Alessandro Sinigaglia, battle name Vittorio (Fiesole, 2 January 1902 – Florence, 13 February 1944) was an Italian partisan during World War II.
Biography
editSinigaglia was born in Fiesole to David Sinigaglia, a Jew from Mantua, and Cynthia White, an African American woman from Saint Louis. White had arrived in Italy as a maid in Villa la Fonte, owned by the Smith family, founders of the railways in Vermont. They worked in the same villa.[1][2]
Professionally a mechanic, he served in the military as a submariner in the Navy. In 1924,[3] he returned to Fiesole and joined the clandestine Communist Party.
In 1928, to avoid arrest, he fled to France and from there to the Soviet Union, where he attended a party school, worked as a mechanic again, and got married. He then moved to Switzerland and organized Italian communist exiles there.
Later, he participated in the Spanish Civil War aboard a Republican cruiser.[4]
After the defeat, in 1939, he sought refuge in France. He was arrested and handed over to the Italian authorities in 1941, who confined him to Ventotene.[3][5]
He was released in August 1943, following the fall of Mussolini, and returned to Florence, where he organized and led one of the first GAP formations.
A few months later, he fell into an ambush set by the Special Services Unit of Major Mario Carità and was killed on Via Pandolfini in Florence.[4]
Legacy
edit
A plaque in memory of Alessandro Sinigaglia was placed at the site of his death. He is also listed among the fallen partisans of the city of Florence and in the Shrine of the Florentine Partisans in Rifredi.[4]
In June 1944, the 22nd bis Garibaldi Brigade "Vittorio Sinigaglia" was dedicated to him.[6]
Honors
edit
Notes
edit- ^ "Omaggio dei Chille a Alessandro Sinigaglia: "Negro, ebreo, comunista"". www.nove.firenze.it (in Italian). Retrieved 6 January 2024.
- ^ His genealogical tree can be found in geni
- ^ a b Valeri, Mauro (14 September 2010). "Negro Ebreo Comunista Alessandro Sinigaglia, venti anni di lotta contro il fascismo". www.pane-rose.it. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
- ^ a b c Alessandro Sinigaglia, profile from the official website of the National Association of Italian Partisans (ANPI) - URL accessed on May 23, 2011.
- ^ Commissione di assegnazione al confino di Firenze, ordinance dated June 3, 1941, against Alessandro Sinigaglia (“Antifranco fighters in Spain”). In: Adriano Dal Pont, Simonetta Carolini, Italy in confinement 1926-1943. The ordinances of assignment to confinement issued by the provincial commissions from November 1926 to July 1943, Milan 1983 (ANPPIA/La Pietra), vol. III, p. 1088.
- ^ The military structure of Garibaldi partisan forces in the Florence area, from the official website of the municipal committee of Bagno a Ripoli of the ANPI - URL accessed on May 22, 2011.
Bibliography
edit- Mauro Valeri, Negro Ebreo Comunista. Alessandro Sinigaglia, venti anni in lotta contro il fascismo. Odradek Edizioni, Roma, 2010. ISBN 978-88-96487-09-9.
- Angiolo Gracci (Commander Gracco), Brigata Sinigaglia, Ministry of Occupied Italy - State Polygraphic Institute, Rome 1945 (2nd ed.: Feltrinelli Bookstore, Florence? 1976; 3rd ed.: Political Laboratory, Naples 1995)
- Riccardo Michelucci Alessandro Sinigaglia, audiodocumentario RAI Radio3 wikiradio, January 2 2024