Aelurillus dubatolovi is a species of jumping spider in the genus Aelurillus that lives in Central Asia. First identified in 2003 in Turkmenistan, it has a distribution that extends from Caspian Sea to Lake Balkhash and includes Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. The spider itself is small, the male being smaller than the female, with a carapace measuring between 3.1 and 3.6 mm (0.12 and 0.14 in) in length and an abdomen between 2.9 and 4.1 mm (0.11 and 0.16 in) long. The carapace is dark brown, with long hairs along the side that distinguish the species from the similar Aelurillus brutus and Aelurillus lutosus. It also has a hairy clypeus and palpal femora, which enables it to be identified as not being the otherwise similar Aelurillus ater. The female has a net-like pattern on the abdomen. This is clearer on examples found towards the northeast of the species distribution. The spiders found towards the northeast are also smaller, lighter and less hairy, but these are insufficient differences to identify them as a different species.
| Aelurillus dubatolovi | |
|---|---|
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| Aelurillus dubatolovi | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Salticidae |
| Subfamily: | Salticinae |
| Genus: | Aelurillus |
| Species: | A. dubatolovi
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| Binomial name | |
| Aelurillus dubatolovi Azarkina, 2003
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Taxonomy
editAelurillus dubatolovi was first described by Galina Azarkina in 2003.[1] It was placed in the genus Aelurillus, first described by Eugène Simon in 1885.[2] The genus name derives from the Greek word for cat and the species is named in honour of Vladimir Dubatolov, the Russian lepidopterologist that found the holotype of this species.[3][4] The genus was placed in the subtribe Aelurillina in the tribe Aelurillini, both named after the genus, by Wayne Maddison in 2015. These were allocated to the clade Saltafresia.[5] In 2017, the genus was grouped with nine other genera of jumping spiders under the name Aelurillines.[6]
Description
editIt is a small spider. The male has a dark brown carapace that is typically 3.1 mm (0.12 in) long and 2.2 mm (0.087 in) wide, and covered with scales that are dark brown and white. Long dark hairs cover the sides. The yellowish-grey abdomen has a length of 2.9 mm (0.11 in) and width of 1.9 mm (0.075 in). Both the abdomen and carapace are pattern-less. The eye field is black and white hairs surround some of the eyes. White hairs also adorn the brown clypeus. The spinnerets are grey-yellow. The chelicerae and legs are brown-yellow, although some of the legs have two yellow stripes on them.[4] The palpal bulb is large and has a pointed embolus that curves around 180 degrees. The length of the embolus varies, with examples found in the northeastern part of the species range being longer and more curved.[7]
The female is slightly larger than the male. The carapace has similar colouring to the male, but is 3.6 mm (0.14 in) long and 2.5 mm (0.098 in) wide.[4] The abdomen is grey with a net-like pattern.[8] It measures 4.1 mm (0.16 in) in length and 3.2 mm (0.13 in) in width. The chelicerae and clypeus are similar to the male. The spinnerets are more brown in colour while the legs lack the stripes that feature on the male. The female pedipalp and the palpal femora are hairy and the latter has a distinctive outgrowth.[4] The epigyne has a central pocket and copulatory openings that are closely aligned. The spermathecae are long and have a complex curve.[9] Apart from the copulatory organs, the female is hard to distinguish from other members of the genus.[10]
The spider is similar to others in the genus, particularly Aelurillus ater, from which it differs mainly in having hairs on the clypeus and palpal femora. It can also be confused with Aelurillus lutosus, which lacks the hairy carapace sides of the species.[4] The spider differs from Aelurillus brutus in the lack of pattern on the bottom of the abdomen and the length of the hairs that line the carapace.[11] Not unusually for this genus, the female is particularly hard to tell apart from spiders of other species.[2][12]
Distribution
editThe species has been given a species distribution that covers Central Asia, extending from the Caspian Sea to Lake Balkhash.[1][13] The species holotype was collected by Vladimir Dubatolov in the Köýtendag Nature Reserve in Turkmenistan in 1991. It has also been found in Tajikistan, particularly the Karateginskiy and Mogoltau Mountains. Examples have been found in many areas of Kazakhstan, including the Karatau Mountains, as well as the Betpak-Dala and Moiynkum Deserts, demonstrating the breadth of habitats in which the species can survive.[14] Examples found in 1983 and 1986 near Chong-Aryk in Kyrgyzstan have also been identified as belonging to the species. It has also been identified in the area around Tashkent in Uzbekistan, and the Surxondaryo Region which borders both Tajikistan and Turkmenistan. The examples found across the distribution vary, with those in the southwest being larger, more hairy and darker. The colour pattern is more distinct in those found in the northeast. However, other similarities led to Azarkina declaring them as being the same species.[4]
References
editCitations
edit- ^ a b World Spider Catalog (2018). "Aelurillus dubatolovi Azarkina, 2003". World Spider Catalog. 18.0. Bern: Natural History Museum. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
- ^ a b Azarkina 2022, p. 220.
- ^ Fernández-Rubio 2013, p. 125.
- ^ a b c d e f Azarkina 2003, p. 97.
- ^ Maddison 2015, p. 279.
- ^ Prószyński 2017, p. 95.
- ^ Azarkina 2003, p. 98.
- ^ Azarkina 2003, p. 96.
- ^ Azarkina 2003, p. 99.
- ^ Szűts & Azarkina 2002, p. 214.
- ^ Azarkina 2003, p. 92.
- ^ Azarkina 2003, pp. 89.
- ^ Azarkina 2003, p. 100.
- ^ Azarkina 2003, p. 95.
Bibliography
edit- Azarkina, Galina N. (2003). "Aelurillus ater (Kroneberg, 1875) and related species of jumping spiders in the fauna of Middle Asia and the Caucasus (Aranei: Salticidae)" (PDF). Arthropoda Selecta. 1 (1): 89–107. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 July 2018.
- Azarkina, Galina N. (2022). "A new species of Aelurillus Simon, 1885 (Araneae: Salticidae) from Kenya" (PDF). Arachnolog. 19 (Special Issue): 220–223.
- Caporiacco, Ludovico di (1947). "Arachnida Africae Orientalis, a dominibus Kittenberger, Kovács et Bornemisza lecta, in Museo Nationali Hungarico servata" [Arachnida of East Africa, collected by Messrs. Kittenberger, Kovács and Bornemisza, preserved in the Hungarian National Museum]. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici (in Latin). 40: 97–257. ISSN 0521-4726.
- Fernández-Rubio, Fidel (2013). "La etimología de los nombres de las arañas (Araneae)" [The etymology of the names of spiders (Araneae)]. Revista ibérica de Aracnología (in Spanish) (22): 125–130. ISSN 1576-9518.
- Maddison, Wayne P. (2015). "A phylogenetic classification of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae)". The Journal of Arachnology. 43 (3): 231–292. doi:10.1636/arac-43-03-231-292. S2CID 85680279.
- Prószyński, Jerzy (2017). "Pragmatic classification of the World's Salticidae (Araneae)". Ecologica Montenegrina. 12: 1–133. doi:10.37828/em.2017.12.1.
- Szűts, Tamás; Azarkina, Galina N. (2002). "Redescription of Aelurillus subaffinis Caporiacco, 1947 (Araneae: Salticidae)" (PDF). Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici. 94: 209–215. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 May 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2018.