Egba Ake, otherwise known as Egba Alake, is one of the four sections of Egbaland, the others being Oke-Ona, Gbagura, and the Owu (Ibara is often mentioned as another section; this is part of Yewa historically, not Egba, though it is also located in the present-day Abeokuta geographically).[1]
Egba Ake
Egba Alake | |
|---|---|
  Egba Ake Location in Nigeria | |
| Coordinates: 7°9′39″N 3°20′54″E / 7.16083°N 3.34833°E | |
| Country |  Nigeria |
| State | Ogun State |
It is a traditional state which joins with its bordering sections to form something of a high kingship. The Alake of Abeokuta, or Alake of Egbaland, is the traditional ruler of the Egba clan of Yoruba in the city of Abeokuta in southwestern Nigeria.[2]
The Egba Ake section is seen by traditionalists as Abeokuta's aristocracy because its principal noblemen, the Omo-Iya-Marun, serve as the kingmakers of the Alake, who must himself also come from this section.[3]
History
edit| House of Egba Alake | |
|---|---|
Nigerian royal dynasty
 | |
| Parent house | Oodua |
| Current region | Yorubaland |
| Founded | c.1300 (Orile Egba) 1830 (Abeokuta) |
| Founder | Ajalake (Orile Egba) Sagbua Okukenun (Abeokuta) |
| Current head | Adedotun Aremu Gbadebo III |
| Titles | |
| Style(s) | Kabiyesi Majesty Royal Highness |
| Members | |
| Connected families | Odunjo family Vaughan family |
| Traditions | Ifá Christianity Islam |
| Motto | Awon Egba, Omo Lisabi (Yoruba for "The Egbas, children of Lisabi") |
| Cadet branches |
|
The Egba people's original homeland in the Egba forest was established by Yoruba migrants from elsewhere. According to The History of the Yorubas by Samuel Johnson, Eso Ikoyi chiefs in the retinue of the first Alake of the Egba joined him in founding a new community - the confederacy of towns that became known as Orile Egba - in the forest after they left the nascent Oyo empire in around the 13th century AD.[4] Orile Egba continued to exist until its destruction during the Yoruba civil war of the 19th century. As a result, many of the leading families of the Egba Ake claim descent from the Eso Ikoyis today.
Abeokuta was founded as a replacement for Orile Egba in around 1830 by the Egbas after the collapse of the Oyo empire during the civil war. The city was founded because of its strong defensive physical position by refugees trying to protect themselves against slave raiders from Dahomey, who were trying to benefit from the war.[5]
Chief Shodeke, the first paramount chief of Abeokuta and the rest of Egbaland, was a member of the Egba Ake section. Using oral traditions of the Alake's claim to membership of Oduduwa's family being superior to that of any of the other Egba kings to cement the section's position, he is said to have allocated the tracts of land that each of the junior sections settled upon following their arrival in the city. The Egba Ake have been the traditional landowners of Egbaland ever since this event.[6]
In 1832, Abeokuta was involved in war with the people of Ijebu Remo, and in 1834 with the Ibadan people. Sporadic fighting continued with the people of Ota (1842), Ado (1844), Ibarapa (1849), Dahomey (1851), Ijebu-Ere (1851), Ijaye (1860–1862) and the Makun War of 1862–1864.[7]
On 18 January 1893, a treaty was signed with the governor and commander-in-chief of the British Lagos Colony for the purpose of trade; the British recognized Egbaland as an independent state. In 1898, the Egba United Government was formed.
In 1904, an agreement was made where the British assumed jurisdiction in certain legal cases, and in the same year, the Alake Gbadebo paid a state visit to England. Over the following years, the British steadily assumed more responsibility for administration while continuing to formally recognize the Egba state.[8] In 1914, the kingdom was incorporated into the newly amalgamated British Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria.[9]
In 1949, as a result of agitation by the women's rights leader Chief Funmilayo Ransome Kuti, the Alake Ladapo Ademola was forced to abdicate. He later returned to the throne.[10]
Rulers
edit
Rulers of the Egba in Abeokuta, who took the title "Alake" in 1854, were:[11]
| Start | End | Ruler |
|---|---|---|
| 1829 | 1845 | Shodeke |
| 1845 | 1846 | Shomoye -Regent (1st time) |
| 1846 | 1854 | Sagbua Okukenun -Regent |
| 8 Aug 1854 | 1862 | Okukenun (Sagbua Okukenun) First Alake |
| 1862 | 1868 | Shomoye -Regent (2nd time) |
| 28 Nov 1869 | 20 Dec 1877 | Ademola I |
| Jan 1879 | 15 Sep 1881 | Oyekan (d. 1881) |
| 9 Feb 1885 | 27 Jan 1889 | Oluwajin |
| 18 Sep 1891 | 11 Jun 1898 | Oshokalu |
| 8 Aug 1898 | 28 May 1920 | Gbadebo I (1854–1920) |
| 27 Sep 1920 | 27 Dec 1962 | Ladapo Samuel Ademola II (1872–1962) (in exile 1948 – 3 Dec 1950) |
| 29 Sep 1963 | 26 Oct 1971 | Adeshina Samuel Gbadebo II (1908–1971) |
| 5 Aug 1972 | 3 Feb 2005 | Samuel Oyebade Mofolorunsho Lipede (1915–2005) |
| 24 Aug 2005 | Adedotun Aremu Gbadebo III (b. 1943)[12] |
References
edit- ^ Blair, J.H. (1937), Intelligence Report on Abeokuta.
- ^ Niyi Odebode (5 November 2007). "Alake, others fault Owu's claim on Abeokuta". The Punch. Archived from the original on 5 November 2007. Retrieved 7 September 2010.
- ^ Blair, J.H. (1937), Intelligence Report on Abeokuta.
- ^ Johnson 1921.
- ^ Blair, J.H. (1937), Intelligence Report on Abeokuta.
- ^ Blair, J.H. (1937), Intelligence Report on Abeokuta.
- ^ "History of Abeokuta". Egba United Society. Retrieved 7 September 2010.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Egba: Some Historical Facts" (PDF). Egba-Yewa Descendants Association Washington, DC. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 February 2010. Retrieved 7 September 2010.
- ^ "Egba Historical Facts". Egba-Yewa Descendants Association Washington, DC. Archived from the original on 28 November 2010. Retrieved 7 September 2010.
- ^ Adeniyi, Dapo. "Monuments and metamorphosis" (PDF). African Quarterly on the Arts Vol.2 No.2. Retrieved 7 September 2010.
- ^ "Traditional States of Nigeria". WorldStatesmen.org. Retrieved 7 September 2010.
- ^ Niyi Odebode and Olaolu Oladipo (4 August 2005). "Gbadebo emerges new Alake – • We're yet to confirm any candidate – Ogun govt". Online Nigeria Daily News. Archived from the original on 12 March 2012. Retrieved 7 September 2010.
Works cited
edit- Johnson, Samuel (1921). The History of the Yorubas: from the earliest times to the beginning of the British Protectorate. Lagos: CMS Bookshops.