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Abu Muhammad Abd Allah ibn Iyad

ʿAbū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿIyād (died 21 August 1147) was the ruler (amīr) of Murcia and Valencia from 1145 until his death.[1][2]

Under the Almoravids, Ibn ʿIyād was a military commander (qāʾid)[2] based in Lleida.[3] He led a contingent at the battle of Fraga in 1134 and was credited by Ibn al-Athīr with leading a successful cavalry charge.[3][4] He was later recruited by Marwān ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, the qāḍī (judge) of Valencia to lead the resistance to the Almoravids in Játiva.[2] In March 1145, he persuaded Marwān to accept the post of raʾīs in Valencia.[5] In October, he seized power in Murcia.[2] When Marwān failed to pay the jund (army), they replaced him with Ibn ʿIyād in November.[5] He thus came into control of both Murcia and Valencia by the end of 1145.[2][4]

In January 1146, Ibn ʿIyād recognized the authority of Sayf al-Dawla as sovereign, inviting him to form a government in Murcia and Valencia.[2][4][6] According to al-Dhahabī, the arrangement was that "Ibn ʿIyād would control the army and money and Sayf al-Dawla was sultan." The former took the title mujāhid.[7] He continued to recognized the caliphal and religious authority of the Abbasids.[8] Al-Dhahabī also claims that Sayf al-Dawla accused Ibn ʿIyād of creating discord between him and his Christian ally, Alfonso VII of Castile. In the battle of Albacete on 5 February 1146, Sayf al-Dawla was killed by the Christians but Ibn ʿIyād escaped.[9]

Ibn ʿIyād continued to wield power in the name of Sayf al-Dawla's son, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān. He minted coins in his name into 1146, when he switched to minting in his own name.[10] He introduced a morabetino of high quality, containing 3.9 grams of gold, that became known after him as the ayadino. It was highly valued in the Kingdom of Aragon.[11] From May 1146, ʿAbd Allāh ibn Faraj al-Thaghrī exercised actual power in Murcia as raʾīs. In December, Ibn ʿIyād recovered control.[2] Ibn ʿIyād died in battle near Uclés in August 1147 and was succeeded by Ibn Mardanīsh.[2][10]

Notes

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  1. ^ Bosworth 1996, p. 20.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Fierro 1994, p. 100.
  3. ^ a b Balbale 2023, p. 71.
  4. ^ a b c Minnema 2019, p. 9.
  5. ^ a b Kennedy 1996, p. 193.
  6. ^ Kennedy 1996, p. 194.
  7. ^ Minnema 2019, p. 16.
  8. ^ Minnema 2019, p. 14n.
  9. ^ Minnema 2019, pp. 10–11.
  10. ^ a b Minnema 2019, p. 17.
  11. ^ Todesca 2019, pp. 55–56 nn. 73–75, citing Ubieto Artur 1984.

Bibliography

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  • Balbale, Abigail Krasner (2023). The Wolf King: Ibn Mardanish and the Construction of Power in al-Andalus. Cornell University Press. doi:10.1515/9781501765896.
  • Bosworth, C. E. (1996). The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual. Edinburgh University Press.
  • Fierro, Maribel (1994). "The Qāḍī as Ruler" (PDF). Saber religioso y poder político en el Islam: Actas del Simposio Internacional (Granada, 15–18 octubre 1991). Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional. pp. 71–116.
  • Kennedy, Hugh (1996). Muslim Spain and Portugal: A Political History of al-Andalus. Routledge.
  • Minnema, Anthony (2019). "A Ṭāʾifa in Exile: Sayf al-Dawla and the Survival of the Banū Hūd". Al-Masāq. 31 (1): 1–19. doi:10.1080/09503110.2018.1515518.
  • Todesca, James J. (2019). "Selling Castile: Coinage, Propaganda, and Mediterranean Trade in the Age of Alfonso VIII". In Miguel Gómez; Damian Smith; Kyle C. Lincoln (eds.). King Alfonso VIII of Castile: Government, Family, and War. Fordham University Press. pp. 30–58.
  • Ubieto Artur, María Isabel (1984). "Los morabedís ayadinos, circulación y cambio en el reino de Aragón según la documentación coetánea". Numisma. 34: 209–225.
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