Afarin Neyssari is an Iranian-American architect and the founder and owner of Aun Gallery.[1] Neyssari and her husband Karan Vafadari, both Zoroastrians, were imprisoned in Evin Prison in Iran for two years without bail or trial before being released on July 21, 2018.[2]
Afarin Neyssari | |
|---|---|
| Occupation(s) | Gallery owner, architect |
| Known for | 2016 arrest and two-year imprisonment at Evin Prison |
| Spouse | Karan Vafadari |
Arrest and Detention
editArrest
editNeyssari was arrested in Tehran's Imam Khomeini International Airport by Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) on 20 July 2016[3] when she was boarding a plane to Italy to prepare for Bizhan Bassiri’s solo exhibition at the Venice Biennale festival. The exhibit was approved and certified by the Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art and the Minister of Culture.[4] After putting them in handcuffs, IRGC officers began removing all works of art from the home. Many pieces were then taken outside and smashed.[3]
In January of 2018, Afarin tried to post bail. She was told that if the Judge wanted her released, he would not have set bail so high.[5][6][7]
As a permanent US citizen, her release was disadvantaged by Trump's decision on the Iran Deal, as the lack of regular meetings between US and Iranian officials have been canceled. These meetings were the only face to face meetings the parties have, and the only opportunities for the release of the American prisoners.[8]
Allegations of misconduct of the IRGC
editCharges
editNeyssari was arrested for unspecified activities that aroused suspicion in the IRGC. They have not released the charges made against Neyssari to the public, but there are many theories. Some have speculated the reason for her arrest being her frequent international traveling to collect art. It is speculated that she was only suspected due to being of the Zoroastrian faith:[2] people of this monotheistic, pre-Islam faith have been highly persecuted since the 1979 revolution in Iran.[9]
Though the couple was not mentioned by name, Tehran prosecutor Abbas Jafari Dolatabadi made a statement regarding two dual-citizens who have been detained in Iran for "organizing mixed-gender parties for foreign diplomats and their Iranian associates, as well as serving alcohol at their home".[3] The couple has also been reportedly prosecuted for espionage.
Imprisonment
editNeyssari was held for a full month in solitary confinement in Evin Prison with no charges or access to a lawyer.[10][11][12] The IRGC demanded that Neyssari spy on her friends and husband. When she refused, she was sent back to solitary confinement. She was held for a further five months without charges or access to an attorney.
On December 31, 2016 she was given her first opportunity to meet a lawyer. The lawyer, Mahmoud Alizadeh Tabatabaee, was court-appointed, and not given a chance to defend Neyssari.[6] The Judge assigned to her case is Abolghasem Salavati, who is the head of the 15th branch of the Islamic Revolutionary Court in Tehran.[13][14]
Though they had previously decided not to take the case public, hoping to instead solve the issue with the IRGC interpersonally, Neyssari and husband's family decided to take the case publicly when they began receiving phone threats and demands for money.
Illegality of detainment
editHer husband, an Iranian-American, has stated that has been the first Iranian[clarification needed] to be convicted under Article 989 of the Civil Code of Iran.[6] The article reads:
"In case any Iranian subject acquired foreign nationality after the solar year 1280 (1901-1902) without the observance of the provisions of law, his foreign nationality will be considered null and void and he will be regarded as an Iranian subject."
Any Iranian who renounces their Iranian citizenship and acquires citizenship elsewhere can still be processed in the court system of Iran as an Iranian citizen. They also may have their belongings taken and sold.[15] In spite of neither Neyssari nor her husband never having revoked their citizenship in Iran, their cars, computers and documents have all been confiscated by the Iranian government on top of having been imprisoned.[6]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Rasmussen, Sune Engel (2013-01-22). "Iranian artists hit by sanctions". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2017-06-24.
- ^ a b "Iran Returns Ailing U.S. Citizen to Prison in New Sign of Tension". The New York Times. 2018-02-06. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-05-25.
- ^ a b c "Family Breaks Silence as Iran Detains Owners of Tehran's Aun Gallery". artforum.com. Retrieved 2017-06-24.
- ^ "Iran Sentences Tehran Gallery Owners to Twenty-Seven and Sixteen Years in Prison". www.artforum.com. February 2018. Retrieved 2018-05-25.
- ^ ""If I wanted her released…"". Karan and Afarin. 2018-02-01. Archived from the original on 2018-02-03. Retrieved 2018-02-02.
- ^ a b c d "Hardline Judge Keeps Iranian-American and Wife in Jail by Imposing $27 Million Bail – Center for Human Rights in Iran". www.iranhumanrights.org. 3 February 2018. Retrieved 2018-05-25.
- ^ "In Letter to Judge, Iranian-American Demands Freedom for Himself and Wife – Center for Human Rights in Iran". www.iranhumanrights.org. 29 August 2017. Retrieved 2018-05-25.
- ^ "Families of Americans detained by Iran urge Trump to bring them home, too". ABC News. 2018-05-09. Retrieved 2018-05-25.
- ^ Choksy, Jamsheed K. "How Iran persecutes its oldest religion". CNN. Retrieved 2018-05-26.
- ^ "Tehran Gallerist Couple Sentenced to 27 and 16 Years in Prison". Hyperallergic. 2018-01-31. Retrieved 2018-05-25.
- ^ Suissa, David (2018-02-14). "Obama and #IranianWomenToo". Jewish Journal. Retrieved 2018-05-25.
- ^ "From Profound Mutations in the Art World to Iran's Brutal Sentence for an Art Dealer: The Best and Worst of the Art World This Week". artnet News. 2018-02-03. Retrieved 2018-05-25.
- ^ "Who Are the Dual Nationals Imprisoned in Iran? – Center for Human Rights in Iran". www.iranhumanrights.org. 24 May 2018. Retrieved 2018-05-25.
- ^ "Iranian-American Art Dealers Sentenced To A Combined 43 Years In Prison | The Iranian". The Iranian. 2018-02-25. Retrieved 2018-05-25.
- ^ "Nationality Law | Iran Data Portal". irandataportal.syr.edu. Retrieved 2018-05-26.