The Al Aidh Emirate (Arabic: إمارة آل عائض) fully known as the Al Aidh Emirate of 'Asir or simply the 'Asiri Emirate, was an autonomous and independent Muslim kingdom that arose in 'Asir after the demise of Ali bin Mujathal al-Mughaidi.[1][2][3][4] It coexisted with the nearby Idrisid Emirate of Asir.[1][2][3][4] The Emirate's territories included Taif, as well as domains in Yemen. Their small wars against the Ottoman Empire led to them being temporarily overtaken by the Ottomans, until they withdrew after losing the First World War.[1][2][3][4] The Emirate finally ended in 1919, and 'Asir itself was then annexed by Ibn Saud into the country of Saudi Arabia.[5]
Al Aidh Emirate إمارة آل عائض (Arabic) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1833–1919 | |||||||||||||
 | |||||||||||||
 The Al Aidh Emirate in its beginning years, marked in red | |||||||||||||
 A hand drawn map of the borders of the Al Aidh Emirate in 1856, drawn in 1994 | |||||||||||||
| Status | Independent Emirate (1833–1919) Annexed into Saudi Arabia | ||||||||||||
| Capital | Abha | ||||||||||||
| Common languages | Arabic | ||||||||||||
| Religion | Sunni Islam | ||||||||||||
| Demonym(s) | 'Asiri | ||||||||||||
| Government | Emirate | ||||||||||||
| Emir | |||||||||||||
• 1833–1857 (first) | Aidh bin Mar'i al-Yazidi | ||||||||||||
• 1908–1910/1919 (last) | Hasan bin Ali al-Aidh | ||||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||||
• Death of Ali bin Mujathal al-Mughaidi | 1833 | ||||||||||||
| 1919 | |||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
| Today part of | Saudi Arabia Yemen | ||||||||||||
The Emirate was led by rulers from the Aidh family, an Arab ruling family of Arabian Jewish descent.[6] In 1916, the Sheikdom of Upper 'Asir was formed by members of the Aidh family, which had broken away from the Idrisid Emirate of 'Asir.[6]
List of Emirs
edit- Aidh bin Mar'i al-Yazidi (r. 1833–1857)
- Muhammad bin Aidh (r. 1857–1873)
- Nasser bin Aidh (r. 1873–1875)
- Abdul Rahman bin Aidh (Territory taken over temporarily by the Ottoman Empire)
- Ali bin Muhammad bin Aidh (Territory taken over temporarily by the Ottoman Empire)
- Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Aidh (Last Emir under Ottoman rule before they left in 1908)
- Hasan bin Ali al-Aidh (1908–1910/1919), leader of the Sheikdom of Upper 'Asir[5][6]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c The History of 'Asir by Hashim bin Sa'id al-Naami, page 23
- ^ a b c The History of Ibn Laboun: The treasury of Najdi history
- ^ a b c Abdullah bin Ali bin Misfar, Siyar al-'Amir al-'Asiri
- ^ a b c Islamic History, Part 8: The Ottoman Era by Mahmoud Shaker
- ^ a b Bang, Anne K. (1998). The Idrisi state in Asir: 1906 - 1934; politics, religion and personal prestige as statebuilding factors in early twentieth century Arabia. Bergen studies on the Middle East and Africa. London: Hurst. ISBN 978-1-85065-306-6.
- ^ a b c "Other Arabian Polities". www.worldstatesmen.org. Retrieved 2024-04-23.