Acacia paradoxa[2] is a plant in the family Fabaceae. Its common names include kangaroo acacia,[3] kangaroo thorn, prickly wattle, hedge wattle[4] and paradox acacia.
| Acacia paradoxa | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Fabaceae |
| Subfamily: | Caesalpinioideae |
| Clade: | Mimosoid clade |
| Genus: | Acacia |
| Species: | A. paradoxa
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| Binomial name | |
| Acacia paradoxa | |
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| Occurrence data from AVH | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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Description
editThe large shrub or tree up to 2 to 4 metres (7 to 13 ft) tall[5] and has a similar width,[4] it has ribbed branchlets that are often arched downward. It is dense with foliage; the leaves are actually enlarged petioles known as phyllodes. They are crinkly and the new ones are covered in hairs. The erect phyllodes are asymettric and have a lanceolate shape and are around 30 millimetres (1.18 in) in length and 7 mm (0.276 in) wide.[5] The bush is also full of long spines. It usually flowers between August and November[4] producing an axillary flower-spike with small, bright yellow spherical flower heads and the fruits are brown pods 4 to 7 centimetres (1.6 to 2.8 in) long. The hard black seeds within have an oblong shape and are about 6 mm (0.236 in) in length and half as wide.[5]
The spiny stipules that grow at the base of the phyllodes deter livestock from feeding on or too close to the plant.
Taxonomy
editThe species was first formally described by the botanist Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in 1813 as part of the work Catalogus Plantarum Horti Botanici Monspeliensis.[3] The species name is from the Greek words para which means near and doxa meaning glory. This probably refers the unattractive and thorny shrub being quite showy when it is in bloom.[5]
Many synonyms are known for the plant including; Acacia ornithophora, Acacia undulata, Mimosa paradoxa, Racosperma paradoxum, Acacia armata and Acacia hybrida.[3]
Distribution
editKangaroo thorn is widely spread across Australia, regenerating from seed after disturbances, such as bush fire. Small birds, including wrens, use this plant as shelter and dwelling, while it is relied upon as a food source for moths, butterflies and other insects, birds also feed on its seeds.
It is endemic to south eastern parts of South Australia, much of Victoria, eastern New South Wales and south eastern parts of Queensland.[3] It has become naturalised in parts of Western Australia and Tasmania.[5]
The plant has also been introduced to other continents. In the United States, kangaroo thorn is a well-known noxious weed in California.[6]
Cultivation
editThe plant is used as an ornamental or as a dense screening plant. It make an excellent habitat and food source for birds. It grows well in full sun or in a partly shaded position. It can be planted in dry to moist well-drained areas.[4] Seeds require pre-treatment such as scarification prior to planting.[5]
References
edit- ^ "Acacia paradoxa". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ "Acacia paradoxa". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government, Canberra. Archived from the original on 2022-09-28. Retrieved 2008-04-03.
- ^ a b c d "Acacia paradoxa DC. Kangaroo Acacia". Atals of Living Australia. Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Archived from the original on 26 November 2018. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
- ^ a b c d "Acacia paradoxa". Yarra Ranges. Archived from the original on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f "Acacia paradoxa (Leguminosae) Kangaroo Thorn". Seeds of South Australia. Government of South Australia. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
- ^ "Acacia paradoxa". Plants Profile. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
Further reading
edit- Zenni, R. D.; Wilson, J. R. U.; Le Roux, J. J.; Richardson, D. M. (August 2009). "Evaluating the invasiveness of Acacia paradoxa in South Africa". South African Journal of Botany. 75 (3): 485–496. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2009.04.001.
- Correia, Marta; Castro, Silvia; Ferrero, Victoria (April 2014). "Reproductive biology and success of invasive Australian acacias in Portugal". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 174 (4): 574–588. doi:10.1111/boj.12155. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
- Castro-Diez, P.; Langendoen, T.; Poorter, L. (1 November 2011). "Predicting Acacia invasive success in South Africa on the basis of functional traits, native climatic niche and human use". Biodiversity and Conservation. 20 (12): 2729–2743. doi:10.1007/s10531-011-0101-5. S2CID 41606801.