In Greek mythology, Alcinoë (/ælˈsɪnoʊ.iː/; Ancient Greek: Ἀλκινόη, romanized: Alkinóē, lit. 'mighty-minded') is a young princess of Corinth, daughter of King Polybus of Corinth, and sister to Oedipus. Alcinoë married Amphilochus and had children by him, but Athena made her fall in love with a visitor named Xanthus from the island of Samos. This was caused by her refusing to pay the full wages of woman called Nicandra, after hiring and having her to spin for her, which made a furious Nicandra pray to the goddess Athena asking for revenge. Maddend by Athena, Alcinoë sails away with Xanthus, but realises halfway through the voyage what she has done. Out of shame she throws herself into the sea.[1] Greek grammarian Parthenius of Nicaea preserves her story in his Erotica Pathemata ("sorrows about love"), which he attributes to Hellenistic poetess Moero.[2]
Etymology
editAlcinoë's name is the feminine version of Alcinoös. The name derives from the ancient Greek words ἀλκή (alkḗ), meaning "strength, prowess" or "courage",[3] and νόος (nóos), meaning "mind".[4] Thus her name translates to 'strong-minded.'
Family
editAlcinoë was the daughter of King Polybus of Corinth (possibly by his wife, the queen Periboea). She had an elder (foster) brother named Oedipus. Alcinoë married a man named Amphilochus, by whom she had children of unspecified number and sex.
Mythology
editAs a married woman, Alcinoë hired a spinner named Nicandra to spin and create textiles for her for a year. When the year had passed and Alcinoë had to pay the wages Nicandra was due, she instead drove her out of the house without giving the full price agreed beforehand. The angered Nicandra then prayed to Athena, the goddess of weaving, to see upon and take revenge for the injustice she had suffered.[5]
Sometime later, a stranger from Samos called Xanthus came to visit. By the wrath of Athena who had decided it was time to enact the woman's punishment, Alcinoë was inflicted with great passion for the man, and became infatuated with him. Eventually her love reached such a state that she decided to elope with him, leaving behind her homeland, her husband and her little children without a second thought.[6]
The happy couple sailed away in bliss, but in the middle of the voyage she came back to her senses and the gravity of her actions hit her. She shed many bitter tears of despair, calling out the names of the husband and children she had left behind. Xanthus to comfort her and promised Alcinoë he would make her his lawful wife, but she was inconsolable and nothing he would say reached her. In the end, the weeping Alcinoë threw herself into the deep waves and drowned.[7]
In culture
editIt has been noted that Alcinoë's short myth shares many plot points with Russian writer Leo Tolstoy's novel Anna Karenina; the two stories share elements of the injustice inflicted on the lower class by the aristocrats, and the miconducts of an infidelious wife who abandons her husband and offspring for the sake of a new lover.[8] Unlike Alcinoë, Anna is not cursed by a goddess, but both women are faced with an infatuation they are unable to control, and end up taking their lives once remorse over the serparation from the husband and children sets in.[9] It is possible that Tolstoy might have been inspired by this myth to write Anna Karenina; in his notes he mentions reading the works of an author named Parthenius in 1878, although whether he had read the Erotica Pathemata before the 19th March 1873, when he started writing the book, remains unknown.[10]
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ Parthenius. "THE STORY OF ALCINOE: From the Curses of Moero". Topos Text.
- ^ Skinner 2005, pp. 98-9.
- ^ Liddell & Scott 1940, s.v. ἀλκή.
- ^ Liddell & Scott 1940, s.v. νόος.
- ^ March 2014, s.v. Alcinoe.
- ^ Bell 1991, s.v. Alcinoe 2.
- ^ Parthenius 27, citing the Curses of Moero.
- ^ Finch 1953, pp. 81–2.
- ^ Finch 1953, p. 81.
- ^ Finch 1953, p. 82.
Bibliography
edit- Bell, Robert E. (1991). Women of Classical Mythology: A Biographical Dictionary. ABC-Clio. ISBN 9780874365818.
- Finch, Chauncey E. (1953). "The Influence of Parthenius in Tolstoy's Anna Karenina". The Classical Weekly. 46 (6): 81–83. doi:10.2307/4343293. JSTOR 4343293. Retrieved September 22, 2024.
- Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert (1940). A Greek-English Lexicon, revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones with the assistance of Roderick McKenzie. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Online version at Perseus.tufts project.
- March, Jennifer R. (May 31, 2014). Dictionary of Classical Mythology. Oxbow Books. ISBN 978-1-78297-635-6.
- Parthenius, Love Romances translated by Sir Stephen Gaselee (1882–1943), S. Loeb Classical Library Volume 69. Cambridge, MA. Harvard University Press. 1916. Online version at the Topos Text Project.
- Skinner, Marylin B. (2005). "Homer's Mother". In Greene, Ellen (ed.). Women Poets in Ancient Greece and Rome. University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-8061-3663-9.