Abdul-Chalig Achundow, Abdul-Chalig Achundoff or Abdul Khalik Akhundof (Azerbaijani: Əbdülxalıq Axundov; 13 December 1863 – 1950), was an Azerbaijani physician, researcher in ophthalmology and pharmacology; publisher, writer and translator. He was the founder of Zanbur, a satirical magazine published in Baku from 1909 to 1910.[1]
Abdul-Chalig Achundow | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Native name | Əbdülxalıq Hüseyn oğlu Axundov |
| Born | Abdulkhalig Huseyn oghlu Akhundov December 13, 1863 Baku, Baku, Baku Governorate, Russian empire |
| Died | 1950 (aged 86–87) Tehran, Pahlavi Iran |
Biography
editEarly life and education
editAbdul-Chalig Achundow was born on 13 December 1863 in Baku to a family of blacksmiths. First, he studied in a private maktab, then in the madrasa of Mirza Hasib Qudsi in Icherisheher. In 1877–1884, he continued his education at the Baku Realni School. Over the years he had learned Arabic, Persian and Russian languages.
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In 1888, he defended his thesis on eye diseases at the Medical Faculty of the University of Erlangen in order to obtain a master's degree.[2] The thesis Klinische Beiträge zur Lehre vom Colomboma oculi was published two years later.[3][4] In 1892, he defended his doctoral dissertation Commentar zum sogennenten Liber fundamentorum pharmacologiae des Abu Mansur Muwaffak-Ben-Ali-el Hirowi at the University of Dorpat. Abu Mansur Harawi's Ketāb al-abnīa ʿan ḥaqāʾeq al-adwīa was translated for the first time from the original text, provided with explanations in German by him and published in the next year.[5][6][7]
Career
editAt the end of the 19th century after returning to Baku, Dr. Achundow opened the first eye disease center and two pharmacies here. He was also one of the founders of the first psychiatric clinic in Azerbaijan together with Dr. Mammadrza Vakilov. He worked in this clinic, which was opened on April 24, 1892, until 1903. In 1895, together with Mammadrza Vakilov and Karim Bey Mehmandarov, he founded the Baku Medical Society.
Achundow was a playwright, author of the First Causerie Then the Stock (Azerbaijani: Əvvəli hənək axırı dəyənək; published in 1901).[8] He published many articles in the periodical press of Azerbaijan at that time. He was a member of the editorial board of Takamul newspaper. He was one of the founders and secretary of the Saadat Charity Society, a member of the Muslim Charity Society, Nashri-Maarif Society and the Baku City Duma.
Achundow was the founder and publisher of Zanbur, which was published in 1909–10 in Baku. Zanbur, like the other Baku-based Azerbaijani satirical periodicals, focused on greater education for Muslims, waged a consistent struggle for women’s rights, and opposed Russian and European colonial policies.[9] Among its contributors were Azim Azimzadeh (the second editor of the magazine), Mirza Mehdi Asgarzadeh, Ali Abbas Muznib, Samad Mansur and contributors of Molla Nasreddin such as Mirza Alakbar Sabir, Ali Nazmi, Aligulu Qamkusar and others. This magazine was suspended by the Russian authorities after its 28 issue of 1910.[10]
Later Dr. Achundow published mass books in Azerbaijani such as The Book of Treatment (1914), Children's Hygiene (1916) and The Troubles of the Digestive System (1919).
Death
editAfter the Sovietization of Azerbaijan, he moved to Iran, first lived in Rasht and Ardabil, then in Tehran, and worked as a doctor. Dr. Abdul-Chalig Achundow died in Tehran in 1950 and was buried in Qom.
References
edit- ^ Hajibeyli, Jeyhoun Bey (1931). "The Origins of the National Press in Azerbaijan II". The Asiatic Review. 27: 357–358.
- ^ Jahres-Verzeichnis der an den Deutschen Universitäten erschienenen Schriften (in German). Vol. V 15. Aughust 1889 bis 14. Aughust 1890. Berlin: Verlag von A. Asher & Co. 1890. p. 62.
- ^ Index-Catalogue of the Library of the Surgeon-General's Office, United States Army. Vol. 1 A—Azzurri (2nd series ed.). Washington: Government Printing Office. 1896. p. 101.
- ^ Achundoff, Abdul-chalig (1890). Klinische Beiträge zur Lehre vom Colomboma oculi : Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doctorwürde vorgelegt der Hohen medicinischen Facultät der Friedrich-Alexanders-Universität zu Erlangen am 13. Juli 1888 (in German). Erlangen: Jacob.
- ^ Achundow, Abdul-Chalig (1893). Die pharmakologischen Grundsätze (Liber fundamentorum pharmacologiae) des Abu Mansur Muwaffak bin Ali Harawi. Historische Studien aus dem Pharmakologischen Institute der Kaiserl. Universität Dorpat (in German). Vol. 3. Halle a. S.: Verlag von Tausch & Grosse.
- ^ Richter-Bernburg, L. (1983-12-15). "ABŪ MANṢŪR HERAVĪ". Encyclopædia Iranica. Archived from the original on 2022-08-07. Retrieved 2024-10-16.
- ^ Bayat, Ali Haydar (1994). "EBÛ MANSÛR el-HEREVÎ". İslâm Ansiklopedisi. Retrieved 2024-10-16.
- ^ Foy, Karl (1904). "Azerbajğanische Studien mit einer Charakteristik des Südtürkischen. II.". Sonderabdruck aus den Mitteilungen des Seminars für Orientalische Sprache zu Berlin (in German). Vol. Jahrgang VII Abteilung II Wesasiatische Studien. Berlin: Gedruckt in der Reichsdruckerei. p. 260.
- ^ Rorlich, Azade-Ayse (2013). "Pictorial Debates: The Tatar Satirical Journal Yalt-Yolt and Muslim Modernity Discourses, 1906-1917". Experiment. 19 (1): 149–150. doi:10.1163/2211730X-12341245. eISSN 2211-730X. ISSN 1084-4945.
- ^ Bennigsen, Alexandre; Lemercier-Quelquejay, Chantal (1964). La presse et le mouvement national chez les musulmans de Russie avant 1920 (in French). La Haye, Paris: Mouton & Co. p. 118. doi:10.1515/9783112318256. ISBN 978-3-11-231825-6.