Abu al-Walid al-Baji, full name Sulayman ibn Khalaf ibn Saʿd (or Saʿdun) ibn Ayyub al-Qadi Abu al-Walid al-Tujaybi al-Andalusi al-Qurtubi al-Baji al-Tamimi al-Dhahabi al-Maliki (28 May 1013 – 21 December 1081), was a Sunni scholar from Beja in al-Andalus. He was an eminent Mālikī jurist (faqih), hadith master (muhaddith), theologian (mutakallim), poet and a man of letters. He was an accomplished debater, prolific writer in numerous scientific works and was a meticulous scholar whose high calibre of knowledge and religious merit are widely acknowledged.[4] He and Ibn Ḥazm were "the two most important literary figures in eleventh-century al-Andalus".[5]
Abu al-Walid al-Baji أبو الوليد الباجي | |
|---|---|
| Title | Al-Ḥāfiẓ |
| Personal | |
| Born | 1013[1] |
| Died | 1081 (aged 67–68)[1] |
| Religion | Islam |
| Era | Islamic Golden Age |
| Region | Al-Andalus |
| Denomination | Sunni |
| Jurisprudence | Maliki |
| Creed | Ash'ari[2][3] |
| Main interest(s) | Fiqh, Hadith, Islamic theology (kalam), Poetry |
| Occupation | Scholar, Jurist, Muhaddith, Theologian, Poet |
| Muslim leader | |
Influenced | |
Life
editAl-Baji was born in Beja on 28 May 1013 to a family from Badajoz. The family later relocated to Córdoba, where he received his primary education. At the age of 23, he went east to continue his studies. He remained there for thirteen years, three in Mecca studying under Abū Dharr al-Harawī. After a period in Baghdad under Abū l-Ṭayyib al-Ṭabarī and Abū Isḥāq al-Shīrāzī, he spent a year in Mosul under Abū Jaʿfar al Simnānī, possibly studying kalām. He may also have visited Aleppo, Damascus and Egypt.[5] He worked at various times as a watchman and a goldsmith to support himself.
During these intense travels, he took hadith from al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, Ibn 'Abd al-Barr, Abu al-Isba` ibn Shakir, Muhammad ibn Isma`il [?], Abu Muhammad Makki ibn Abi Talib, al-Qadi Yunus ibn `Abd Allah ibn Mughith, Ibn al-Mutawwa`i, Ibn Muhriz, Ibn al-Warraq, Ibn `Amrus, al-Damighani, and others. Both al-Khatib and Ibn `Abd al-Barr, although his seniors, narrated from him. Among his pupils are his son Ahmad, Abu `Abd Allah al-Humaydi, `Ali ibn `Abd Allah al-Saqali, Ahmad ibn Ghazlun, Abu Bakr al-Turtushi, the two hadith masters Abu `Ali al-Jiyani al-Sadafi and Abu al-Qasim al-Ma`afiri, Ibn Abi Ja`far, al-Qadi Abu `Abd Allah Muhammad ibn `Abd al-Rahman ibn Bashir, and many others.[4]
After he returned to Andalusia in 1047 and assumed the role of leading scholar and teacher there, his fortune increased significantly. A-Baji was thrust into the spotlight as soon as he had returned to home. In a disputation in Majorca in 1048, he bested Ibn Ḥazm, leading to the latter's exile from the island. Ibn Hazm reportedly said: "If the Malikis had only `Abd al-Wahhab [ibn `Ali ibn Nasr al-Baghdadi] and al-Baji, it would suffice them."[4] He spent time in Murcia, Dénia, Orihuela, Valencia and Lleida before settling in Zaragoza after the defeat of the crusade of Barbastro in 1065. His most productive years were those in Zaragoza under the patronage of Aḥmad al-Muqtadir.[5] He died in Almería on 21 December 1081.[6]
Works
edit- Al-Tasdid ila Ma`rifa al-Tawhid
- Sunan al-Minhaj
- al-Minhāj fī tartīb al-ḥijāj, the earliest work produced in the west on "the science of disputation in the field of jurisprudence"[5]
- Iḥkām al-fuṣūl fī aḥkām al uṣūl, on the principles of usul al-fiqh[5]
- al-Taʿdīl wa-l-tajrīḥ li-man kharraja ʿanhu al-Bukhārī fī al-Ṣaḥīḥ, the transmission of hadith[5]
- Sharh al-Muwaṭṭaʾ, a commentary on the Muwaṭṭaʾ of Mālik ibn Anas,[5] survives in two versions:
- Kitāb al-istifaʾ, the fuller version
- Kitāb al-muntaqā, an abridgement[5]
- Sunan al-Salihin
- Tahqiq al-madhhab, edited by Abu Abd al-Rahman Ibn Aqil al-Zahiri (Riyadh: 1983)[7]
- Risāla fī al-ḥudūd[5]
- Jawāb al-qāḍī Abū l-Walīd al-Bājī ilā risālat rāhib Faransā ilā al-Muslimīn[5]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Camilla Adang, Maribel Fierro, Sabine Schmidtke, Ibn Ḥazm of Cordoba: The Life and Works of a Controversial Thinker (Brill Publishers, 2012), p 5. ISBN 9004243100
- ^ Yassin Ghanem Jassim al-Aridi (2024). Classes of Ash'aris, notables of the people of the Sunnah and the community. Dar al-Kotob al-'Ilmiyya. p. 119-120. ISBN 9786144962350.
- ^ Gibril Fouad Haddad (2 May 2015). The Biographies of the Elite Lives of the Scholars, Imams & Hadith Masters. As-Sunnah Foundation of America. p. 164.
Imam al-Subki mentions him among those who followed the school of Imam Ashari in Beliefs & Doctrine (Aqidah) along with Abu al-Walid al-Baji, Abu al-Hasan al-Qabisi, Abu al-Qasim bin Asakir, Abu al-Hasan al-Muradi, Abu Sad bin al-Samani, Abu Tahir al-Silafi, Qadi Iyad and Al-Shahrastani
- ^ a b c Gibril Fouad Haddad (2 May 2015). "Abu al-Walid al-Baji (403 AH – 474 AH, 71 Years Old)". The Biographies of the Elite Lives of the Scholars, Imams & Hadith Masters. As-Sunnah Foundation of America. pp. 183–184.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Diego Sarrió Cucarella (2012), "Corresponding Across Religious Borders: Al-Bājī's Response to a Missionary Letter from France", Medieval Encounters, 18: 1–35, doi:10.1163/157006712X63454=.
- ^ Amalia Zomeño (2011), "Al-Bājī", in David Thomas; Alex Mallett; Juan Pedro Monferrer Sala; Johannes Pahlitzsch; Mark Swanson; Herman Teule; John Tolan (eds.), Christian–Muslim Relations: A Bibliographical History, vol. 3 (1050–1200), Leiden: Brill, pp. 172–175, doi:10.1163/ej.9789004195158.i-804.85.
- ^ Maribel Fierro, "Heresy in al-Andalus." Taken from The Legacy of Muslim Spain, pg. 905. Ed. Salma Jayyusi. Leiden: Brill Publishers, 1994.
External links
edit- (in English) Sunnah.org ABU AL-WALID AL-BAJI Archived 2011-01-06 at the Wayback Machine, by Dr. G. F. Haddad
- (in French) Another biography of Imam Abul Walid Al Baji
