Aeroflot Flight 411

Aeroflot Flight 411
	An Aeroflot Ilyushin Il-62M, similar to the accident aircraft
Accident
Date	6 July 1982
Summary	Low-altitude stall
Site	Mendeleyevo, Moscow Oblast, Soviet Union
Aircraft
Aircraft type	Ilyushin Il-62M
Operator	Aeroflot
Registration	СССР-86513
Flight origin	Moscow, Soviet Union
Stopover	Dakar, Senegal
Destination	Freetown, Sierra Leone
Occupants	90
Passengers	80
Crew	10
Fatalities	90
Survivors	0

Aeroflot Flight 411 was an international scheduled flight from Sheremetyevo Airport, Moscow to Freetown, Sierra Leone via Dakar in Senegal.^[1] Early on 6 July 1982, the four-engined Ilyushin Il-62 crashed and was destroyed by fire after two engines were shut down shortly after take-off.^[1]^[2] All 90 passengers and crew on board died as a result of the crash.

Aircraft

The accident aircraft was an Ilyushin Il-62M, with registration SSSR-86513.^[a] Its first flight was in November 1980 and it had flown slightly more than 4,800 hours prior to the accident.^[1] The Il-62's four jet engines are mounted in pairs, on pylons either side of the rear fuselage.

Accident

The aircraft took off from Moscow's Sheremetyevo Airport at 12:33am with 80 passengers and 10 crew on board.^[3] Within seconds the engine fire warning for No. 1 engine^[b] was annunciated. The crew shut down the engine and discharged the engine fire extinguishers. Less than a minute later the engine fire warning for No. 2 engine^[b] was also annunciated and the crew shut this engine down as well.^[3] The crew turned the aircraft to return to Sheremetyevo Airport but after the second engine shutdown it was only at an altitude of about 160 metres (520 ft) and a speed of 320 km/h (170 kn; 200 mph).^[1] Despite the pilots' efforts to keep it airborne, the aircraft gradually lost height and airspeed until it stalled about 75 metres (246 ft) above the ground.^[1] It then crashed in a forested wetland 1.5 kilometres (0.9 mi; 0.8 nmi) east of the town of Mendeleyevo and 11.4 kilometres (7.1 mi; 6.2 nmi) northwest of Sheremetyevo Airport, less than three minutes after takeoff.^[1] A passenger from Sierra Leone survived the initial crash and subsequent fire, but died on the evening of 8 July.^[1]

Investigation

Post-crash examination of the engines found no pre-crash damage or signs of in-flight fire – the fire warnings were false.^[1]^[2] The fire warning system was almost completely destroyed by the crash and fire and the reason for the false warnings could not be determined; although there had been nine reported instances of bleed air leaks causing spurious engine fire warnings on Il-62s between 1975 and the date of the crash, this was ruled out as a cause.^[1]

The investigation found that it was impossible for the aircraft to maintain altitude on two engines with its flaps set for takeoff and at its weight of 164,514 kilograms (362,691 lb), which was close to the maximum takeoff weight for an Il-62.^[1] It found no fault with the pilots' actions, who could not make a forced landing because of the dark and the urban areas on the ground below.^[1] The investigation found the pilots had followed flight manual procedures; however there was no procedure in the flight manual to cover the situation in which they found themselves.^[1]

Notes

^ ^a ^b The aircraft registration prefix for civil aircraft registered in the Soviet Union was SSSR. In the Russian cyrillic alphabet, the English letter "S" is written as "C" and "R" is written as "P", hence "CCCP" is "SSSR" in cyrillic.
^ ^a ^b Engine No. 1 and Engine No. 2 are paired on the left side of the aircraft.