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Albin Köbis (18 December 1892 – 5 September 1917) was a German sailor executed in 1917 for incitement to rebellion in the Imperial German Navy.
Life
editKöbis was born in Reinickendorf which was incorporated into Berlin in 1920. He worked as a mechanic and as a sailor on merchant ships until he enlisted as a volunteer in 1912. In the Imperial German Navy he served as a stoker on the battleship Prinzregent Luitpold.[1] In the summer of 1917, he became one of the leaders of a movement among sailors in the imperial fleet, whose complaints about food and other conditions soon developed into agitation against the war. He was arrested and condemned to death for incitement to rebellion on 26 August 1917 as a main ringleader along with Max Reichpietsch and three other sailors. The sentences on the other three were commuted to penal servitude, but Köbis and Reichpietsch were executed by firing squad on 5 September 1917.[2]
These executions were denounced as naval judicial murders by Marxist politicians and newspapers,[3][4] and helped trigger the Naval Mutinies of 1918,[citation needed] which led to the German Revolution of 1918–1919. This has made Köbis and Reichpietsch heroes of the German socialist movement.
Commemoration
editAfter World War II the name of a street in Berlin-Tiergarten was renamed Köbisstrasse.[5]
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Monument for Albin Köbis and Max Reichpietsch, military cemetery Wahner Heide near Cologne -
GDR stamp -
MY Albin Köbis served as the presidential yacht of the German Democratic Republic -
Gaff-ketch Albin Köbis
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A television play about the case, Marinemeuterei 1917, was shown on West German television in 1969, directed by Hermann Kugelstadt and starring Dieter Wilken as Köbis and Karl-Heinz von Hassel as Reichpietsch.[6]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Merkl (2018), p.4
- ^ Regulski (2014), introduction
- ^ Dittmann, Wilhelm (1926). Die Marine-Justiz-Morde von 1917 und die Admirals-Rebellion von 1918. Berlin: Dietz
- ^ Unschuldig hingerichtet!, Vorwärts 22 January 1926
- ^ Pfeifer, Douglas (2011). Commemoration of Mutiny, Rebellion and Resistance in Postwar Germany, The Journal of Military History 65, 1014
- ^ Marinemeuterei 1917
Further reading
edit- Herwig, Holger H. (1977). Das Elitecorps des Kaisers, Hamburg: Hans Christians Verlag
- Horn, D. ed. (1967), War, Mutiny and Revolution in the German Navy – The World War I Diary of Seaman Richard Stumpf, New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press
- Merkl, Tanja (2018). Köbis und Reichpietsch, renitente, enttäuschte Seeleute oder Rebellen für das Streben nach Frieden und Gerechtigkeit? Archived 2022-01-14 at the Wayback Machine 58. Historisch -Taktische Tagung der Marine 2018
- Offenstadt, Nicolas (2022). Die „Roten Matrosen“ von 1917. In: Emmanuel Droit und Nicolas Offenstadt (eds.), Das rote Erbe der Front. Der Erste Weltkrieg in der DDR. De Gruyter Oldenbourg 2022, pp. 117-164
- Regulski, Christoph (2014). Lieber für die Ideale erschossen werden als für die sogenannte Ehre fallen – Albin Köbis und Max Reichpietsch und die deutsche Matrosenbewegung 1917, Wiesbaden: Marix-Verlag
- Sewell, Sara Ann (2009). Mourning Comrades: Communist Funerary Rituals in Cologne during the Weimar Republic, German Studies Review 32 (3), 527–548
- Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestags (2017). Rechtskraft von Urteilen der kaiserlichen Militärjustiz. Die Todesurteile gegen Reichpietsch und Köbis im Sommer 1917, Ausarbeitung WD 7-3000 -116/17