AirSea Battle is an integrated battle doctrine that forms a key component of the military strategy of the United States. The doctrine became official in February 2010, and was renamed to Joint Concept for Access and Maneuver in the Global Commons (JAM-GC) in 2015.[1]
Background
edit
Inspired by the AirLand Battle concept, the United States Navy and Air Force are working on a new AirSea Battle doctrine.[2] A version was codified in a 2009 Navy-Air Force classified memo which addressed "asymmetrical threats" in the Western Pacific and the Persian Gulf, which are seen as meaning China and Iran. The Pentagon has created a China Integration Team composed of U.S. Navy officers to apply AirSea Battle lessons to a potential conflict with China, particular in and around the first island chain. In 2010 the Obama Administration declared that freedom of maritime navigation in the South China Sea, whose islands are claimed variously by China, Vietnam, Brunei, Taiwan, Malaysia, and the Philippines, is a U.S. national interest. The comment was seen as a response to a Chinese official stating the region was a "core interest" of Chinese sovereignty.[3]
AirSea Battle officially became part of U.S. grand strategy, when, in February 2010, the U.S. Department of Defense's Quadrennial Defense Review stated: "The Air Force and Navy together are developing a new joint air-sea battle concept for defeating adversaries across the range of military operations, including adversaries equipped with sophisticated anti-access and area denial capabilities. The concept will address how air and naval forces will integrate capabilities across all operational domains—air, sea, land, space, and cyberspace—to counter growing challenges to U.S. freedom of action. As it matures, the concept will also help guide the development of future capabilities needed for effective power projection operations."[4]
The conceptual background of AirSea Battle also stems from the "Revolution in Military Affairs" theory. Proponents of the theory have sought to direct American battle planning with new technological abilities in mind, such as precision-guided munitions and improvements in communication and ISTAR.[5]
History
editThe Pentagon's Office of Net Assessment, led by Andrew Marshall, has played a leading role in designing U.S. strategy in the Pacific. Marshall's office works closely with the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments (CSBA) led by Lieutenant-Colonel Andrew Krepinevich, whose outfit helped coin the phrase AirSea Battle.[6]
CSBA is a think tank engaging in AirSea Battle research and the leading advocate of the AirSea Battle concept. In April 2010 the CSBA released the report, "AirSea Battle: A Point-of-Departure Operational Concept," outlining the U.S. military's growing operational difficulties in the Western Pacific Theater of Operations (WPTO). The report argues for the United States to diversify its military strategy away from "the demands of modern irregular warfare" and fielding forces designed for "security threats that are fading into history" to one that highlights the Chinese People's Liberation Army's (PLA) quick ability to field anti-access/area denial (A2/AD) technologies.[7] The authors are quick to point out that they are not suggesting the United States seeks a confrontation or a war with China, but rather "offsetting the PLA's unprovoked and unwarranted military buildup."[8][9]
Michael E. O'Hanlon of the Brookings Institution believes the phrase "AirSea Battle" is politically contentious and should be renamed to "AirSea Operations," which he thinks better reflects the doctrine. "It may seem curious to worry about semantics and political correctness when talking about military systems or plans for war. But in Asia, semantics count a great deal; on a recent trip there, I heard lots of complaints about America's perceived efforts to contain China with frequent reference to…AirSea Battle doctrine."[10] O'Hanlon is a strong supporter of the doctrine but thinks a change in semantics, along with more dialogue and transparency will mitigate the security dilemma between the United States and China. O'Hanlon and James Steinberg argue that "policymakers must put this military doctrine into perspective and not let it become a prescription for unfettered rivalry."[11]
The 2014 Exercise Valiant Shield tested Air-Sea concepts.[12]
Coordination
editThe Pentagon's new Air-Sea Strategy Office will focus on anti-anti-access/area denial concepts.[13] The House Armed Service Committee has questioned if this office was duplicate of other Pentagon bureaucracy.[14]
Kenneth McKenzie defines the United States Marine Corps role in AirSea Battle as an airborne assault force that operates from ships to seize bases.[15]
The United States Air Force is responding to the threats against their foreign bases with the Pacific Airpower Resiliency Initiative.[16][17][18] In 2014 Seventh Air Force commander Lt Gen Jan-Marc Jouas stated that AirSea Battle would be the new warfighting doctrine for Korea.[19]
See also
edit- American geostrategy
- America's Pivot to Asia Strategy
- Blue Team (U.S. politics)
- China containment policy
- Foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration
- Geostrategy in Central Asia
- Second Cold War
- Chinese geostrategy
- Belt and Road Initiative
- Chinese century
- China Lobby
- List of disputed territories of China
- String of Pearls (Indian Ocean)
- Bi and multilateral relations
References
edit- ^ Goldfein, David (8 January 2015). "Document: Air Sea Battle Name Change Memo". news.usni.org. Pentagon. Archived from the original on 20 January 2015. Retrieved 20 January 2015.
- ^ Krepinevich, Andrew F. (2010). CSBA: Why AirSea Battle? (PDF). Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments (CSBA) - Scenarios. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-05-28. Retrieved 2013-07-16.
- ^ Stephen Glain, The Pentagon's new China war plan Archived 2013-04-09 at the Wayback Machine, Salon, August 13, 2011.
- ^ U.S. Department of Defense (February 2010). "Quadrennial Defense Review Report" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 3 October 2012.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Jaffe, Greg (1 August 2012). "U.S. model for a future war fans tensions with China and inside Pentagon". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 25 October 2014. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
- ^ Jaffe, Greg (1 August 2012). "U.S. model for a future war fan tensions with China and inside Pentagon". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 24 September 2012. Retrieved 3 October 2012.
- ^ Tol, Jan Van and Mark Gunzinger, Andrew Krepinevich, and Jim Thomas (April 2010). "AirSea Battle: A Point-of-Departure Operational Concept". CSBA: xv. Archived from the original on 17 October 2012. Retrieved 3 October 2012.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Tol, Jan Van and Mark Gunzinger, Andrew Krepinevich, and Jim Thomas (April 2010). "AirSea Battle: A Point-of-Departure Operational Concept". CSBA: xv. Archived from the original on 17 October 2012. Retrieved 3 October 2012.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Douglas Peifer, “China, the German Analogy, and the New AirSea Operational Concept,” Orbis. A Journal of World Affairs vol.55, nr.1 (Winter 2011), 114-131.
- ^ O'Hanlon, Michael (18 September 2012). "The Case for a Politically Correct Pentagon". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 21 September 2012. Retrieved 3 October 2012.
- ^ O'Hanlon, Michael and James Steinberg (23 August 2012). "Going beyond 'Air-Sea Battle'". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 11 September 2012. Retrieved 3 October 2012.
- ^ Slavin, Erik (28 September 2014). "Analysts: Air-Sea Battle concept carries risks in possible conflict with China". www.stripes.com. Stars and Stripes. Archived from the original on 29 September 2014. Retrieved 29 September 2014.
- ^ Garamone, Jim. "Pentagon Office to Coordinate New Air-Sea Strategy." Archived 2013-07-13 at the Wayback Machine American Forces Press Service, 10 November 2011.
- ^ "Air Sea Battle Under Fire From Congressional Committee". Archived from the original on 2013-06-17. Retrieved 2013-07-16.
- ^ "The future of amphibious warfare is airborne". Archived from the original on 2013-06-02. Retrieved 2013-07-16.
- ^ "Resiliency Goes Beyond Hardening". 29 April 2013. Archived from the original on 2015-12-07. Retrieved 2013-07-16.
- ^ "Air Force Bolstering Andersen's Survivability". Archived from the original on 2017-06-22. Retrieved 2013-07-16.
- ^ "Fighting for Access". Archived from the original on 2013-07-14. Retrieved 2013-07-16.
- ^ Keck, Zachary (20 June 2014). "America's Air-Sea Battle Plan in Korea". thediplomat.com. The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 3 July 2014. Retrieved 29 June 2014.