The Al-Shaitat massacres were committed by the Islamic State, beginning on October 17, 2014, against members of the Al-Shaitat clan of the Al-Uqaydat tribe, in a number of villages in Deir ez-Zor Governorate in Syria during the Syrian civil war.[1][2]
| Al-Shaitat massacres | |
|---|---|
| Location | Deir ez-Zor Governorate, Syria |
| Date | August 1, 2014 – August 3, 2014 (persecution of the clan continued until the Eastern Syria campaign) |
| Target | Al-Shaitat |
| Deaths | 1000–1200 |
| Perpetrators | Islamic State |
| Defenders | Syria |
Massacres
editIn August 2014, the Sunni Arab Shaitat clan, led by Sheikh Rafia Aqla Al-Rajwa, revolted against the Islamic State after it captured the Al-Omar oil field in July 2014, which was the main source of income for the Shaitat clan, which consisted of over 70,000 individuals at the time. The Shaitat clan took three towns in Deir Ez-Zor from the Islamic State, where the Islamic State withdrew and then returned with reinforcements, and recaptured the towns and retaliated by targeting the clan in various towns including Gharanij, Abu Hamam, and Al-Kishkiyah.[3][4] According to SOHR, the Islamic State killed nearly 700 Shaitat members in two weeks, including 100 fighters and 600 civilians, and later killed around 300 Shaitat members in one day in the village of Gharanij, while the fate of 1,800 members of the clan was unknown.[5][6][7][8][9] The main massacres ended on August 3, 2014, with over 1,000 members of the Shaitat clan dead.[10] Even after the main massacres ended on August 3, the persecution continued until the Islamic State were pushed out of Deir ez-Zor, with over 20 people being captured and killed every day, according to a survivor who also claimed that the number of dead Shaitat members was over 1,200.[11]
Islamic State fighters executed members of the clan by shooting, beheading, and crucifying them.[12] It was the bloodiest single atrocity committed by the Islamic State in Syria. The Abu Hamam area, between Mayadin and Hajin, where important members of the clan once lived, had been abandoned with many bodies that remained uncollected.[13][14]
After August 3, the Islamic State allowed the Shaitat members to return to their lands and villages, on the condition that they would surrender all their weapons and follow a night curfew. Some Shaitat were conscripted by the Islamic State.[15] In 2022, an immigrant in Germany was arrested by German authorities allegedly because he personally tortured three civilians belonging to the Sheitat clan.[16]
In December 2014, one of the families of the Shu'itat clan returning to their homes discovered a new mass grave in the desert of the village of Al-Kashkia, and the cemetery included more than 230 bodies, some of which were beheaded.[17][18][19] In 2020, 26 more victims were discovered in the countryside of Deir ez-Zor. 25 of them were identified by relatives, and the identity of one remained unknown. The remains of the identified were reburied in a cemetery in Abu Hamam.[20]
The Shaitat clan fought in the Eastern Syria campaign alongside the Syrian government, and allied militias, and successfully pushed the Islamic State out of Deir ez-Zor.[21]
Aftermath
editAl-Shaitat built a monument dedicated to the massacres in the countryside of eastern Deir ez-Zor Governorate near Iraq. In 2022, in retaliation for the massacres, a member of the Shaitat clan sneakily placed a tracking device in a motorcycle owned by Maher al-Agal, and gave his location to CJTF-OIR, who eventually killed al-Agal in an airstrike. Throughout the War against the Islamic State, the Shaitat clan had been a staunch ally of the CJTF-OIR, and especially the United States. A member of the clan stated that "almost every member of the tribe is an informant against ISIS", and that whenever they assist the United States against the Islamic State, they often reject payments, claiming that they are killing Islamic State members out of pure revenge.[22]
The Shaitat clan received funds, weapons, and training from the United States. The chiefs of the Shaitat clan spent much of the funds on charity work for survivors of the massacres, as well as buying school supplies for children of the clan.[22] In 2023, the Shaitat clan, while still focused on quelling the Islamic State insurgency, also participated in the Deir ez-Zor uprisings against the SDF.[23] The United States acted as a mediator in the conflict, which eventually ended.[24]
References
edit- ^ "مجزرة داعش المنسية في دير الزور". معهد واشنطن. دير الزور، سوريا. 2022-10-24. Archived from the original on 2023-07-05. Retrieved 2023-10-13 – via www.washingtoninstitute.org.
- ^ "مقابر جماعية للمئات من ضحايا مجازر تنظيم الدولة بسوريا". الجزيرة. دير الزور، سوريا. 2014-12-20. Archived from the original on 20 October 2023. Retrieved 2023-10-13 – via 1-a1072.azureedge.net.
- ^ "قتلوهم ليكونوا عبرة.. جرائم تنظيم الدولة الإسلامية ضد قرى عشيرة الشعيطات في دير الزور" (PDF). منظمة العدالة من أجل الحياة. دمشق، سوريا. June 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-01-24. Retrieved 2023-10-13 – via jfl.ngo.
- ^ ""الدولة الإسلامية" يعدم المئات من عشيرة "الشعيطات" السنية شرق سوريا". فرانس 24. دير الزور، سوريا. 2014-08-16. Archived from the original on 2022-08-15. Retrieved 2023-10-13 – via www.france24.com.
- ^ "L'Etat islamique a exécuté 700 membres d'une tribu syrienne - 17 août 2014 - l'Obs". Archived from the original on 2017-09-26. Retrieved 2024-02-21.
- ^ "Syrie : 700 membres d'une tribu "exécutés" par des jihadistes". France 24. August 16, 2014. Archived from the original on October 30, 2023. Retrieved February 21, 2024.
- ^ "Monde – L'actualité internationale – Le Point". Le Point.fr. Archived from the original on 2024-02-19. Retrieved 2024-02-21.
- ^ "Thousands of people of al- Shaitaat tribe start to return home – The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights". November 26, 2014. Archived from the original on October 23, 2022. Retrieved February 21, 2024.
- ^ "La soif de vengeance de la tribu des Chaitat contre l'EI". Le Monde.fr. March 7, 2019. Archived from the original on October 21, 2023. Retrieved February 21, 2024 – via Le Monde.
- ^ Kittleson, Shelly (2019-06-07). "Distrust of SDF, unclear future divide Syrian tribal massacre area – Al-Monitor: Independent, trusted coverage of the Middle East". www.al-monitor.com. Retrieved 2024-02-23.
- ^ "Al-Shaitat massacre, as narrated by one survivor – Massar". 2021-12-08. Retrieved 2024-02-23.
- ^ "Syria: Isis executes al-Sheitaat tribe teenager with bazooka in Deir al-Zour". 21 May 2015. Archived from the original on 26 June 2022. Retrieved 21 February 2024.
- ^ "Syria tribal revolt against Islamic State ignored, fueling resentment". The Washington Post. 20 October 2014. Archived from the original on 28 January 2015. Retrieved 6 November 2014.
- ^ SYRIA DIRECT: NEWS UPDATE 8-19-2014, syriadirect.org
- ^ "فيديو يظهر انتهاكات داعش بحق الشعيطات في دير الزور". Archived from the original on 2022-10-01.
- ^ "ألمانيا تعتقل أحد منفذي"مذبحة الشعيطات"". www.albawabhnews.com. 2022-04-07. Archived from the original on 2022-04-08. Retrieved 2024-02-21.
- ^ "Plus de 230 corps retrouvés dans l'est de la Syrie". Le Monde.fr. December 17, 2014. Archived from the original on October 21, 2023. Retrieved February 21, 2024 – via Le Monde.
- ^ "Syrie : les charniers de l'"État islamique"". Le Point. December 17, 2014. Archived from the original on October 25, 2023. Retrieved February 21, 2024.
- ^ "A mass grave found in the countryside of Deir Ezzor – The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights". December 17, 2014. Archived from the original on April 9, 2023. Retrieved February 21, 2024.
- ^ "Shaitat clan identifies 25 victims after new mass grave found – ANHA | HAWARNEWS | English". hawarnews.com. Archived from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved 2022-11-14.
- ^ Carter Center (2017), p. 2.
- ^ a b "Syrian tribe finds ways to exact revenge on ISIS". September 27, 2022.
- ^ Wales, Gregory (1 September 2023). "Deir ez-Zor's tribes reach a breaking point". Middle East Institute. Archived from the original on 3 September 2023.
- ^ "Syria Today – Deal in Deir-ez-Zor, Bombing in Idleb Leads to More Displacement". Syrian Observer. 7 September 2023. Retrieved 7 September 2023.
Works cited
edit- "Weekly Conflict Summary. August 31 – September 06, 2017" (PDF). Carter Center. 6 September 2017.