[2][3][4]
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| Names | |
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| IUPAC name
methoxy-(1-(diethylamino)ethylidene)phosphoramidofluoridate
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| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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PubChem CID
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |
| C7H16FN2O2P | |
| Molar mass | 210.189 g·mol−1 |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Legal status
editA-232 has been added to Schedule 1 of the Annex on Chemicals of the Chemical Weapons Convention as of June 2020, and it has been explicitly named as an example compound for schedule 1.A.14.[5][6] For chemicals listed in Schedule 1, the most stringent declaration and verification measures are in place combined with far-reaching limits and bans on production and use. It is notable to say that Annex 1 does not explicitly relate this structure to the name A-232, just add this particular structure to the prohibited compounds section.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Stone, R. (19 March 2018). "U.K. attack shines spotlight on deadly nerve agent developed by Soviet scientists". Science. doi:10.1126/science.aat6324.
- ^ Mirzayanov VS (2008). State Secrets: An Insider's Chronicle of the Russian Chemical Weapons Program. Outskirts Press. ISBN 978-1-4327-2566-2.
- ^ Vásárhelyi G, Földi L (2007). "History of Russia's chemical weapons" (PDF). AARMS. 6 (1): 135–146. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-03-14.
- ^ Franca TC, Kitagawa DA, Cavalcante SF, da Silva JA, Nepovimova E, Kuca K (March 2019). "Novichoks: The Dangerous Fourth Generation of Chemical Weapons". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 20 (5): 1222. doi:10.3390/ijms20051222. PMC 6429166. PMID 30862059.
- ^ "S/1821/2019/Rev.1 Note by the Technical Secretariat Guidance for States Parties on Article VI Declaration Obligations and Inspections Following Entry Into Force of Changes to Schedule 1 of the Annex on Chemicals to the Chemical Weapons Convention" (PDF). 14 January 2020.
- ^ "Schedule 1". Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW). Retrieved 2020-07-26.