Adenochilus nortonii, commonly known as the white gnome orchid[2] or Australian gnome orchid,[3] is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to a few isolated locations in New South Wales. It has a long, thin underground rhizome, a single leaf and a single white flower with reddish glandular hairs on the outside. Its labellum has red bars and a central band of yellow calli.
| White gnome orchid | |
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| Illustration of Adenochilus nortonii | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Orchidoideae |
| Tribe: | Diurideae |
| Genus: | Adenochilus |
| Species: | A. nortonii
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| Binomial name | |
| Adenochilus nortonii | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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Description
editAdenochilus nortonii is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with a long, thin, horizontal rhizome and a single egg-shaped to lance-shaped leaf, 15–35 mm (0.6–1 in) long and 10–16 mm (0.4–0.6 in) wide with reddish spots on the lower surface. A single white flower 15–20 mm (0.6–0.8 in) long and 20–30 mm (0.8–1 in) wide is borne on the end of a flowering spike 60–120 mm (2–5 in) tall. The outer surface of the sepals and petals is covered with reddish glandular hairs. The dorsal sepal is broad elliptic in shape, 12–16 mm (0.5–0.6 in) long, 7–8 mm (0.28–0.31 in) wide and forms a hood over the labellum and column. The lateral sepals are 13–16 mm (0.5–0.6 in) long, 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) wide and spread widely apart from each other. The petals are 10–14 mm (0.4–0.6 in) long, about 3 mm (0.1 in) wide and slightly erect. The labellum is strongly curved when viewed from the side, about 5 mm (0.2 in) long and 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) wide, with three lobes with red bars. The middle lobe is narrow with a dense central band of yellow calli and the side lobes are broader. Flowering occurs in November and December.[2][4][3]
Taxonomy and naming
editAdenochilus nortonii was first formally described in 1876 by Robert FitzGerald from a specimen collected near Mount Victoria and the description was published in his book Australian Orchids.[5] The specific epithet (nortonii) honours James Norton (1824-1906), an amateur botanist and friend of Fitzgerald.[5][6]
Distribution and habitat
editThe white gnome orchid grows in rock crevices, in sphagnum and near creeks in beech forest, usually above 900 m (3,000 ft). It is found in the Blue Mountains, Barrington Tops and Point Lookout areas.[2][4]
References
edit- ^ a b "Adenochilus nortonii". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 12 November 2022.
- ^ a b c Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. p. 266. ISBN 1877069124.
- ^ a b Copeland, Lachlan M.; Backhouse, Gary N. (2022). Guide to Native Orchids of NSW and ACT. Collingwood: CSIRO Publishing. pp. 14–15. ISBN 9781486313686.
- ^ a b "Adenochilus nortonii". Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney: plantNET. Retrieved 27 September 2016.
- ^ a b "Adenochilus nortonii". APNI. Retrieved 27 June 2018.
- ^ "Norton, James (1824-1906)". Australian National Herbarium. Retrieved 27 June 2018.